Studio One (recording studio)  

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-'''Edward O'Sullivan Lee''' (23 August 1941 – 6 October 2020), better known by the name '''Bunny "Striker" Lee''', was a [[Jamaican record producer]] and one of the major forces in the [[Jamaican music]] industry. Bunny Lee has produced artists such as [[Derrick Morgan]], [[Slim Smith]], [[Eric Donaldson]] and [[Delroy Wilson]] and created a body of work that is considered some of the finest Jamaican music of its kind.  
-==Biography==+'''Studio One''' was a [[recording studio]] located in [[Doraville, Georgia]], a suburban hamlet northeast of [[Atlanta]]. The address was 3864 Oakcliff Industrial Court, Doraville GA 30340. It is now occupied by a non related business and used as a warehouse.
-Bunny Lee began his career working as a [[record plugger]] for [[Duke Reid]]'s Treasure Isle label in 1962, He then moved on to work with [[Ken Lack]], initially in an administrative role, before taking on engineering duties. Lee then moved into producing (i.e. financing) records himself, his first hit record coming with [[Roy Shirley]]'s "Music Field" on [[WIRL]] in 1967. Lee then set up his own ''Lee's'' label, the first release being Lloyd Jackson's "Listen to the Beat". He produced further hits during 1967-68 by [[Lester Sterling]] and [[Stranger Cole]], [[Derrick Morgan]], [[Slim Smith]] and [[The Uniques (Jamaican group)|The Uniques]] ("My Conversation"), [[Pat Kelly (musician)|Pat Kelly]], and [[The Sensations]], establishing him as one of Jamaica's top producers. Between 1969 and 1972 he produced classic hits including Slim Smith's "Everybody Needs Love", [[Delroy Wilson]]'s "Better Must Come", [[Eric Donaldson]]'s "Cherry Oh Baby", and [[John Holt (singer)|John Holt]]'s "Stick By Me".+
-Lee was a pioneer of the United Kingdom reggae market, licensing his productions to the Palmer Brothers ([[Pama Records|Pama]]) and [[Trojan Records]] in the early 1970s.+==Albums recorded at Studio One==
- +
-The mid-1970s saw Lee work with his most successful singer, [[Johnny Clarke]], as well as [[Owen Gray]] and [[Cornell Campbell]], and along with [[Lee "Scratch" Perry]], he broke the dominance of [[Coxsone Dodd]] and [[Duke Reid]]. This era also saw the emergence of the "flying cymbal" sound on Lee's productions, developed by drummer Carlton 'Santa' Davis, with Lee's session band, [[The Aggrovators]].+
- +
-Lee was instrumental in producing early [[dub music]], working with his friend and dub pioneer [[King Tubby]] in the early 1970s. Lee and Tubby were experimenting with new production techniques which Lee described as "implements of sound." Working with equipment that today would be considered primitive and limiting, they produced tracks that consisted of mostly the rhythm parts mixed with distorted or altered versions of a song.+
- +
-<blockquote>With all the bass and drum ting now, dem ting just start by accident, a man sing off key, an when you a reach a dat you drop out everything an leave the drum, an lick in the bass, an cause a confusion an people like it...</blockquote>+
- +
-Lee encouraged Tubby to mix increasingly wild dubs, sometimes including sound effects such as thunder claps and gunshots. In addition to King Tubby, dub mixers [[King Jammy|Prince Jammy]] and [[Philip Smart]] also worked extensively on Lee's productions, with most of Lee's dubs from 1976 onwards mixed by Jammy.+
- +
-In addition to dub sides and instrumentals, Lee would be one of the first producers to realize the potential of reusing the same rhythm tracks time and time again with different singers and [[Deejay (Jamaican)|deejays]], partly out of necessity - unlike some of the other major producers Lee did not have his own studio and had to make the most of the studio time he paid for.+
- +
-The latter half of the 1970s saw Lee work with some of Jamaica's top new talent, including [[Linval Thompson]], [[Leroy Smart]], and [[Barry Brown (singer)|Barry Brown]].+
- +
-By 1977 [[Joe Gibbs (record producer)|Joe Gibbs]] and [[Channel One Studios]] with the [[Joseph Hoo Kim|Hookim Brothers]] became "the place to be", reducing Lee's prominence. However, during the late 1970s Lee produced almost every [[Deejay (Jamaican)|deejay]], notably [[Dennis Alcapone]], [[U-Roy]], [[I-Roy]], [[Prince Jazzbo]], [[U Brown]], [[Dr Alimantado]], [[Jah Stitch]], [[Trinity (musician)|Trinity]], and [[Tapper Zukie]]. Most of these were quick productions, usually to classic [[Studio One (recording studio)|Studio One]] or [[Treasure Isle]] [[riddim]]s. The aim was to get deejay versions on the street quickly and were usually voiced at Tubby's studio in the Waterhouse district of [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]. In the early 1980s, Lee purchased Gibbs' studio, and continued producing, albeit on a less prolific basis than in the 1970s.+
- +
-In 1982 an episode of the [[Channel 4]] documentary series ''Deep Roots'' was dedicated to Lee. Filmed in the control room of [[King Tubby]]'s studio it included a lengthy conversation with him and some of the musicians he has worked with over the years including [[Delroy Wilson]], [[Johnny Clarke]], [[Prince Jazzbo]] and [[Jackie Edwards (musician)|Jackie Edwards]]. It then shows Lee producing a dub while [[Prince Jammy]] mixes. The program has been released on DVD in January 2008.+
- +
-In 2013 a new documentary film will be released. "I Am The Gorgon - Bunny 'Striker' Lee and the Roots of Reggae", directed by Diggory Kenrick, tells the story of Lee's life from childhood to the present, featuring U Roy, Dennis Alcapone, Lee "Scratch" Perry, Sly and Robbie, Johnny Clarke, John Holt and many more.+
- +
-==See also==+
-* [[Errol Lee]]+
 +*''Atlanta Rhythm Section'' (1972) - Atlanta Rhythm Section
 +*''Elf'' (1972) - [[Elf (album)|Elf]] ([[Ronnie James Dio]])
 +*''[[(pronounced 'lĕh-'nérd 'skin-'nérd)]]'' (1973) – Lynyrd Skynyrd
 +*''[[Back Up Against the Wall]]'' (1973) - Atlanta Rhythm Section
 +*''[[Third Annual Pipe Dream]]'' (1974) - Atlanta Rhythm Section
 +*''"[[Sweet Home Alabama]]"'' (only song recorded there for "Second Helping" album) (1974) - Lynyrd Skynyrd
 +*''[[Nuthin' Fancy]]'' (1975) - Lynyrd Skynyrd
 +*''[[Dog Days (Atlanta Rhythm Section album)|Dog Days]]'' (1975) - Atlanta Rhythm Section
 +*''[[Red Tape (album)|Red Tape]]'' (1976) - Atlanta Rhythm Section
 +*''[[A Rock and Roll Alternative]]'' (1976) - Atlanta Rhythm Section
 +*''[[Moonlight Feels Right]]'' (1976) - Starbuck
 +*''[[Street Survivors]]'' (1977) - Lynyrd Skynyrd
 +*''Stillwater'' (1977) - [[Stillwater (band)|Stillwater]]
 +*''[[Champagne Jam]]'' (1978) - Atlanta Rhythm Section
 +*''Super Jam 1'' (1978) - Southern Rock All-Stars
 +*''Blackbird'' (1979) - [http://www.mosejones.com Mose Jones]
 +*''I Reserve the Right!'' (1979) - Stillwater
 +*''[[Rockin' into the Night]]'' (1979) - .38 Special
 +*''Play It As It Lays'' (1979) - [[Alicia Bridges]]
 +*''Wild-Eyed Southern Boys'' (1981) - .38 Special
 +*''Running Free'' (1981, not released until 1997) - Stillwater
 +*''[[Tour de Force (38 Special album)|Tour de Force]]'' (1983) - .38 Special
 +*''[[Here, There & Back]]'' (1983) - Allen Collins Band
 +*''Jamboree'' (1986) - Guadalcanal Diary
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Studio One was a recording studio located in Doraville, Georgia, a suburban hamlet northeast of Atlanta. The address was 3864 Oakcliff Industrial Court, Doraville GA 30340. It is now occupied by a non related business and used as a warehouse.

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Albums recorded at Studio One


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