Yankee
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| - | Among [[Constance Rourke]]'s most notable books is ''[[American Humor (book)|American Humor: A Study of the National Character]]'', which was first published in [[1931]]. | + | The term '''Yankee''' (sometimes abbreviated to ''Yank'') has a number of possible meanings, but in almost all contexts, it refers to someone of [[United States]] origin or heritage. [[Constance Rourke]]'s ''[[American Humor (book)|American Humor: A Study of the National Character]]'' identified the character of the “[[Yankee]]” as that first American [[comic]] figure, the first widely accepted American character that the nation could find [[funny]], make fun of and even export for the amusement of the world - a gangly traveler who told stories, played elaborate [[practical jokes]], was [[ingenuous]], [[sly]], perhaps [[uneducated]]. She reports that [[American comedy]] sprang forth after the [[American Revolution]], when the country was “freed from the worry of self preservation” and its citizens began to regard themselves as “[[works of art]]." |
| - | ===Themes=== | + | |
| - | One leading analysis of [[American humor]], the 1931 book ''[[American Humor (book)|American Humor: A Study of the National Character]]'' by [[Constance Rourke]], identified the character of the “[[Yankee]]” as that first American [[comic]] figure, the first widely accepted American character that the nation could find [[funny]], make fun of and even export for the amusement of the world - a gangly traveler who told stories, played elaborate [[practical jokes]], was [[ingenuous]], [[sly]], perhaps [[uneducated]]. She reports that [[American comedy]] sprang forth after the [[American Revolution]], when the country was “freed from the worry of self preservation” and its citizens began to regard themselves as “[[works of art]]." | + | |
| - | == From the forward == | + | ===Etymology=== |
| + | 1683, a name applied disparagingly by [[Dutch people|Dutch]] settlers in Nieuw Amsterdam ([[New York]]) to English colonists in neighboring Connecticut. It may be from Du. [[Janke]], lit. "Little John," dim. of common personal name [[Jan]]; or it may be from Jan Kees familiar form of "Johan Cornelius," or perhaps an alt. of Jan Kees, dial. variant of Jan Kaas, lit. "John Cheese," the generic nickname the Flemings used for Dutchmen. It originally seems to have been applied insultingly to Dutch, especially freebooters, before they turned around and slapped it on the English. In Eng. a term of contempt (1750s) before its use as a general term for "native of New England" (1765). Shortened form [[Yank#Proper noun|Yank]] in reference to "an [[American]]" first recorded 1778. | ||
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| - | :"IN pursuing humor over a wide area, as in the nation, certain pitfalls lurk for the unwary. An antiquarian interest is likely to develop. An old piece of humor is discovered, and one turns it over like a worn carving or figurine, with mounting pride if one can name it as pre-Jacksonian, early Maine, late Arkansas, or perhaps not American at all but of doubtful origin, say neo-French. But other interests may transcend this beguiling pedantry, for humor is one of those conceits which give form and flavor to an entire character. In the nation, as comedy moves from a passing effervescence into the broad stream of a common possession, its bearings become singularly wide. There is scarcely an aspect of the American character to which humor is not related, few which in some sense it has not governed. It has moved into literature, not merely as an occasional touch, but as a force determining large patterns and intentions. It is a lawless element, full of surprises. It sustains its own appeal, yet its vigorous power invites absorption in that character of which it is a part. | ||
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| - | :Of late the American character has received marked and not altogether flattering attention from American critics. "It's a wretched business, this virtual quarrel of ours with our own country," said Rowland Mallett in <i>[[Roderick Hudson]]</i>. The quarrel seemed to begin in that period within which James laid his story, soon after the Civil War; traces of it may be seen even earlier. It has deepened; it has occasionally grown ponderous; it has often been bracing; at times it has narrowed to a methodical hilarity. Since the prevailing note has been candid, candor may be offered in turn. This book has no quarrel with the American character; one might as well dispute with some established feature in the natural landscape. Nor can it be called a defense. Some one has said that a book should be written as a debt is gratefully paid. This study has grown from an enjoyment of American vagaries, and from the belief that these have woven together a tradition which is various, subtle, sinewy, scant at times but not poor.' | ||
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The term Yankee (sometimes abbreviated to Yank) has a number of possible meanings, but in almost all contexts, it refers to someone of United States origin or heritage. Constance Rourke's American Humor: A Study of the National Character identified the character of the “Yankee” as that first American comic figure, the first widely accepted American character that the nation could find funny, make fun of and even export for the amusement of the world - a gangly traveler who told stories, played elaborate practical jokes, was ingenuous, sly, perhaps uneducated. She reports that American comedy sprang forth after the American Revolution, when the country was “freed from the worry of self preservation” and its citizens began to regard themselves as “works of art."
Etymology
1683, a name applied disparagingly by Dutch settlers in Nieuw Amsterdam (New York) to English colonists in neighboring Connecticut. It may be from Du. Janke, lit. "Little John," dim. of common personal name Jan; or it may be from Jan Kees familiar form of "Johan Cornelius," or perhaps an alt. of Jan Kees, dial. variant of Jan Kaas, lit. "John Cheese," the generic nickname the Flemings used for Dutchmen. It originally seems to have been applied insultingly to Dutch, especially freebooters, before they turned around and slapped it on the English. In Eng. a term of contempt (1750s) before its use as a general term for "native of New England" (1765). Shortened form Yank in reference to "an American" first recorded 1778.
