Voice (grammar)
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In grammar, the voice of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state) that the verb expresses and the participants identified by its arguments (subject, object, etc.). When the subject is the agent or doer of the action, the verb is in the active voice. When the subject is the patient, target or undergoer of the action, the verb is said to be in the passive voice. Voice is sometimes called diathesis.
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List of voices
Voices found in various languages include:
- Adjutative voice
- Antipassive voice
- Applicative voice
- Active voice
- Causative voice
- Circumstantial voice
- Impersonal passive voice
- Mediopassive voice
- Middle voice
- Passive voice
- Pseudo-passive
- Reciprocal voice (subject and object perform the verbal action to each other, e. g. She and I cut each other)
- Reflexive voice (the subject and the object of the verb are the same, as in I cut myself)
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