380
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
Revision as of 06:51, 29 October 2020 Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) ← Previous diff |
Current revision Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) |
||
Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
- | [[Christianity]] and traditional [[Roman religion]] proved incompatible. From the 2nd century onward, the [[Church Fathers]] had condemned the diverse non-Christian religions practiced throughout the Empire as "[[pagan]]". | ||
- | [[Constantine]]'s actions have been regarded by some scholars as causing the rapid [[growth of Christianity]], Constantine's unique form of Imperial orthodoxy did not outlast him. After his death in 337, two of his sons, [[Constantius II]] and [[Constans]], took over the leadership of the empire and re-divided their Imperial inheritance. Constantius was an [[Arianism|Arian]] and his brothers were Nicene Christians. | + | Year '''380''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CCCLXXX]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Wednesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Augustus''' (or, less frequently, '''year 1133 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 380 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. |
- | Constantine's nephew [[Julian the Apostate|Julian]] rejected the "Galilean madness" of his upbringing for an idiosyncratic synthesis of [[neo-Platonism]], Stoic asceticism and universal solar cult. Julian became Augustus in 361 and actively but fostered a religious and cultural pluralism, attempting a restitution of non-Christian practices and rights. He proposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem's temple as an Imperial project and argued against the "irrational impieties" of Christian doctrine. His attempt to restore an Augustan form of principate, with himself as ''[[primus inter pares]]'' ended with his death in 363 in Persia, after which his reforms were reversed or abandoned. The empire once again fell under Christian control, this time permanently. | + | == Events == |
+ | <onlyinclude> | ||
+ | === By place === | ||
- | In [[380]], under [[Theodosius I]], [[Nicene Christianity]] became the official [[state church of the Roman Empire|state religion of the Roman Empire]]. [[Christian heresy|Christian heretics]] as well as non-Christians were subject to exclusion from public life or persecution, though Rome's original religious hierarchy and many aspects of its ritual influenced Christian forms, and many pre-Christian beliefs and practices survived in Christian festivals and local traditions. | + | ==== Roman Empire ==== |
+ | * January or February – Emperor [[Theodosius I]] is [[baptism|baptized]]. | ||
+ | * [[February 27]] – [[Edict of Thessalonica]]: Theodosius I, with co-emperors [[Gratian]] and [[Valentinian II]], declare their wish that all [[Roman citizenship|Roman citizens]] convert to trinitarian [[Christianity]], in accordance with the patriarchs of [[Rome]] and [[Alexandria]], implicitly rejecting the [[Arianism]] of the patriarch of [[Constantinople]] as heretical. | ||
+ | * [[Battle of Thessalonica (380)|Battle of Thessalonica]]: The [[Goths]] under [[Fritigern]] defeat a Roman army in [[Macedonia (Roman province)|Macedonia]]. Theodosius I retreats to [[Thessaloniki|Thessalonica]] and leaves Gratian in control of the [[Western Roman Empire]]. | ||
+ | * [[Roman Empire|Rome]]'s enemies (the [[Germans]], [[Sarmatians]] and [[Huns]]) are taken into Imperial service; as a consequence, barbarian leaders begin to play an increasingly active role in the [[Roman Empire]]. | ||
+ | * [[November 24]] – Theodosius I makes his ''[[adventus (ceremony)|adventus]]'', or formal entry, into Constantinople. | ||
+ | * Queen [[Mavia (queen)|Mavia]] defeats, with her [[Saracen]] forces, the [[Late Roman army|Roman army]] in southern [[Syria]]. | ||
- | The Western emperor [[Gratian]] refused the office of ''pontifex maximus'', and against the protests of the senate, removed the [[altar of Victory]] from the senate house and began the disestablishment of the Vestals. [[Theodosius I]] briefly re-united the Empire: in 391 he officially adopted Nicene Christianity as the Imperial religion and ended official support for all other creeds and cults. He not only refused to restore Victory to the senate-house, but extinguished the Sacred fire of the Vestals and vacated their temple: the senatorial protest was expressed in a letter by [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] to the Western and Eastern emperors. [[Ambrose]], the influential [[Bishop of Milan]] and future saint, wrote urging the rejection of Symmachus's request for tolerance. Yet Theodosius accepted comparison with Hercules and Jupiter as a living divinity in the panegyric of [[Pacatus Drepanius|Pacatus]], and despite his active dismantling of Rome's traditional cults and priesthoods could commend his heirs to its overwhelmingly Hellenic senate in traditional Hellenic terms. He was the last emperor of both East and West. | + | ==== Europe ==== |
+ | * The [[Visigoths|Visigothic]] chieftain [[Fritigern]] dies after ravaging the [[Balkans]]; his rival [[Athanaric]] becomes king of the entire Gothic nation. | ||
+ | ==== India ==== | ||
+ | * The annexation of western provinces by [[Chandragupta II]] gives him control over commerce with [[Europe]] and [[Egypt]]. | ||
+ | ==== Pacific ==== | ||
+ | * [[Easter Island]], in the south Pacific Ocean, has been occupied by [[Neolithic]] seafarers under [[Hotu Matu'a]] ("supreme chief"), who about this time begin to fortify the island. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === By topic === | ||
+ | ==== Arts and sciences ==== | ||
+ | * Important works on mathematics and astronomy are written in [[Sanskrit]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Religion ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [[Ticonius]] writes a commentary on the [[Bible]]'s [[Book of Revelation]]. | ||
+ | * A [[cathedral]] is built in [[Trier]] (Germany). | ||
+ | * The [[Council of Saragossa 380|Council of Saragossa]] is held; Spanish and [[Aquitaine|Aquitanian]] bishops condemn the teachings of [[Priscillianism]]. | ||
+ | * [[Ambrose]] introduces popular music into [[church service|church]] services.{{fact|date=April 2015}} | ||
+ | </onlyinclude> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Births == | ||
+ | * [[Aelia Eudoxia]], [[Queen consort|empress]] and wife of [[Arcadius]] (approximate date) | ||
+ | * [[Alexius of Rome|Alexius]], Eastern [[saint]] (approximate date) | ||
+ | * [[Eucherius of Lyon|Eucherius]], [[bishop]] of [[Lyon]] (approximate date) | ||
+ | * [[Eutyches]], [[presbyter]] and [[archimandrite]] (approximate date) | ||
+ | * [[Hephaestion of Thebes]], Egyptian [[astrologer]] (approximate date) | ||
+ | * [[Kālidāsa]], [[Sanskrit|Classical Sanskrit]] writer (approximate date) | ||
+ | * [[Olympiodorus of Thebes]], [[History|historical]] writer (approximate date) | ||
+ | * [[Peter Chrysologus]], [[bishop of Ravenna]] (approximate date) | ||
+ | * [[Philip of Side]], [[Christianity|Christian]] church [[historian]] (approximate date) | ||
+ | * [[Socrates of Constantinople]], church historian (approximate date) | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Deaths == | ||
+ | * [[April 10]] – [[James, Azadanus and Abdicius]], [[Roman Catholic]] priests, martyrs and saints | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Date Unknown === | ||
+ | * [[Fritigern]], king of the [[Visigoths]] | ||
+ | * [[Samudragupta]], ruler of the [[Gupta Empire]] | ||
+ | * [[Empress Wang Fahui|Wang Fahui]], empress of the [[Jin dynasty (265-420)|Jin dynasty]] (b. [[AD 360|360]]) | ||
{{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} |
Current revision
"In 380, under Theodosius I, Nicene Christianity became the official state religion of the Roman Empire. Christian heretics as well as non-Christians were subject to exclusion from public life or persecution, though Rome's original religious hierarchy and many aspects of its ritual influenced Christian forms, and many pre-Christian beliefs and practices survived in Christian festivals and local traditions."--Sholem Stein |
Related e |
Featured: |
Year 380 (CCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Augustus (or, less frequently, year 1133 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 380 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Contents |
Events
By place
Roman Empire
- January or February – Emperor Theodosius I is baptized.
- February 27 – Edict of Thessalonica: Theodosius I, with co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II, declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to trinitarian Christianity, in accordance with the patriarchs of Rome and Alexandria, implicitly rejecting the Arianism of the patriarch of Constantinople as heretical.
- Battle of Thessalonica: The Goths under Fritigern defeat a Roman army in Macedonia. Theodosius I retreats to Thessalonica and leaves Gratian in control of the Western Roman Empire.
- Rome's enemies (the Germans, Sarmatians and Huns) are taken into Imperial service; as a consequence, barbarian leaders begin to play an increasingly active role in the Roman Empire.
- November 24 – Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal entry, into Constantinople.
- Queen Mavia defeats, with her Saracen forces, the Roman army in southern Syria.
Europe
- The Visigothic chieftain Fritigern dies after ravaging the Balkans; his rival Athanaric becomes king of the entire Gothic nation.
India
- The annexation of western provinces by Chandragupta II gives him control over commerce with Europe and Egypt.
Pacific
- Easter Island, in the south Pacific Ocean, has been occupied by Neolithic seafarers under Hotu Matu'a ("supreme chief"), who about this time begin to fortify the island.
By topic
Arts and sciences
- Important works on mathematics and astronomy are written in Sanskrit.
Religion
- Ticonius writes a commentary on the Bible's Book of Revelation.
- A cathedral is built in Trier (Germany).
- The Council of Saragossa is held; Spanish and Aquitanian bishops condemn the teachings of Priscillianism.
- Ambrose introduces popular music into church services.Template:Fact
Births
- Aelia Eudoxia, empress and wife of Arcadius (approximate date)
- Alexius, Eastern saint (approximate date)
- Eucherius, bishop of Lyon (approximate date)
- Eutyches, presbyter and archimandrite (approximate date)
- Hephaestion of Thebes, Egyptian astrologer (approximate date)
- Kālidāsa, Classical Sanskrit writer (approximate date)
- Olympiodorus of Thebes, historical writer (approximate date)
- Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna (approximate date)
- Philip of Side, Christian church historian (approximate date)
- Socrates of Constantinople, church historian (approximate date)
Deaths
- April 10 – James, Azadanus and Abdicius, Roman Catholic priests, martyrs and saints
Date Unknown
- Fritigern, king of the Visigoths
- Samudragupta, ruler of the Gupta Empire
- Wang Fahui, empress of the Jin dynasty (b. 360)