University of Montpellier
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| - | '''Avicenna''' (c. 980 - 1037) was a [[polymath]] of [[Persian people|Persian]] origin and the [[Medicine in medieval Islam|foremost physician]] and [[Islamic philosophy|philosopher of his time]]. He was also [[Astronomy in medieval Islam|an astronomer]], [[Alchemy and chemistry in medieval Islam|chemist]], [[Geography and cartography in medieval Islam|geologist]], [[Hafiz (Qur'an)|Hafiz]], [[Psychology in medieval Islam|Islamic psychologist]], [[Muslim scholars|Islamic scholar]], [[Islamic theology|Islamic theologian]], [[Logic in Islamic philosophy|logician]], [[paleontologist]], [[Mathematics in medieval Islam|mathematician]], [[Maktab]] teacher, [[Physics in medieval Islam|physicist]], [[Islamic poetry|poet]], and [[Science in medieval Islam|scientist]]. | ||
| - | Ibn Sīnā studied medicine under a physician named [[Kushyar ibn Labban|Koushyar]]. He wrote almost 450 treatises on a wide range of subjects, of which around 240 have survived. In particular, 150 of his surviving treatises concentrate on philosophy and 40 of them concentrate on medicine. His most famous works are ''[[The Book of Healing]]'', a vast philosophical and scientific [[encyclopaedia]], and ''[[The Canon of Medicine]]'', The ''Canon of Medicine'' was used as a text-book in the universities of [[University of Montpellier|Montpellier]] and [[Université catholique de Louvain|Louvain]] as late as 1650. | + | The '''University of Montpellier''' ({{lang-fr|Université Montpellier}}) was a [[France|French]] [[university]] in [[Montpellier]] in the [[Languedoc-Roussillon]] [[région in France|région]] of the south of France. Its present-day successor universities are the [[University of Montpellier 1]], [[Montpellier 2 University]] and [[Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III]]. |
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| - | Ibn Sīnā's ''Canon of Medicine'' provides a complete system of medicine according to the principles of [[Galen]] (and [[Hippocrates]]). | + | |
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| - | [[George Sarton]], an early author of the [[history of science]], wrote in the ''Introduction to the History of Science'': | + | |
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| - | :"One of the most famous exponents of Muslim [[universalism]] and an eminent figure in [[Islamic science|Islamic learning]] was Ibn Sina, known in the West as Avicenna (981-1037). For a thousand years he has retained his original renown as one of the greatest thinkers and [[Islamic medicine|medical scholars]] in history. His most important medical works are the [[The Canon of Medicine|Qanun (Canon)]] and a treatise on [[Heart|Cardiac]] [[drug]]s. The '[[The Canon of Medicine|Qanun fi-l-Tibb]]' is an immense encyclopedia of medicine. It contains some of the most illuminating thoughts pertaining to distinction of [[mediastinitis]] from [[pleurisy]]; [[Infectious disease|contagious nature]] of [[Tuberculosis|phthisis]]; distribution of diseases by water and soil; careful description of skin troubles; of [[sexual disease]]s and [[perversion]]s; of [[Anxiety|nervous ailments]]." | + | |
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| - | ===Psychology=== | + | |
| - | In [[Muslim psychology]] and the [[neuroscience]]s, Avicenna was a pioneer of [[neuropsychiatry]]. He first described numerous neuropsychiatric conditions, including [[hallucination]], [[insomnia]], [[mania]], [[nightmare]], [[melancholia]], [[dementia]], [[epilepsy]], [[paralysis]], [[stroke]], [[vertigo (medical)|vertigo]] and [[tremor]]. | + | |
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| - | Avicenna was also a pioneer in [[psychophysiology]] and [[psychosomatic medicine]]. He recognized '[[physiological psychology]]' in the treatment of illnesses involving [[emotion]]s, and developed a system for associating changes in the [[pulse]] rate with inner feelings, which is seen as an anticipation of the [[word association]] test attributed to [[Carl Jung]]. Avicenna is reported to have treated a very ill patient by "feeling the patient's pulse and reciting aloud to him the names of provinces, districts, towns, streets, and people." He noticed how the patient's pulse increased when certain names were mentioned, from which Avicenna deduced that the patient was in love with a girl whose home Avicenna was "able to locate by the digital examination." Avicenna advised the patient to marry the girl he is in love with, and the patient soon recovered from his illness after his marriage. | + | |
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| - | In ''The Canon of Medicine'', Avicenna dealt with [[neuropsychiatry]] and described a number of neuropsychiatric conditions, including [[melancholia]]. He described melancholia as a [[depression (mood)|depressive]] type of [[mood disorder]] in which the person may become suspicious and develop certain types of [[phobia]]s. | + | |
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The University of Montpellier (Template:Lang-fr) was a French university in Montpellier in the Languedoc-Roussillon région of the south of France. Its present-day successor universities are the University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier 2 University and Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "University of Montpellier" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
