Saxe-Gotha
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Saxe-Gotha (Template:Lang-de) was a short-lived duchy in today's Thuringia, Germany. thumb|left|Gotha: Friedenstein Palace It was established in 1640, when Duke Wilhelm von Saxe-Weimar created a subdivision for his younger brother Ernest I the Pious. Duke Ernest took his residence at Gotha, where he had the Friedenstein Palace built between 1643 and 1654.
In 1644 Ernest inherited large parts of the former Duchy of Saxe-Eisenach upon the death of his brother Albert IV. He could also incorporate several remaining estates of the extinct House of Henneberg in 1660, which had been vacant since 1583. Finally in 1672 he received the major part of Saxe-Altenburg through his wife Elisabeth Sophie, after Altenburg's last duke Frederick William III had died without heirs. Ernest would then be called Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.
When Ernest died in 1675, he left his seven sons a significantly enlarged territory. The eldest, Frederick I at first ruled jointly with his brothers until in 1680 the duchy was divided. The area around Gotha and also Altenburg passed to Frederick I, who retained the title of a Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.
Dukes of Saxe-Gotha
- Ernest I the Pious (1640–75), Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg from 1672
- Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1675-1691), jointly with his brothers until 1680:
- Albert V, became Duke of Saxe-Coburg
- Bernhard I, became Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
- Heinrich, became Duke of Saxe-Römhild
- Christian, became Duke of Saxe-Eisenberg
- Ernest, became Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
- John Ernest IV, became Duke of Saxe-Saalfeld
When the house of Saxe-Gotha and Altenburg became extinct in 1825, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg was split. Saxe-Gotha passed to the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld who in turn gave Saalfeld to Saxe-Meiningen. The Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen received Saxe-Altenburg, and gave the district of Hildburghausen to Saxe-Meiningen.
After the abolition of German monarchies at the end of the First World War it became a part of the newly created state of Thuringia in 1920.
