Robbery
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | [[Image:Asalto al coche.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''[[Stagecoach Hijacking]]'' (1787) by Francisco Goya]] | ||
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| "[[Justice]] being taken away, then, what are [[monarchy|kingdom]]s but great [[Robbery|robberies]]? For what are robberies themselves, but little kingdoms? The band itself is made up of men; it is ruled by the authority of a prince, it is knit together by the pact of the confederacy; the [[booty]] is divided by the law agreed on. [...] Indeed, that was an apt and true reply which was given to [[Alexander the Great]] by a [[piracy|pirate]] who had been seized. For when that king had asked the man what he meant by keeping hostile possession of the sea, he answered with bold pride, 'What do you mean by seizing the whole earth; because I do it with a petty ship, I am called a [[robber]], while you who does it with a great fleet are styled [[emperor]]'."--''[[The City of God]]'' (5th century) by [[St. Augustine]] | "[[Justice]] being taken away, then, what are [[monarchy|kingdom]]s but great [[Robbery|robberies]]? For what are robberies themselves, but little kingdoms? The band itself is made up of men; it is ruled by the authority of a prince, it is knit together by the pact of the confederacy; the [[booty]] is divided by the law agreed on. [...] Indeed, that was an apt and true reply which was given to [[Alexander the Great]] by a [[piracy|pirate]] who had been seized. For when that king had asked the man what he meant by keeping hostile possession of the sea, he answered with bold pride, 'What do you mean by seizing the whole earth; because I do it with a petty ship, I am called a [[robber]], while you who does it with a great fleet are styled [[emperor]]'."--''[[The City of God]]'' (5th century) by [[St. Augustine]] | ||
| + | <hr> | ||
| + | "The best works of Goethe and Schiller were not, at first, patronised by the German people, but were written in defiance of a popular taste which was satisfied with the dramatic writings of [[Kotzebue]] and [[Iffland]], to say nothing of ''[[Rinaldo Rinaldini]]'' and the rest of the deplorable [[robber-romances]] of the time."--''[[Outlines of German Literature]]'' (1873) by Joseph Gostwick and Robert Harrison | ||
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| - | [[Image:Great Train Robbery still, public domain film.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Still from ''[[The Great Train Robbery (film)|The Great Train Robbery]]'' (1903)]] | + | [[Image:Great Train Robbery still, public domain film.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Still from ''[[The Great Train Robbery (1903 film)|The Great Train Robbery]]'' (1903)]] |
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| - | '''Robbery''' is the [[crime]] of taking or attempting to take anything of value by force, threat of force, or by use of fear. According to [[common law]], robbery is defined as taking the property of another, with the intent to permanently deprive the person of that property, by means of force or fear; that is, it is a [[larceny]] or [[theft]] accomplished by an [[assault]]. Precise definitions of the offence may vary between jurisdictions. Robbery is differentiated from other forms of [[theft]] (such as [[burglary]], [[shoplifting]], [[pickpocketing]], or [[car theft]]) by its inherently violent nature (a [[violent crime]]); whereas many lesser forms of theft are punished as [[misdemeanors]], robbery is always a [[felony]] in jurisdictions that distinguish between the two. Under English law, most forms of theft are [[triable either way]], whereas robbery is [[triable only on indictment]]. The word "rob" came via [[French language|French]] from [[Late Latin]] words (e.g., ''deraubare'') of [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] origin, from [[Common Germanic]] ''raub'' "theft". | + | '''Robbery''' is the [[crime]] of taking or attempting to take anything of value by force, threat of force, or by use of fear. According to [[common law]], robbery is defined as taking the property of another, with the intent to permanently deprive the person of that property, by means of force or fear; that is, it is a [[larceny]] or [[theft]] accomplished by an [[assault]]. Precise definitions of the offence may vary between jurisdictions. Robbery is differentiated from other forms of [[theft]] (such as [[burglary]], [[shoplifting]], [[pickpocketing]], or [[car theft]]) by its inherently violent nature (a [[violent crime]]); whereas many lesser forms of theft are punished as [[misdemeanors]], robbery is always a [[felony]] in jurisdictions that distinguish between the two. |
| Among the types of robbery are '''armed robbery''', which involves the use of a [[weapon]], and '''aggravated robbery''', when someone brings with them a deadly weapon or something that appears to be a deadly weapon. Highway robbery or mugging takes place outside or in a [[public place]] such as a sidewalk, street, or parking lot. [[Carjacking]] is the act of stealing a car from a victim by force. [[Extortion]] is the threat to do something illegal, or the offer to not do something illegal, in the event that goods are not given, primarily using words instead of actions. | Among the types of robbery are '''armed robbery''', which involves the use of a [[weapon]], and '''aggravated robbery''', when someone brings with them a deadly weapon or something that appears to be a deadly weapon. Highway robbery or mugging takes place outside or in a [[public place]] such as a sidewalk, street, or parking lot. [[Carjacking]] is the act of stealing a car from a victim by force. [[Extortion]] is the threat to do something illegal, or the offer to not do something illegal, in the event that goods are not given, primarily using words instead of actions. | ||
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| == In popular culture == | == In popular culture == | ||
| - | Robberies have been depicted, sometimes graphically, in various forms of media, and several robbers have become [[pop icon]]s, such as [[Bonnie and Clyde]] and [[John Dillinger]]. Examples of media works focused on robberies include: | + | Robberies have been depicted, sometimes graphically, in various forms of media, and several robbers have become [[pop icon]]s, such as [[Bonnie and Clyde]] and [[John Dillinger]]. |
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| - | === In film === | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Killing (film)|The Killing]]'' (1956), by [[Stanley Kubrick]], depicts a graphic robbery. | + | |
| - | * ''[[Wake Up and Die]]'' (1966) is an Italian crime drama film directed by [[Carlo Lizzani]], based on the real life of [[Luciano Lutring]] ("''il solista del mitra''", translation: "the submachine soloist"), who kept his weapon in a violin case. | + | |
| - | * ''[[Take the Money and Run]]'' (1969), by [[Woody Allen]], depicts an unconventional view of a robbery by an incompetent robber. | + | |
| - | * ''Le Gitan'' (1975), directed by [[José Giovanni]], is loosely based on Luciano Lutring's autobiography. Lutring is played by [[Alain Delon]]. | + | |
| - | * ''[[Dog Day Afternoon]]'' (1975) depicts a bank robbery which escalates to a hostage situation. | + | |
| - | * ''[[Reservoir Dogs]]'' (1992), by [[Quentin Tarantino]], shows the aftermath of a robbery, with an abundance of lurid details. | + | |
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| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| * [[Aircraft hijacking]] | * [[Aircraft hijacking]] | ||
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| * [[Gangs in the United States]] | * [[Gangs in the United States]] | ||
| * [[Hajduk]] | * [[Hajduk]] | ||
| + | * [[Heist]] | ||
| * [[Highwayman]] | * [[Highwayman]] | ||
| * [[Home invasion]] | * [[Home invasion]] | ||
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"Justice being taken away, then, what are kingdoms but great robberies? For what are robberies themselves, but little kingdoms? The band itself is made up of men; it is ruled by the authority of a prince, it is knit together by the pact of the confederacy; the booty is divided by the law agreed on. [...] Indeed, that was an apt and true reply which was given to Alexander the Great by a pirate who had been seized. For when that king had asked the man what he meant by keeping hostile possession of the sea, he answered with bold pride, 'What do you mean by seizing the whole earth; because I do it with a petty ship, I am called a robber, while you who does it with a great fleet are styled emperor'."--The City of God (5th century) by St. Augustine "The best works of Goethe and Schiller were not, at first, patronised by the German people, but were written in defiance of a popular taste which was satisfied with the dramatic writings of Kotzebue and Iffland, to say nothing of Rinaldo Rinaldini and the rest of the deplorable robber-romances of the time."--Outlines of German Literature (1873) by Joseph Gostwick and Robert Harrison |
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Robbery is the crime of taking or attempting to take anything of value by force, threat of force, or by use of fear. According to common law, robbery is defined as taking the property of another, with the intent to permanently deprive the person of that property, by means of force or fear; that is, it is a larceny or theft accomplished by an assault. Precise definitions of the offence may vary between jurisdictions. Robbery is differentiated from other forms of theft (such as burglary, shoplifting, pickpocketing, or car theft) by its inherently violent nature (a violent crime); whereas many lesser forms of theft are punished as misdemeanors, robbery is always a felony in jurisdictions that distinguish between the two.
Among the types of robbery are armed robbery, which involves the use of a weapon, and aggravated robbery, when someone brings with them a deadly weapon or something that appears to be a deadly weapon. Highway robbery or mugging takes place outside or in a public place such as a sidewalk, street, or parking lot. Carjacking is the act of stealing a car from a victim by force. Extortion is the threat to do something illegal, or the offer to not do something illegal, in the event that goods are not given, primarily using words instead of actions.
Criminal slang for robbery includes "blagging" (armed robbery, usually of a bank) or "stick-up" (derived from the verbal command to robbery targets to raise their hands in the air), and "steaming" (organized robbery on underground train systems).
In popular culture
Robberies have been depicted, sometimes graphically, in various forms of media, and several robbers have become pop icons, such as Bonnie and Clyde and John Dillinger.
See also
- Aircraft hijacking
- Art theft
- Balaclava (clothing)
- Bank robbery
- Brigandage
- Bushranger
- Convenience store crime
- Dacoit
- Flash mob robbery
- Gangs in the United States
- Hajduk
- Heist
- Highwayman
- Home invasion
- Klepht
- Looting
- Mafia
- Marauder (disambiguation)
- Metal theft
- Millionaire tour
- Organized retail crime
- Outlaw
- Piracy
- Shanlin
- Snapphane
- Snatch theft
- Train robbery
- Truck hijacking
