Politics of Russia
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| - | In the [[politics of Russia|Russian political]] lexicon, a '''''silovik''''' (lit. ''force men'') is a politician who came into politics from the [[intelligence agencies of Russia|security]], [[Russian Armed Forces|military]], or similar services, often the officers of the former [[KGB]], [[GRU]], [[Federal Security Service|FSB]], [[Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)|SVR]], [[Federal Protective Service (Russia)|FSO]], the [[Federal Drug Control Service of Russia|Federal Drug Control Service]], or other armed services who came into power. A similar term is "[[counterintelligence state|securocrat]]" (law enforcement and intelligence officer). | + | The '''politics of Russia''' take place in the framework of the [[federation|federal]] [[semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]] [[republic]] of [[Russia]]. According to the [[Constitution of Russia]], the [[President of Russia]] is [[head of state]], and of a [[multi-party system]] with [[executive power]] exercised by the government, headed by the [[Prime Minister of Russia|Prime Minister]], who is appointed by the President with the parliament's approval. [[Legislative power]] is vested in the [[Bicameralism|two houses]] of the [[Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation]], while the President and the government issue numerous legally binding by-laws. |
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| + | Since the collapse of the [[Soviet Union]] at the end of 1991, Russia has seen serious challenges in its efforts to forge a political system to follow nearly seventy-five years of Soviet governance. For instance, leading figures in the legislative and executive branches have put forth opposing views of Russia's political direction and the governmental instruments that should be used to follow it. That conflict reached a climax in September and October 1993, when President [[Boris Yeltsin]] used military force to dissolve the parliament and called for new legislative elections (''see'' [[Russian constitutional crisis of 1993]]). This event marked the end of Russia's first constitutional period, which was defined by the much-amended [[Russian Constitution of 1978|constitution]] adopted by the [[Supreme Soviet of Russia|Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]] in 1978. [[Constitution of Russia|A new constitution]], creating a strong presidency, was approved by referendum in December 1993. | ||
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| + | With a new constitution and a new parliament representing diverse parties and factions, Russia's political structure subsequently showed signs of stabilization. As the transition period extended into the mid-1990s, the power of the national government continued to wane as Russia's regions gained political and economic concessions from [[Moscow]]. | ||
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| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | *[[Law of the Russian Federation]] | ||
| + | *[[Federation Council of Russia]] | ||
| + | *[[Foreign relations of Russia]] | ||
| + | *[[Human rights in Russia]] | ||
| + | *[[Corruption in Russia]] | ||
| + | *[[History of post-Soviet Russia]] | ||
| + | *[[Economy of Russia]] | ||
| + | *[[Public Chamber of Russia]] | ||
| + | *''[[Project Russia]]'' | ||
| + | *[[Russian presidential administration]] | ||
| + | *[[Sergei Kiriyenko's Cabinet]] (1998) | ||
| + | *[[Yevgeny Primakov's Cabinet]] (1998–1999) | ||
| + | *[[Mikhail Fradkov's Second Cabinet]] (2004–2007) | ||
| + | *[[Electoral geography of Russia]] | ||
| + | *[[Tsarist autocracy]] | ||
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| - | == See also == | ||
| - | * [[Putinism]] | ||
| - | * [[State within a state]] | ||
| - | * [[Police state]] | ||
| - | * [[Counterintelligence state]] | ||
| - | * [[Military junta]] | ||
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The politics of Russia take place in the framework of the federal semi-presidential republic of Russia. According to the Constitution of Russia, the President of Russia is head of state, and of a multi-party system with executive power exercised by the government, headed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President with the parliament's approval. Legislative power is vested in the two houses of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, while the President and the government issue numerous legally binding by-laws.
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, Russia has seen serious challenges in its efforts to forge a political system to follow nearly seventy-five years of Soviet governance. For instance, leading figures in the legislative and executive branches have put forth opposing views of Russia's political direction and the governmental instruments that should be used to follow it. That conflict reached a climax in September and October 1993, when President Boris Yeltsin used military force to dissolve the parliament and called for new legislative elections (see Russian constitutional crisis of 1993). This event marked the end of Russia's first constitutional period, which was defined by the much-amended constitution adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in 1978. A new constitution, creating a strong presidency, was approved by referendum in December 1993.
With a new constitution and a new parliament representing diverse parties and factions, Russia's political structure subsequently showed signs of stabilization. As the transition period extended into the mid-1990s, the power of the national government continued to wane as Russia's regions gained political and economic concessions from Moscow.
See also
- Law of the Russian Federation
- Federation Council of Russia
- Foreign relations of Russia
- Human rights in Russia
- Corruption in Russia
- History of post-Soviet Russia
- Economy of Russia
- Public Chamber of Russia
- Project Russia
- Russian presidential administration
- Sergei Kiriyenko's Cabinet (1998)
- Yevgeny Primakov's Cabinet (1998–1999)
- Mikhail Fradkov's Second Cabinet (2004–2007)
- Electoral geography of Russia
- Tsarist autocracy
