Topology  

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In philosophy, especially metaphysics, the book Process and Reality by Alfred North Whitehead sets out its author's philosophy of organism, also called process philosophy. The book, published in 1929, is a revision of the Gifford Lectures he gave in 1927-28.

Process philosophy lays the groundwork for a paradigm of subjectivity, which Whitehead calls a "completed metaphysical language." (p. 18)

"We diverge from Descartes by holding that what he has described as primary attributes of physical bodies, are really the forms of internal relationships between actual occasions. Such a change of thought is the shift from materialism to Organic Realism, as a basic idea of physical science." , p. 471.

A signal technical feature of Process and Reality is the way its ontology is grounded in mereotopology, a mathematical formalism combining mereological and topological notions.

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