Lisztomania
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| - | :''For the film, see [[The Stendhal Syndrome]]''. | ||
| - | '''Stendhal syndrome''', '''Stendhal's syndrome''', '''hyperkulturemia''', or '''Florence syndrome''' is a [[psychosomatic]] disorder that causes [[Tachycardia|rapid heartbeat]], dizziness, [[Syncope (medicine)|fainting]], confusion and even [[hallucination]]s when an individual is exposed to an experience of great personal significance, particularly viewing [[art]]. It is not listed as a recognised condition in the ''[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]]''. | + | '''Lisztomania''' or '''Liszt fever''' was the intense fan frenzy directed toward Hungarian composer [[Franz Liszt]] during his performances. This frenzy first occurred in Berlin in 1841 and the term was later coined by [[Heinrich Heine]] in a [[feuilleton]] he wrote on April 25, 1844, discussing the 1844 Parisian concert season. Lisztomania was characterized by intense levels of [[hysteria]] demonstrated by fans, akin to the treatment of [[celebrity]] musicians today – but in a time not known for such musical excitement. |
| - | ==History== | + | == See also == |
| - | The illness is named after the 19th-century French author [[Stendhal]] (pseudonym of Marie-Henri Beyle), who described his experience with the phenomenon during his 1817 visit to [[Florence]] in his book ''Naples and Florence: A Journey from Milan to Reggio''. | + | * [[Stendhal syndrome]] |
| - | + | * [[Collective behaviour]] | |
| - | When he visited the [[Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence|Basilica of Santa Croce]], where [[Niccolò Machiavelli]], [[Michelangelo]] and [[Galileo Galilei]] are buried, he was overcome with emotion. He wrote:{{quote|I was in a sort of ecstasy, from the idea of being in Florence, close to the great men whose tombs I had seen. Absorbed in the contemplation of sublime beauty ... I reached the point where one encounters celestial sensations ... Everything spoke so vividly to my soul. Ah, if I could only forget. I had palpitations of the heart, what in Berlin they call 'nerves'. Life was drained from me. I walked with the fear of falling. | + | * [[Fad]] |
| - | + | * [[Beatlemania]] | |
| - | He had been shown the frescoes in the church including those by [[Giotto]], and modern writers frequently attribute his emotions mistakenly to the latter rather than powerful historical associations of the tombs. | + | * [[Lisztomania (film)|''Lisztomania'' (film)]] |
| - | + | * [[Lisztomania (song)|"Lisztomania" (song)]] | |
| - | Although psychiatrists have long debated whether it really exists, its effects on some sufferers are serious enough for them to require treatment in hospital and even antidepressants. The staff at Florence's Santa Maria Nuova hospital are accustomed to dealing with tourists suffering from dizzy spells and disorientation after admiring the statue of David, the masterpieces of the Uffizi Gallery and other treasures of the Tuscan city. | + | |
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| - | Even though there are many descriptions of people becoming dizzy and fainting while taking in Florentine art, especially at the aforementioned [[Uffizi]] in Florence, dating from the early 19th century on, the syndrome was only named in 1979, when it was described by Italian psychiatrist [[Graziella Magherini]], who observed and described more than 100 similar cases among tourists and visitors in Florence. There is no scientific evidence to define the Stendhal syndrome as a specific psychiatric disorder; on the other hand there is evidence that the same cerebral areas involved in emotional reactions are activated during the exposure to artworks. | + | |
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| - | ==See also== | + | |
| - | * [[Lisztomania]] | + | |
| - | * [[Jerusalem syndrome]] | + | |
| - | * [[Paris syndrome]] | + | |
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Lisztomania or Liszt fever was the intense fan frenzy directed toward Hungarian composer Franz Liszt during his performances. This frenzy first occurred in Berlin in 1841 and the term was later coined by Heinrich Heine in a feuilleton he wrote on April 25, 1844, discussing the 1844 Parisian concert season. Lisztomania was characterized by intense levels of hysteria demonstrated by fans, akin to the treatment of celebrity musicians today – but in a time not known for such musical excitement.
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