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-	{{Template}}	+	#redirect [[Public policy]]
-	'''Progressivism''' is the support for or [[advocacy]] of improvement of society by [[social reform|reform]]. As a [[philosophy]], it is based on the [[idea of progress]], which asserts that advancements in [[science]], [[technology]], [[economic development]] and [[social organization]] are vital to the improvement of the [[human condition]].	+
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-	The meanings of progressivism have varied over time and from different perspectives. Progressivism became highly significant during the [[Age of Enlightenment]] in Europe, out of the belief that Europe was demonstrating that societies could progress in [[civility]] from uncivilized conditions to civilization through strengthening the basis of [[empirical evidence|empirical knowledge]] as the foundation of society. Figures of the Enlightenment believed that progress had [[Universal (metaphysics)|universal]] application to all societies and that these ideas would spread across the world from Europe.	+
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-	The contemporary common political conception of progressivism in the [[Western culture|culture of the Western world]] emerged from the vast [[social change]]s brought about by [[industrialization]] in the Western world in the late-19th century. Progressives in the early-20th century took the view that progress was being stifled by vast [[economic inequality]] between the rich and the poor; minimally regulated ''[[laissez-faire]]'' [[capitalism]] with [[monopoly|monopolistic]] [[corporation]]s; and intense and often violent conflict between workers and capitalists, thus claiming that measures were needed to address these problems. Early-20th century progressivism was also tied to [[eugenics]] Contemporary progressives promote [[public policies]] that they believe will lead to positive social change.	+
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-	== Progressivism in philosophy and politics ==	+
-	=== From the Enlightenment to the Industrial Revolution ===	+
-	[[Immanuel Kant]] identified progress as being a movement away from barbarism towards civilization. 18th-century philosopher and political scientist [[Marquis de Condorcet]] predicted that political progress would involve the disappearance of slavery, the rise of literacy, the lessening of inequalities between the sexes, reforms of harsh prisons and the decline of poverty. "[[Modernity]]" or "modernization" was a key form of the idea of progress as promoted by [[Classical liberalism|classical liberals]] in the 19th and 20th centuries who called for the rapid modernization of the economy and society to remove the traditional hindrances to [[free market]]s and [[Freedom of movement|free movements]] of people. German philosopher [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] was influential in promoting the idea of progress in European philosophy by emphasizing a [[Philosophy of history#Cyclical and linear history|linear-progressive conception of history]] and rejecting a cyclical conception of history. [[Karl Marx]] applied to his writings the [[Hegelianism|Hegelian]] conception of linear-progressive history, the modernization of the economy through industrialization and criticisms of the social class structure of industrial capitalist societies. As industrialization grew, concerns over its effects grew beyond [[Marxism|Marxists]] and other radical critiques and became mainstream.	+
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-	=== Contemporary mainstream political conception ===	+
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-	In the late 19th century, a political view rose in popularity in the Western world that progress was being stifled by vast [[economic inequality]] between the rich and the poor, minimally regulated ''[[laissez-faire]]'' [[capitalism]] with out-of-control [[Monopoly|monopolistic]] [[corporation]]s, intense and often violent conflict between workers and capitalists and a need for measures to address these problems. Progressivism has influenced various political movements. [[social liberalism|Modern liberalism]] was influenced by [[Liberalism|liberal]] philosopher [[John Stuart Mill]]'s conception of people being "progressive beings". British Prime Minister [[Benjamin Disraeli]] developed [[progressive conservatism]] under "[[One-nation conservatism|one-nation]]" [[Toryism]]. Similarly in [[German Empire|Imperial Germany]], Chancellor [[Otto von Bismarck]] enacted various progressive [[social welfare]] measures out of conservative motivations to distance workers from the socialist movement of the time and as humane ways to assist in maintaining the [[Industrial Revolution]]. Proponents of [[social democracy]] have identified themselves as promoting the progressive cause. The [[Roman Catholic Church]] encyclical ''[[Rerum novarum]]'' issued by [[Pope Leo XIII]] in 1891 condemned the exploitation of labour and urged support for labour unions and government regulation of businesses in the interests of social justice while upholding the rights of private property and criticizing socialism. A [[Protestantism|Protestant]] progressive outlook called the [[Social Gospel]] emerged in North America that focused on challenging economic exploitation and poverty and by the mid-1890s was common in many Protestant theological seminaries in the United States.	+
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-	In the United States, progressivism began as a social movement in the 1890s and grew into a political movement in what was known as the [[Progressive Era]]. While the term "American progressives" represent a range of diverse political pressure groups (not always united), some American progressives rejected [[social Darwinism]], believing that the problems society faced (poverty, violence, greed, racism and class warfare) could best be addressed by providing good education, a safe environment, and an efficient workplace. Progressives lived mainly in the cities, were college educated and believed that government could be a tool for change. American President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] and later the [[Progressive Party (United States, 1912)|Progressive Party]] declared that he "always believed that wise progressivism and wise conservatism go hand in hand". President [[Woodrow Wilson]] was also a member of the American progressive movement within the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]].	+
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-	Progressive stances have evolved over time. [[Imperialism]] was a controversial issue within progressivism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in the United States where some progressives supported [[American imperialism]] while others opposed it.	+
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-	In response to [[World War I]], progressive President Woodrow Wilson's [[Fourteen Points]] established the concept of national [[self-determination]] and criticized imperialist competition and colonial injustices; these views were supported by [[Anti-imperialism|anti-imperialists]] in areas of the world that were resisting imperial rule. During the period of acceptance of economic [[Keynesianism]] (1930s to 1970s), there was widespread acceptance in many nations of a large role for [[economic interventionism|state intervention in the economy]]. With the rise of [[neoliberalism]] and challenges to state [[Interventionism (politics)|interventionist]] policies in the 1970s and 1980s, [[centre-left politics|centre-left]] progressive movements responded by creating the [[Third Way]] that emphasized a major role for the [[market economy]]. There have been [[Social democracy|social democrats]] who have called for the social democratic movement to move past Third Way. Prominent [[Progressive conservatism|progressive conservative]] elements in the [[Conservative Party (UK)|British Conservative Party]] have criticized neoliberalism.	+
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-	== See also ==	+
-	*[[Centre-left]]	+
-	*[[Constitutional economics]]	+
-	*[[Political economy]]	+
-	*[[Rule according to higher law]]	+
-	*[[Independent Media Center]]	+
-	*[[Progressive education]]	+
-	* [[Progressive Era]]	+
-	* [[Progressive conservatism]]	+
-	* [[Socialism]]	+
-	*[[Social democracy]]	+
-	*[[Welfare state]]	+
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-	{{GFDL}}	+

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1. redirect Public policy