Environmental racism
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| - | '''Opposition to immigration''' is present in most nation-states with immigration, and has become a significant political issue in many countries. [[Immigration]] in the modern sense refers to movement of people from one [[nation-state]] to another, where they are not [[citizenship|citizens]]. | + | '''Environmental racism''' is a term used to describe environmental injustice within a racialized context. In some Western nations, environmental racism refers to socially [[marginalized]] racial minority communities which are subjected to disproportionate exposure of pollutants, the denial of access to sources of ecological benefits (such as clean air, water, and natural resources), or both. Within an international context, environmental marginalization may apply to disadvantaged [[social metabolism|ecological relationships]] between industrialized nations and the [[Global South]], and is often associated with [[colonialism]], [[neoliberalism]], and [[globalization]]. Instances of environmental racism can include exposure to toxic waste, flooding, pollution from heavy industrial or natural resource extraction developments, lack of utilities such as clean water, or exclusion from land management and natural resource-related decision making. |
| - | The four main anti-immigration themes are: psychological [[xenophobia]] (dislike and fear of foreigners), economic costs (especially job competition and the expenses of schools and social services), negative [[environmentalism|environmental]] impact such as accelerated population growth, and the distortion of the [[national identity]]. Opposition to immigration can be directed at the immigrants themselves or their culture, language and religion; opponents often focus on employers of the immigrants. | + | Historically, the term is tied to the [[environmental justice]] social movement that began in the 1970s and 1980s in the United States. There is discourse on environmental racism in the U.S. among progressive academics and climate advocacy groups who focus on cases from other countries. |
| - | In countries where the majority of the population is of immigrant descent, such as the [[United States]], opposition to immigration often takes the form of [[nativism]] (targeted only at 'first-generation' immigrants). | + | On the international level, policies that have been described as environmentally racist include corporations exporting dirty technologies, dangerous chemicals or waste materials banned by domestic laws to developing countries, with lax environmental policies and safety practices ([[pollution haven]]s). |
| - | == See also == | + | |
| - | *[[Human capital flight]] | + | ==See also== |
| - | *[[Economic migrant]] | + | * [[Antiziganism#Environmental struggles]] |
| - | *[[Economic growth#Criticism]] | + | * [[Cancer Alley]] |
| - | *[[Emigration]] | + | * [[Climate change and poverty]] |
| - | *[[Environmental migrant]] | + | * [[Environmental inequality in the United Kingdom]] |
| - | *[[Environmental racism]] | + | * [[Environmental racism in Europe]] |
| - | *[[Immigration policy]] | + | * [[Hawks Nest Tunnel Disaster]] |
| - | *[[Immigration reduction in the United States]] | + | * [[Health inequality and environmental influence]] |
| - | *[[Immigration reform]] | + | * [[Planned shrinkage]]: the deliberate removal of city services from impoverished neighborhoods |
| - | *[[International Organization for Migration]] | + | * [[Pollution in the United States#Environmental Discrimination]] |
| - | *[[Immigration and crime]] | + | * [[Race and health]] |
| - | *[[People smuggling]] | + | * [[Triangle of death (Italy)|Triangle of Death]] |
| - | *[[Political asylum]] | + | * [[Uranium mining and the Navajo people]] |
| - | *[[Right of foreigners to vote]] | + | |
| - | *[[Refugee]] | + | |
| - | *[[Rivers of Blood speech]] | + | |
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Environmental racism is a term used to describe environmental injustice within a racialized context. In some Western nations, environmental racism refers to socially marginalized racial minority communities which are subjected to disproportionate exposure of pollutants, the denial of access to sources of ecological benefits (such as clean air, water, and natural resources), or both. Within an international context, environmental marginalization may apply to disadvantaged ecological relationships between industrialized nations and the Global South, and is often associated with colonialism, neoliberalism, and globalization. Instances of environmental racism can include exposure to toxic waste, flooding, pollution from heavy industrial or natural resource extraction developments, lack of utilities such as clean water, or exclusion from land management and natural resource-related decision making.
Historically, the term is tied to the environmental justice social movement that began in the 1970s and 1980s in the United States. There is discourse on environmental racism in the U.S. among progressive academics and climate advocacy groups who focus on cases from other countries.
On the international level, policies that have been described as environmentally racist include corporations exporting dirty technologies, dangerous chemicals or waste materials banned by domestic laws to developing countries, with lax environmental policies and safety practices (pollution havens).
See also
- Antiziganism#Environmental struggles
- Cancer Alley
- Climate change and poverty
- Environmental inequality in the United Kingdom
- Environmental racism in Europe
- Hawks Nest Tunnel Disaster
- Health inequality and environmental influence
- Planned shrinkage: the deliberate removal of city services from impoverished neighborhoods
- Pollution in the United States#Environmental Discrimination
- Race and health
- Triangle of Death
- Uranium mining and the Navajo people
