Terrorism
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
"Terror is as much a part of the concept of truth as runniness is of the concept of jam." --Jean Baudrillard, Cool Memories "We cannot let the terrorists achieve the objective of frightening our nation to the point where we don’t conduct business. Where people don’t shop."--George W. Bush, video transcript, October 11, 2001, cited in Surplus: Terrorized into Being Consumers (2003) by Erik Gandini |
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Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentional violence for political or religious purposes. It is used in this regard primarily to refer to violence during peacetime or in the context of war against non-combatants (mostly civilians and neutral military personnel). The terms "terrorist" and "terrorism" originated during the French Revolution of the late 18th century but gained mainstream popularity in the 1970s during the conflicts of Northern Ireland, the Basque Country and Palestine. The increased use of suicide attacks from the 1980s onwards was typified by the September 11 attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C. in 2001.
There are various different definitions of terrorism, with no universal agreement about it. Terrorism is a charged term. It is often used with the connotation of something that is "morally wrong". Governments and non-state groups use the term to abuse or denounce opposing groups. Varied political organizations have been accused of using terrorism to achieve their objectives. These include right-wing and left-wing political organizations, nationalist groups, religious groups, revolutionaries and ruling governments. Legislation declaring terrorism a crime has been adopted in many states. When terrorism is perpetrated by nation states, it is not considered terrorism by the state conducting it, making legality a largely grey-area issue.
The Global Terrorism Database, maintained by the University of Maryland, College Park, has recorded more than 61,000 incidents of non-state terrorism, resulting in at least 140,000 deaths, between 2000 and 2014.
See also
- Archives of Terror
- Christian terrorism
- Crimes against humanity
- Cyberterrorism
- Definitions of terrorism
- Domestic terrorism in the United States
- Economics of terrorism
- Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism
- Global Terrorism Index
- House of Terror
- Islamic extremism
- Islamic terrorism
- Jewish religious terrorism
- Jihadi tourism
- Khalistan movement
- List of causes of death by rate
- List of designated terrorist groups
- List of terrorist incidents
- Lynching in the United States
- Narcoterrorism
- Nationalist terrorism
- National Counter Terrorism Security Office
- Saffron terror
- State terrorism
- Suicide attack
- Terrorism in Russia
- Terrorism and tourism in Egypt
- Terrorism in the European Union
- Victims of Acts of Terror Memorial
- War on Terror
- Violent extremism
- Eco-terrorism
- Agro-terrorism
- Environmental terrorism}}
- September 11, 2001 attacks
- Activism
- Resistance movement
- Weatherman (organization)
- Red Army Faction