Artificial island
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| + | An '''[[artificial]] island''' or '''man-made island''' is an [[island]] or [[archipelago]] that has been constructed by people rather than formed by natural means. They are created by expanding existing islets, construction on existing [[reef]]s, or amalgamating several natural islets into a bigger island. | ||
| - | The [[garden]] at Ermenonville was one of the earliest and finest examples of the [[French landscape garden]]. The garden at Ermenonville was planned by Marquis [[René Louis de Girardin]], the friend and final patron of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Girardin's master plan drew its inspiration from Rousseau's novels and philosophy of the nobility of Nature. Rousseau's tomb is prominently situated on the [[artificial island]] in Ermenonville's lake. It is remarked that [[Hubert Robert]] was the architect. Created with care and craft, the garden came to resemble a natural environment, almost a wilderness, appearing untouched by any human intervention. Girardin admired the work of [[William Shenstone]] at [[The Leasowes]] and made a {{lang|fr|''[[ferme ornee]]''}} ({{lang|en|Ornate<!--not sure the best tr here --> Farm}}) at Ermenonville. An imitation of Rousseau's island is at [[Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm]], Germany. | + | Early artificial islands included [[floating island|floating]] structures in still waters, or [[wood]]en or [[megalith]]ic structures erected in shallow waters (e.g., [[crannóg]]s and [[Nan Madol]] discussed below). In modern times artificial islands are usually formed by [[land reclamation]], but some are formed by the incidental isolation of an existing piece of land during [[canal]] construction (e.g. [[Donauinsel]] and [[Dithmarschen]]), or flooding of valleys resulting in the tops of former knolls getting isolated by water (e.g. [[Barro Colorado Island]]). |
| - | During the early nineteenth century it was much visited and admired.{{cn|date=February 2011}} The garden at Ermenonville was described by Girardin's son in 1811 in an elegant tour-book with [[aquatint]] plates that reveal Girardin's love of diverse vistas that capture painterly landscape effects. Enhancing the elegiac mood of these views were the altars and monuments, the 'Rustic Temple', and other details meant to evoke Rousseau's ''[[Julie, ou la nouvelle Héloïse]]''. | + | Some recent developments have been made more in the manner of [[oil platform]]s (e.g., [[Principality of Sealand|Sealand]] and [[Republic of Rose Island]]). |
| - | Nearby is Rousseau's 'cabin' in the secluded désert of Ermenonville. | + | Artificial islands may vary in size from small islets reclaimed solely to support a single pillar of a building or structure, to those that support entire communities and cities. |
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| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | * [[Chinampa]] | ||
| + | * [[Crannóg]] | ||
| + | * [[Floating island]] | ||
| + | * [[Land reclamation]] | ||
| + | * [[List of artificial islands]] | ||
| + | * [[Ocean colonization]] | ||
| - | Napoleon Bonaparte visited Ermenonville, where he remarked to Girardin that it might have been better for the French peace that neither he nor Rousseau had ever been born. Girardin retold this story again and again after the fact. | ||
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An artificial island or man-made island is an island or archipelago that has been constructed by people rather than formed by natural means. They are created by expanding existing islets, construction on existing reefs, or amalgamating several natural islets into a bigger island.
Early artificial islands included floating structures in still waters, or wooden or megalithic structures erected in shallow waters (e.g., crannógs and Nan Madol discussed below). In modern times artificial islands are usually formed by land reclamation, but some are formed by the incidental isolation of an existing piece of land during canal construction (e.g. Donauinsel and Dithmarschen), or flooding of valleys resulting in the tops of former knolls getting isolated by water (e.g. Barro Colorado Island).
Some recent developments have been made more in the manner of oil platforms (e.g., Sealand and Republic of Rose Island).
Artificial islands may vary in size from small islets reclaimed solely to support a single pillar of a building or structure, to those that support entire communities and cities.
See also
