Self-organization
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Self-organization is a process where some form of global order or coordination arises out of the local interactions between the components of an initially disordered system. This process is spontaneous: it is not directed or controlled by any agent or subsystem inside or outside of the system. It is often triggered by random fluctuations that are amplified by positive feedback. The resulting organization is wholly decentralized or distributed over all the components of the system. As such it is typically very robust and able to survive and self-repair substantial damage or perturbations.
Self-organization occurs in a variety of physical, chemical, biological, social and cognitive systems. Common examples are crystallization, the emergence of convection patterns in a liquid heated from below, chemical oscillators, the invisible hand of the market, swarming in groups of animals, and the way neural networks learn to recognize complex patterns.
See also
- Biology concepts: Bow tie (biology) - evolution - morphogenesis - homeostasis - Gaia Hypothesis
- Chemistry concepts: reaction-diffusion - autocatalysis
- Complex systems concepts: emergence - evolutionary computation - artificial life - self-organized criticality - "edge of chaos" - spontaneous order - metastability - Chaos theory - Butterfly effect
- Computer science concepts: swarm intelligence
- Constructal law
- Information theory
- Mathematics concepts: fractal - random graph - power law - small world phenomenon - cellular automata
- Organization of the artist
- Philosophical concepts: tectology - Religious naturalism
- Physics concepts: thermodynamics - non-equilibrium thermodynamics - constructal theory - statistical mechanics - phase transition - dissipative structures - turbulence
- Social concepts: participatory organization
- Spontaneous order
- Stigmergy
- Systems theory concepts: cybernetics - autopoiesis - polytely
- Santiago theory of cognition
- Anarchism - Anarcho-Capitalism
- Language - Operator Grammar
- Ant mill
