Animal migration
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| + | '''Animal migration''' is the relatively long-distance movement of individuals, usually on a seasonal basis. It is a ubiquitous phenomenon, found in all major animal groups, including [[bird]]s, [[mammal]]s, [[fish]], [[reptiles]], [[amphibian]]s, [[insect]]s, and [[crustacean]]s. | ||
| - | '''Swarm behaviour''', or '''swarming''', is a [[Collective animal behaviour|collective behaviour]] exhibited by animals of similar size which aggregate together, perhaps milling about the same spot or perhaps moving ''en masse'' or [[Animal migration|migrating]] in some direction. As a term, ''swarming'' is applied particularly to insects, but can also be applied to any other animal that exhibits swarm behaviour. The term ''[[flocking (behavior)|flocking]]'' is usually used to refer specifically to swarm behaviour in birds, ''[[herd behaviour|herding]]'' to refer to swarm behaviour in quadrupeds, [[shoaling and schooling|''shoaling'' or ''schooling'']] to refer to swarm behaviour in fish. [[Phytoplankton]] also gather in huge swarms called [[Algal bloom|''blooms'']], although these organisms are [[algae]] and are not self propelled the way animals are. By extension, the term swarm is applied also to inanimate entities which exhibit parallel behaviours, as in a [[Swarm robotics|robot swarm]], an [[earthquake swarm]], or a swarm of stars. | ||
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| - | From a more abstract point of view, swarm behaviour is the collective motion of a large number of self-propelled entities. From the perspective of the mathematical modeller, it is an [[emergence|emergent]] behaviour arising from simple rules that are followed by individuals and does not involve any central coordination. | ||
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| - | Swarm behaviour was first simulated on a computer in 1986 with the simulation program [[boids]]. This program simulates simple [[Agent-based model in biology|agents]] (boids) that are allowed to move according to a set of basic rules. The model was originally designed to mimic the flocking behaviour of birds, but it can be applied also to schooling fish and other swarming entities. | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | * [[Dyson swarm]] | + | * [[Animal navigation]] |
| - | * [[List of collective nouns]] | + | * [[Bird migration]] |
| - | * [[Mobile Bay jubilee]] | + | * [[Diel vertical migration]] |
| - | * [[Swarm (simulation)]] | + | * [[Human migration]] |
| - | * [[Traffic wave]] | + | * [[Insect migration]] |
| + | * [[Lepidoptera migration]] | ||
| + | * [[Path integration]] | ||
| + | * [[Tracking animal migration]] | ||
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Animal migration is the relatively long-distance movement of individuals, usually on a seasonal basis. It is a ubiquitous phenomenon, found in all major animal groups, including birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, amphibians, insects, and crustaceans.
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See also
- Animal navigation
- Bird migration
- Diel vertical migration
- Human migration
- Insect migration
- Lepidoptera migration
- Path integration
- Tracking animal migration
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Animal migration" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on original research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
