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		+	"And I went unto the [[angel]], and said unto him, Give me the little [[book]]. And he said unto me, [[bibliophagy|Take it, and eat it up]]; and it shall make thy belly bitter, but it shall be in thy mouth sweet as honey." --''[[Book of Revelation]]'' 10:9
		+	<hr>
		+	"And there followed another angel, saying, [[Babylon]] is fallen, is fallen, that great city, because she made all nations drink of the [[wine]] of the [[wrath]] of her [[fornication]]." --''[[Book of Revelation]]''
		+	<hr>
		+	"And I heard one of the four living creatures saying, as with a voice of thunder, "[[Come and see]]!""--[[Book of Revelation]]
		+	|}
	{{Template}}		{{Template}}
		+	The book of '''Revelation''' It is most commonly abbreviated as "Rev." is the final book of the [[New Testament]] (and consequently the final book of the [[Bible#Christian Bibles|Christian Bible]]). Its title is derived from the [[Incipit|first word]] of the [[Koine Greek]] text: apokalypsis, meaning "unveiling" or "revelation". The Book of Revelation is the only [[Apocalyptic literature|apocalyptic book]] in the New Testament [[Biblical canon|canon]].
-	{{Short description|Book of the New Testament}}	+	The author names himself as "John" in the text, but his precise identity remains a point of academic debate. Second-century Christian writers such as [[Papias of Hierapolis]], [[Justin Martyr]], [[Irenaeus]], [[Melito of Sardis]], [[Clement of Alexandria]], and the author of the [[Muratorian fragment]] identify [[John the Apostle]] as the "John" of Revelation. Modern scholarship generally takes a different view, with many considering that nothing can be known about the author except that he was a Christian prophet. Modern theological scholars characterize the Book of Revelation's author as "[[John of Patmos]]". The bulk of traditional sources date the book to the reign of the Roman emperor [[Domitian]] (AD 81–96), which evidence tends to confirm.
-	{{Other uses|Book of Revelation (disambiguation)}}	+
-	{{Redirect|Apocalypse of John}}	+
-	{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}	+
-	{{Books of the New Testament}}	+
-	{{John}}	+
-	[[File:BibleSPaoloFol331vFrontRev.jpg|thumb|Frontispiece, Book of Revelation, [[Bible of San Paolo fuori le Mura]], 9th century]]	+
-	[[File:Schnorr von Carolsfeld Bibel in Bildern 1860 236.png|thumb|''The [[John's vision of the Son of Man|Vision of John]] on [[Patmos]]'' by [[Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld]] 1860.]]	+
-	The book of '''Revelation'''{{Efn|The book is sometimes called the '''Revelation to John'''.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/ESV_Pew_Bible_Black/HiPouAEACAAJ |title=ESV Pew Bible |publisher=Crossway |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4335-6343-0 |location=Wheaton, IL |pages=1028 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603093159/https://www.google.com/books/edition/ESV_Pew_Bible_Black/HiPouAEACAAJ |archive-date=June 3, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> It is most commonly abbreviated as "Rev."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bible Book Abbreviations |url=https://www.logos.com/bible-book-abbreviations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421100743/https://www.logos.com/bible-book-abbreviations |archive-date=April 21, 2022 |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Logos Bible Software}}</ref>}} is the final book of the [[New Testament]] (and consequently the final book of the [[Bible#Christian Bibles|Christian Bible]]). Its title is derived from the [[Incipit|first word]] of the [[Koine Greek]] text: {{transl|grc|apokalypsis}}, meaning "unveiling" or "revelation". The Book of Revelation is the only [[Apocalyptic literature|apocalyptic book]] in the New Testament [[Biblical canon|canon]].{{Efn|Other apocalypses popular in the [[early Christian]] era did not achieve canonical status. [[2 Esdras]] (also known as the Apocalypse of Ezra) is recognized as canonical in [[Ethiopian Orthodox]] churches, but as part of the Old Testament.}} It occupies a central place in [[Christian eschatology]].	+	The book spans three literary genres: the [[Letter (message)|epistolary]], the [[Apocalyptic literature|apocalyptic]], and the [[prophetic]]. It begins with John, on the island of [[Patmos]] in the [[Aegean Sea]], addressing a letter to the "[[Seven Churches of Asia]]". He then describes a series of prophetic [[Vision (spirituality)|visions]], including figures such as the Seven-Headed Dragon, [[Serpents in the Bible#Ancient serpent|the Serpent]], and [[The Beast (Revelation)|the Beast]], which culminate in the [[Second Coming]] of [[Jesus]].
-	The author names himself as "John" in the text, but his precise identity remains a point of academic debate. Second-century Christian writers such as [[Papias of Hierapolis]], [[Justin Martyr]], [[Irenaeus]], [[Melito of Sardis]], [[Clement of Alexandria]], and the author of the [[Muratorian fragment]] identify [[John the Apostle]] as the "John" of Revelation.<ref>{{cite book|last=Carson|first=Don|title=An Introduction to the New Testament|date=2005|publisher=Zondervan|location=Grand Rapids, Michigan|isbn=978-0-310-51940-9|pages=465ff|edition=2nd}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Holmes|first=Michael|title=The Apostolic Fathers: Greek Texts and English Translations|date=2007|isbn=978-0801034688|page=749ff}}</ref> Modern scholarship generally takes a different view,{{sfn|Collins|1984|p=28}} with many considering that nothing can be known about the author except that he was a Christian prophet.{{sfn|Bauckham|1993|p=2}} Modern theological scholars characterize the Book of Revelation's author as "[[John of Patmos]]". The bulk of traditional sources date the book to the reign of the Roman emperor [[Domitian]] (AD 81–96), which evidence tends to confirm.{{sfn|Stuckenbruck|2003|pp=1535–1536}}{{efn|However, among recent writers, John Behr<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u-MDwAAQBAJ&q=john+behr+paschal+gospel|title=John the Theologian and his Paschal Gospel|last=Behr|first=John|date=2019|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-257444-2}}</ref> argues that Irenaeus and the earliest traditions of the church placed the writing in the reign of Nero.}}	+	The obscure and extravagant imagery has led to a wide variety of Christian interpretations. [[Historicism (Christianity)|Historicist]] interpretations see Revelation as containing a broad view of history while [[preterist]] interpretations treat Revelation as mostly referring to the events of the [[Apostolic Age]] (1st century), or, at the latest, the fall of the [[Western Roman Empire]] in the 5th century. [[Futurism (Christianity)|Futurists]], meanwhile, believe that Revelation describes future events with the seven churches growing into the body of believers throughout the age, and a reemergence or continuous rule of a Greco-Roman system with modern capabilities described by John in ways familiar to him; and [[Idealism (Christian eschatology)|idealist or symbolic]] interpretations consider that Revelation does not refer to actual people or events but is an [[allegory]] of the [[Spirituality|spiritual]] path and the ongoing struggle between good and evil.
-	The book spans three literary genres: the [[Letter (message)|epistolary]], the [[Apocalyptic literature|apocalyptic]], and the [[prophetic]].{{sfn|Stuckenbruck|2003|p=1536}} It begins with John, on the island of [[Patmos]] in the [[Aegean Sea]], addressing a letter to the "[[Seven Churches of Asia]]". He then describes a series of prophetic [[Vision (spirituality)|visions]], including figures such as the Seven-Headed Dragon, [[Serpents in the Bible#Ancient serpent|the Serpent]], and [[The Beast (Revelation)|the Beast]], which culminate in the [[Second Coming]] of [[Jesus]].	+	== Figures in Revelation ==
		+	In order of appearance:
		+	# The author of John ([[John of Patmos]] or [[John the Apostle]])
		+	# The [[angel]] who reveals the Revelation of Jesus Christ
		+	# The One who sits on the [[Throne of God#Revelation|Throne]]
		+	# Twenty-four crowned [[Elder (Christianity)|elders]]
		+	# Four [[Living creatures (Bible)|living creatures]]
		+	# The [[Lion of Judah]] who is the seven horned Lamb with seven eyes
		+	# [[Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse]]
		+	# The souls of those who had been slain for the word of God, each given a white robe
		+	# Four angels holding the four winds of the Earth
		+	# The seal-bearer angel (144,000 of Israel sealed)
		+	# A great multitude from every nation
		+	# [[Seven trumpets|Seven angelic trumpeters]]
		+	# The star called [[Wormwood (star)|Wormwood]]
		+	# Angel of Woe
		+	# [[Scorpion]]-tailed [[Locust]]s
		+	# [[Abaddon]]
		+	# Four angels bound to the great river [[Euphrates]]
		+	# Two hundred million lion-headed [[cavalry]]
		+	# The mighty angel of Seven [[thunder]]s
		+	# The [[Two witnesses]]
		+	# [[The Beast (Revelation)|Beast of the Sea]] having seven heads and ten horns
		+	# [[Woman of the Apocalypse|The Woman]] and her child
		+	# The [[Dragon]], fiery red with seven heads
		+	# [[Michael (archangel)|Saint Michael the Archangel]]
		+	# Lamb-horned [[The Beast (Revelation)#Beast from the earth|Beast of the Earth]]
		+	# [[The Beast (Revelation)#Image of the beast|Image of the Beast]] of the sea
		+	# Messages of the three angels
		+	# The angelic reapers and the grapes of wrath
		+	# Seven plague angels
		+	# Seven bowls of wrath
		+	# The [[False Prophet]]
		+	# The [[Whore of Babylon]]
		+	# The rider on a white horse
		+	# The first resurrection and the thousand years
		+	# [[Gog and Magog]]
		+	# Death and [[Hades]]
-	The obscure and extravagant imagery has led to a wide variety of Christian interpretations. [[Historicism (Christianity)|Historicist]] interpretations see Revelation as containing a broad view of history while [[preterist]] interpretations treat Revelation as mostly referring to the events of the [[Apostolic Age]] (1st century), or, at the latest, the fall of the [[Western Roman Empire]] in the 5th century. [[Futurism (Christianity)|Futurists]], meanwhile, believe that Revelation describes future events with the seven churches growing into the body of believers throughout the age, and a reemergence or continuous rule of a Greco-Roman system with modern capabilities described by John in ways familiar to him; and [[Idealism (Christian eschatology)|idealist or symbolic]] interpretations consider that Revelation does not refer to actual people or events but is an [[allegory]] of the [[Spirituality|spiritual]] path and the ongoing struggle between good and evil.	+	== See also ==
-	== Composition and setting ==	+	* [[Alpha and Omega]]
-	[[File:Johannes op Patmos Saint John on Patmos Berlin, Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin, Gemaldegalerie HR.jpg|thumb|''[[St. John the Evangelist on Patmos]]'' by [[Hieronymous Bosch]], {{circa|1489}}]]	+	* [[The Apocalypse (2000 film)|''The Apocalypse'']] – 2000 film
		+	* [[Apocalypse of John – dated astronomically]]
		+	* [[Apocalypse of Peter]]
		+	* [[Apocalypse of Zerubbabel]]
		+	* [[Apocalypticism]]
		+	* [[Arethas of Caesarea]]
		+	* [[Biblical cosmology]]
		+	* [[Biblical numerology]]
		+	* [[Book of Ezekiel]]
		+	* [[Christian eschatological differences]]
		+	* [[Day-year principle]]
		+	* [[English Apocalypse manuscripts]]
		+	* [[Horae Apocalypticae]]
		+	* [[Maccabees]]
		+	* [[Masada]]
		+	* [[The New Earth]]
		+	* [[Number of the beast|Number of the Beast]]
		+	* [[Patmos]]
		+	* [[Textual variants in the New Testament#Book of Revelation|Textual variants in the Book of Revelation]]
		+	* [[Vespasian]]
		+	* [[Woman of the Apocalypse]]
		+	==Full text[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Revelation]==
		+	===Chapter 1===
-	=== Title, authorship, and date ===	+	1 The Revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave unto him, to shew unto his servants things which must shortly come to pass; and he sent and signified it by his angel unto his servant John:
-	[[File:ApocalypseStSeverFol026vJohnRecievesRev.jpg|thumb|St. John receives his Revelation, [[Saint-Sever Beatus]], 11th century]]	+
-	{{Main|Authorship of the Johannine works|John of Patmos}}	+
-	The name ''Revelation'' comes from the [[Incipit|first word]] of the book in [[Koine Greek]]: {{lang|grc|ἀποκάλυψις}} ({{transl|grc|apokalypsis}}), which means "unveiling" or "revelation". The author names himself as "John", but modern scholars consider it unlikely that the author of Revelation also wrote the [[Gospel of John]].{{sfn|Collins|1984|pp=28–29}} He was a [[Jewish Christian]] prophet, probably belonging to a group of such prophets, and was accepted by the congregations to whom he addresses his letter.{{sfn|Stuckenbruck|2003|pp= 1535–1536}}{{sfn|Bauckham|1993|p=2, 24–25}}	+
-	The book is commonly dated to about AD 95, as suggested by clues in the visions pointing to the reign of the [[Roman emperor|emperor]] [[Domitian]].{{sfn|Perkins|2012|p=19ff}} The beast with seven heads and the number 666 seem to allude directly to the emperor [[Nero]] (reigned AD 54–68), but this does not require that Revelation was written in the 60s, as there was a widespread belief in later decades that [[Nero Redivivus|Nero would return]].{{sfn|Collins|1982|p=100}}{{sfn|Stuckenbruck|2003|pp =1535–1536}}	+	2 Who bare record of the word of God, and of the testimony of Jesus Christ, and of all things that he saw.
-	=== Genre ===	+	3 Blessed is he that readeth, and they that hear the words of this prophecy, and keep those things which are written therein: for the time is at hand.
-	Revelation is an [[apocalypse|apocalyptic]] prophecy with an epistolary introduction addressed to seven churches in the Roman province of Asia.{{sfn|Bauckham|1993|p=2}} "Apocalypse" means the revealing of divine mysteries;{{sfn|McKim|2014|p=16}} John is to write down what is revealed (what he sees in his vision) and send it to the seven churches.{{sfn|Bauckham|1993|p=2}} The entire book constitutes the letter—the letters to the seven individual churches are introductions to the rest of the book, which is addressed to all seven.{{sfn|Bauckham|1993|p=2}} While the dominant genre is apocalyptic, the author sees himself as a Christian prophet: Revelation uses the word in various forms twenty-one times, more than any other [[New Testament]] book.{{sfn|Couch|2001|p=81}}	+
-	=== Sources ===	+	4 John to the seven churches which are in Asia: Grace be unto you, and peace, from him which is, and which was, and which is to come; and from the seven Spirits which are before his throne;
-	The predominant view is that Revelation alludes to the Old Testament although it is difficult among scholars to agree on the exact number of allusions or the allusions themselves.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fekkes|first1=Jan|title=Isaiah and Prophetic Traditions in the Book of Revelation: Visionary Antecedents and their Development (The Library of New Testament Studies)|date=1994|publisher=Bloomsbury T&T Clark|isbn=978-1-85075-456-5|pages=61–63}}</ref> Revelation rarely quotes directly from the [[Old Testament]], yet almost every verse alludes to or echoes older scriptures. Over half of the references stem from [[Book of Daniel|Daniel]], [[Book of Ezekiel|Ezekiel]], [[Book of Psalms|Psalms]], and [[Book of Isaiah|Isaiah]], with Daniel providing the largest number in proportion to length and Ezekiel standing out as the most influential. Because these references appear as allusions rather than as quotes, it is difficult to know whether the author used the Hebrew or the Greek version of the Hebrew scriptures, but he was clearly often influenced by the Greek.{{sfn|Beale|McDonough|2007|pp=1081–1084}}	+
-	=== Setting ===	+	5 And from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, and the first begotten of the dead, and the prince of the kings of the earth. Unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood,
-	Conventional understanding has been that the Book of Revelation was written to comfort beleaguered Christians as they underwent persecution at the hands of an emperor.	+
-	This is not the only interpretation. Domitian may not have been a despot imposing an imperial cult, and there may not have been any systematic empire-wide persecution of Christians in his time.{{sfn|Stephens|2011|pp=143–145}} Revelation may instead have been composed in the context of a conflict within the Christian community of Asia Minor over whether to engage with, or withdraw from, the far larger non-Christian community: Revelation chastises those Christians who wanted to reach an accommodation with the Roman cult of empire.{{sfn|Stephens|2011|p=152}} This is not to say that Christians in Roman Asia were not suffering for withdrawal from, and defiance against, the wider Roman society, which imposed very real penalties; Revelation offered a victory over this reality by offering an apocalyptic hope. In the words of professor [[Adela Yarbro Collins|Adela Collins]], "What ought to be was experienced as a present reality."{{sfn|Collins|1984|p=154}}	+	6 And hath made us kings and priests unto God and his Father; to him be glory and dominion for ever and ever. Amen.
-	=== Canonical history ===	+	7 Behold, he cometh with clouds; and every eye shall see him, and they also which pierced him: and all kindreds of the earth shall wail because of him. Even so, Amen.
-	{{see|Development of the New Testament canon}}	+
-	Revelation was among the last books accepted into the [[Christian biblical canons|Christian biblical canon]], and to the present day some churches that derive from the [[Church of the East]] reject it.{{sfn|Wall|2011|p=no page number}}<ref>	+
-	{{cite book	+
-	| last1 = Taylor	+
-	| first1 = David G. K.	+
-	| chapter = Christian regional diversity	+
-	| editor1-last = Esler	+
-	| editor1-first = Philip F.	+
-	| editor1-link = Philip Esler	+
-	| title = The Early Christian World	+
-	| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6fyCAgAAQBAJ	+
-	| series = Routledge Worlds	+
-	| publisher = Routledge	+
-	| publication-date = 2002	+
-	| page = 338	+
-	| isbn = 978-1-134-54919-1	+
-	| access-date = 28 December 2015	+
-	| quote = [...] the minor Catholic epistles and Revelation continued to be omitted, and are still not included in the canon of the church of the East which was geographically (and from the late-fifth century doctrinally) isolated in the Persian empire.	+
-	| date = 11 September 2002	+
-	}}	+
-	</ref> Eastern Christians became skeptical of the book as doubts concerning its authorship and unusual style{{sfn|Pattemore|2004|p=1}} were reinforced by aversion to its acceptance by [[Montanism|Montanists]] and other groups considered to be heretical.{{sfn|Stonehouse|n.d.|pp=138–142}} This distrust of the Book of Revelation persisted in the East through the 15th century.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AmMEhsEYHUsC&pg=PA3 Eugenia Scarvelis Constantinou (editor) ''Commentary on the Apocalypse''] by Andrew of Caesarea (CUA Press 2011 {{ISBN|978-0-8132-0123-8}}), pp. 3–6</ref>	+
-	[[Pope Dionysius of Alexandria|Dionysius]] (AD 248), bishop of Alexandria and disciple of [[Origen]], wrote that the Book of Revelation could have been written by [[Cerinthus]] although he himself did not adopt the view that Cerinthus was the writer. He regarded the Apocalypse as the work of an inspired man but not of an Apostle ''(Eusebius, Church History VII.25)''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=of Caesarea|first1=Eusebius|title=Church History, Book VII Chapter 25|publisher=newadvent|url=http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/250107.htm|access-date=17 October 2016}}</ref>	+	8 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.
-	[[Eusebius]], in his [[Church History (Eusebius)|Church History]] ({{c.|AD 330}}) mentioned that the Apocalypse of John was accepted as a canonical book and rejected at the same time:	+	9 I John, who also am your brother, and companion in tribulation, and in the kingdom and patience of Jesus Christ, was in the isle that is called Patmos, for the word of God, and for the testimony of Jesus Christ.
-	{{quote|{{plainlist|	+	10 I was in the Spirit on the Lord's day, and heard behind me a great voice, as of a trumpet,
-	*1. ... it is proper to sum up the writings of the New Testament which have been already mentioned... After them is to be placed, if it really seem proper, the Apocalypse of John, concerning which we shall give the different opinions at the proper time. These then belong among the accepted writings [Homologoumena].	+
-	*4. Among the rejected [Kirsopp. Lake translation: "not genuine"] writings must be reckoned, as I said, the Apocalypse of John, if it seem proper, which some, as I said, reject, but which others class with the accepted books.<ref>{{cite book|last1=of Caesarea|first1=Eusebius|title=Church History, Book III Chapter 25|publisher=newadvent|url=http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/250103.htm|access-date=17 October 2016}}</ref>}}}}	+
-	The Apocalypse of John is counted as both accepted (Kirsopp. Lake translation: "Recognized") and disputed, which has caused some confusion over what exactly Eusebius meant by doing so. The disputation can perhaps be attributed to Origen.<ref>{{Citation | first = ER | last = Kalin | title = Re-examining New Testament Canon History: 1. The Canon of Origen | journal = [[Currents in Theology and Mission]] | volume = 17 | year = 1990 | pages = 274–82}}</ref> Origen seems to have accepted it in his writings.<ref>{{cite book|author=Origen|title=Church Fathers: Commentary on John, Book V: 3 (Origen)|url=http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/101505.htm|access-date=15 October 2017}}</ref>	+	11 Saying, I am Alpha and Omega, the first and the last: and, What thou seest, write in a book, and send it unto the seven churches which are in Asia; unto Ephesus, and unto Smyrna, and unto Pergamos, and unto Thyatira, and unto Sardis, and unto Philadelphia, and unto Laodicea.
-	[[Cyril of Jerusalem]] (AD 348) does not name it among the canonical books (Catechesis IV.33–36).<ref>{{cite book|last1=of Jerusalem|first1=Cyril|title=Catechetical Lecture 4 Chapter 35|publisher=newadvent|url=http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/310104.htm|access-date=12 October 2016}}</ref>	+	12 And I turned to see the voice that spake with me. And being turned, I saw seven golden candlesticks;
-	[[Athanasius of Alexandria|Athanasius]] (AD 367) in his ''Letter 39'',<ref>{{cite book|last1=of Alexandria|first1=Athanasius|title=Church Fathers: Letter 39 (Athanasius)|publisher=newadvent|url=http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2806039.htm|access-date=14 October 2016}}</ref>	+	13 And in the midst of the seven candlesticks one like unto the Son of man, clothed with a garment down to the foot, and girt about the paps with a golden girdle.
-	[[Augustine of Hippo]] ({{c.|AD 397}}) in his book ''[[De doctrina christiana|On Christian Doctrine]]'' (Book II, Chapter 8),<ref>{{cite book|last1=of Hippo|first1=Augustine|title=On Christian Doctrine Book II Chapter 8:2|publisher=newadvent|url=http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/12022.htm|access-date=12 October 2016}}</ref> [[Tyrannius Rufinus]] (c. AD 400) in his ''Commentary on the Apostles' Creed'',<ref>{{cite book|last1=of Aquileia|first1=Rufinus|title=Commentary on the Apostles' Creed #37|publisher=newadvent|url=http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2711.htm|access-date=12 October 2016}}</ref> [[Pope Innocent I]] (AD 405) in a letter to the bishop of Toulouse<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bible-researcher.com/innocent.html|title=Letter of Innocent I on the Canon of Scripture|website=www.bible-researcher.com}}</ref> and [[John of Damascus]] (about AD 730) in his work ''An Exposition of the Orthodox Faith (Book IV:7)''<ref>{{cite book|last1=of Damascus|first1=John|title=An Exposition of the Orthodox Faith, Book IV Chapter 17|publisher=newadvent|url=http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/33044.htm|access-date=17 October 2016}}</ref> listed "the Revelation of [[John the Evangelist]]" as a canonical book.	+
-	=== Synods ===	+	14 His head and his hairs were white like wool, as white as snow; and his eyes were as a flame of fire;
-	The [[Council of Laodicea]] (AD 363) omits it as a canonical book.<ref>{{cite book|last1=of Laodicea|first1=Synod|title=Synod of Laodicea Canon 60|publisher=newadvent|url=http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3806.htm|access-date=12 October 2016}}</ref>	+
-	The {{lang|la|[[Decretum Gelasianum]]}}, which is a work written by an anonymous scholar between 519 and 553, contains a list of books of scripture presented as having been reckoned as canonical by the [[Council of Rome]] (AD 382). This list mentions it as a part of the New Testament canon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tertullian.org/decretum_eng.htm|title=Tertullian : Decretum Gelasianum (English translation)|first=Roger|last=Pearse|website=www.tertullian.org}}</ref>	+	15 And his feet like unto fine brass, as if they burned in a furnace; and his voice as the sound of many waters.
-	The [[Synod of Hippo]] (in AD 393),<ref>{{citation |chapter-url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.xv.iv.iv.xxv.html |chapter=Canon XXIV. (Greek xxvii.) |publisher=Christian Classics Ethereal Library |title=The Canons of the 217 Blessed Fathers who assembled at Carthage}}</ref> followed by the [[Council of Carthage (397)]], the [[Council of Carthage (419)]], [[the Council of Florence]] (1442)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ewtn.com/library/COUNCILS/FLORENCE.HTM|title=Eccumenical Council of Florence and Council of Basel|website=www.ewtn.com}}</ref> and the [[Council of Trent]] (1546)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ewtn.com/library/COUNCILS/TRENT4.htm|title=Paul III Council of Trent-4|website=www.ewtn.com}}</ref> classified it as a canonical book.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3816.htm|title=Church Fathers: Council of Carthage (A.D. 419)|website=www.newadvent.org}}</ref>	+	16 And he had in his right hand seven stars: and out of his mouth went a sharp twoedged sword: and his countenance was as the sun shineth in his strength.
-	The [[Canons of the Apostles|Apostolic Canons]], approved by the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] [[Quinisext Council|Council in Trullo]] in 692, but rejected by [[Pope Sergius I]], omit it.<ref>{{cite book|last1=in Trullo|first1=Council|title=The Apostolic Canons. Canon 85|publisher=newadvent|url=http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3820.htm|access-date=12 October 2016}}</ref>	+	17 And when I saw him, I fell at his feet as dead. And he laid his right hand upon me, saying unto me, Fear not; I am the first and the last:
-	=== Protestant Reformation ===	+	18 I am he that liveth, and was dead; and, behold, I am alive for evermore, Amen; and have the keys of hell and of death.
-	Doubts resurfaced during the 16th-century [[Protestant]] [[Reformation]]. [[Martin Luther]] called Revelation "neither apostolic nor prophetic" in the 1522 preface to his translation of the New Testament (he revised his position with a much more favorable assessment in 1530),{{sfn|Lohse|1988|pp=322; 337–338}} [[Huldrych Zwingli]] labelled it "not a book of the Bible",<ref>	+
-	{{cite book	+
-	| last1 = Glasson	+
-	| first1 = T.F.	+
-	| chapter = How was the Book received by the Church?	+
-	| editor1-last = Glasson	+
-	| editor1-first = T.F.	+
-	| title = The Revelation of John	+
-	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Rh07AAAAIAAJ	+
-	| series = Cambridge Bible Commentaries on the New Testament	+
-	| location = Cambridge	+
-	| publisher = Cambridge University Press	+
-	| date = 1965	+
-	| page = 6	+
-	| access-date = 29 June 2019	+
-	| quote = Zwingli, the Swiss Reformer, said, '[The Book of Revelation] is not a book of the Bible'.	+
-	}}	+
-	</ref> and it was the only New Testament book on which [[John Calvin]] did not write a commentary.{{sfn|Hoekema|1979|p= 297}} {{As of |2015 |post=,}} Revelation remains the only New Testament book not read in the [[Divine Liturgy]] of the Eastern Orthodox Church,<ref>	+
-	{{cite book	+
-	| last1 = Boring	+
-	| first1 = M. Eugene	+
-	| year = 1989	+
-	| title = Revelation	+
-	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BDQOcCrYFuEC	+
-	| series = Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching	+
-	| location = Louisville, Kentucky	+
-	| publisher = Westminster John Knox Press	+
-	| publication-date = 2011	+
-	| page = 3	+
-	| isbn = 978-0-664-23628-1	+
-	| access-date = 2019-06-29	+
-	| quote = To this day, Catholic and Protestant lectionaries have only minimal readings from Revelation, and the Greek Orthodox lectionary omits it altogether.	+
-	}}	+
-	</ref> though Catholic and Protestant liturgies include it.	+
-	=== Texts and manuscripts ===	+	19 Write the things which thou hast seen, and the things which are, and the things which shall be hereafter;
-	There are approximately 300 Greek manuscripts of Revelation.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Aune|first1=David|title=Word Biblical Commentary 52A: Revelation 1–5|date=1997|publisher=Zondervan|location=Grand Rapids, Michigan|isbn=978-0-310-52177-8|page=cxxxviii}}</ref> While it is not extant in [[Codex Vaticanus]] (4th century), it is extant in the other great [[List of New Testament uncials|uncial]] codices: [[Codex Sinaiticus|Sinaiticus]] (4th century), [[Codex Alexandrinus|Alexandrinus]] (5th century), and [[Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus|Ephraemi Rescriptus]] (5th century). In addition, there are numerous [[List of New Testament papyri|papyri]], especially {{Papyrus link|47}} and {{Papyrus link|115}} (both 3rd century); [[Lists of New Testament minuscules|minuscules]] (8th to 10th century); and fragmentary quotations in the Church fathers of the 2nd to 5th centuries and the 6th-century Greek commentary on Revelation by Andreas.{{sfn|Pate|2010|p=no page number}}	+
-	== Structure and content ==	+	20 The mystery of the seven stars which thou sawest in my right hand, and the seven golden candlesticks. The seven stars are the angels of the seven churches: and the seven candlesticks which thou sawest are the seven churches.
-	[[File:Beatus-tafel.jpg|thumb|The [[Saint-Sever Beatus|Apocalypse of St. Sever]], {{circa|1150}}]]	+
-	[[Image:BritLibAddMS35166ApocalypseFolio003rAngelApeardToJohn.jpg|thumb|The Angel Appears to John, 13th-century manuscript, [[British Library]], London]]	+
-	[[File:B Escorial a.jpg|thumb|The angel gives John the letter to the churches of Asia, [[Commentary on the Apocalypse|Beatus Escorial]], {{circa|950}}]]	+
-	=== Literary structure ===	+	===Chapter 2===
-	Divisions in the book seem to be marked by the repetition of key phrases, by the arrangement of subject matter into blocks, and associated with its Christological passages,{{sfn|Tenney|1988|pp=32–41}} and much use is made of significant numbers, especially the number seven, which represented perfection according to ancient numerology.{{sfn|Senior|Getty|1990|pp=398–399}} Nevertheless, there is a "complete lack of consensus" among scholars about the structure of Revelation.{{sfn|Mounce|1998|p=32}} The following is therefore an outline of the book's contents rather than of its structure.	+
-	=== Outline ===	+	1 Unto the angel of the church of Ephesus write; These things saith he that holdeth the seven stars in his right hand, who walketh in the midst of the seven golden candlesticks;
-	{{Main|Events of Revelation}}{{See also|Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse}}	+
-	[[File:White Rider from Tolkovy Apocalyps 17th century.jpg|thumb|Revelation 6.2: "And I saw, and behold a white horse: and he that sat on him had a bow; and a crown was given unto him: and he went forth conquering, and to conquer." White Rider from ''Tolkovy Apocalyps'', Moscow, 17th century]]	+
-	[[File:B Osma 92v.jpg|thumb|Apocalypse 7, the 144,000 elect. [[Beatus d'Osma]], 11th century]]	+
-	[[File:B Escorial 94v.jpg|thumb|The Fourth Angel sounds his trumpet, Apocalypse 8, [[Commentary on the Apocalypse|Beatus Escorial]], {{circa|950}}]]	+
-	[[File:B Osma 117v.jpg|thumb|Apocalypse 12, the Woman and the Dragon. Beatus d'Osma, 11th century]]	+
-	[[File:B Escorial 108v.jpg|thumb|A seven-headed leopard-like beast, Apocalypse 13, Beatus Escorial]]	+
-	[[File:Joseph Martin Kronheim - The Sunday at Home 1880 - Revelation 22-17.jpg|thumb|An 1880 [[Baxter process]] colour plate illustrating Revelation 22:17 by Joseph Martin Kronheim]]	+
-	[[File:B Escorial 120.jpg|thumb|"Thrust in thy sickle, and reap: for the time is come for thee to reap; for the harvest of the earth is ripe." (14:15), [[Escorial Beatus]] ]]	+
-	[[File:Brooklyn Museum - The Great Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed with the Sun (Rev. 12 1-4) - William Blake.jpg|thumb|right|''The Great Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed with the Sun (Rev. 12 1–4)'', [[William Blake]], 1803–1805, [[Brooklyn Museum]]]]	+
-	Outline of the book of Revelation:{{According to|date=September 2021}}	+	2 I know thy works, and thy labour, and thy patience, and how thou canst not bear them which are evil: and thou hast tried them which say they are apostles, and are not, and hast found them liars:
-	#The Revelation of Jesus Christ	+
-	##The Revelation of Jesus Christ is communicated to John through prophetic visions. (1:1–9)	+
-	##John is instructed by the "one like a son of man" to write all that he hears and sees, from the prophetic visions, to [[Seven churches of Asia]]. (1:10–13)	+
-	##The appearance of the "one like a son of man" is given, and he reveals what the seven stars and seven lampstands represent. (1:14–20)	+
-	# Messages for seven churches of Asia	+
-	##[[Ephesus]]: From this church, he "who overcomes is granted to eat from the tree of life, which is in the midst of the Paradise of God." (2:1–7)	+
-	### Praised for not bearing those who are evil, testing those who say they are apostles and are not, and finding them to be liars; hating the deeds of the [[Nicolaitan]]s; having persevered and possessing patience.	+
-	### Admonished to "do the first works" and to repent for having left their "first love."	+
-	##[[Smyrna]]: From this church, those who are faithful until death, will be given "the crown of life." He who overcomes shall not be hurt by the [[second death]]. (2:8–11)	+
-	### Praised for being "rich" while impoverished and in tribulation.	+
-	### Admonished not to fear the "[[synagogue of Satan]]", nor fear a ten-day tribulation of being thrown into prison.	+
-	##[[Pergamum]]: From this church, he who overcomes will be given the hidden [[manna]] to eat and a white stone with a secret name on it." (2:12–17)	+
-	### Praised for holding "fast to My name", not denying "My faith" even in the days of [[Antipas of Pergamum|Antipas]], "My faithful martyr."	+
-	### Admonished to repent for having held the doctrine of [[Balaam]], who taught [[Balak]] to put a stumbling block before the [[children of Israel]]; eating things sacrificed to idols, committing sexual immorality, and holding the "doctrine of the Nicolaitans."	+
-	## [[Thyatira]]: From this church, he who overcomes until the end, will be given power over the nations in order to dash them to pieces with a rod of iron; he will also be given the "morning star." (2:18–29)	+
-	### Praised for their works, love, service, faith, and patience.	+
-	### Admonished to repent for allowing a "prophetess" to promote sexual immorality and to eat things sacrificed to idols.	+
-	##[[Sardis]]: From this church, he who overcomes will be clothed in white garments, and his name will not be blotted out from the [[Book of Life]]; his name will also be confessed before the Father and his angels. (3:1–6)	+
-	###Admonished to be watchful and to strengthen since their works have not been perfect before God.	+
-	##[[Alaşehir|Philadelphia]]: From this church, he who overcomes will be made a pillar in the temple of God having the name of God, the name of the city of God, "[[New Jerusalem]]", and the [[Son of God]]'s new name. (3:7–13)	+
-	### Praised for having some strength, keeping "My word", and having not denied "My name."	+
-	### Reminded to hold fast what they have, that no one may take their crown.	+
-	##[[Laodicean Church|Laodicea]]: From this church, he who overcomes will be granted the opportunity to sit with the Son of God on his throne. (3:14–22)	+
-	### Admonished to be zealous and repent from being "lukewarm"; they are instructed to buy the "gold refined in the fire", that they may be rich; to buy "white garments", that they may be clothed, so that the shame of their nakedness would not be revealed; to anoint their eyes with eye salve, that they may see.	+
-	#Before the Throne of God	+
-	## The [[Throne of God]] appears, surrounded by twenty four thrones with twenty-four elders seated in them. (4:1–5)	+
-	## The four [[Living creatures (Bible)|living creatures]] are introduced. (4:6–11)	+
-	## A scroll, with seven seals, is presented and it is declared that the [[Lion of Judah|Lion of the tribe of Judah]], from the "Root of [[King David|David]]", is the only one worthy to open this scroll. (5:1–5)	+
-	## When the "Lamb having seven horns and seven eyes" took the scroll, the creatures of heaven fell down before the Lamb to give him praise, joined by myriads of angels and the creatures of the earth. (5:6–14)	+
-	#[[Seven Seals]] are opened	+
-	##First Seal: A white horse appears, whose crowned rider has a bow with which to conquer. (6:1–2)	+
-	##Second Seal: A red horse appears, whose rider is granted a "great sword" to take peace from the earth. (6:3–4)	+
-	##Third Seal: A black horse appears, whose rider has "a pair of balances in his hand", where a voice then says, "A measure of wheat for a penny, and three measures of barley for a penny; and [see] thou hurt not the oil and the wine." (6:5–6)	+
-	##Fourth Seal: A pale horse appears, whose rider is [[Death (personification)#In Christianity|Death]], and [[Hades in Christianity|Hades]] follows him. Death is granted a fourth part of the earth, to kill with sword, with hunger, with death, and with the beasts of the earth. (6:7–8)	+
-	##Fifth Seal: "Under the altar", appeared the souls of martyrs for the "word of God", who cry out for vengeance. They are given white robes and told to rest until the martyrdom of their brothers is completed. (6:9–11)	+
-	##Sixth Seal: (6:12–17)	+
-	### There occurs a great earthquake where "the sun becomes black as sackcloth of hair, and the moon like blood" (6:12).	+
-	### The stars of heaven fall to the earth and the sky recedes like a scroll being rolled up (6:13–14).	+
-	### Every mountain and island is moved out of place (6:14).	+
-	### The people of earth retreat to caves in the mountains (6:15).	+
-	### The survivors call upon the mountains and the rocks to fall on them, so as to hide them from the "wrath of the Lamb" (6:16).	+
-	##Interlude: The 144,000 Hebrews are sealed.	+
-	###[[The 144,000 of the Book of Revelation|144,000]] from the [[Twelve Tribes of Israel]] are sealed as servants of God on their foreheads (7:1–8)	+
-	###A great multitude stand before the Throne of God, who come out of the [[Great Tribulation]], clothed with robes made "white in the blood of the Lamb" and having [[Martyr's palm|palm branches]] in their hands. (7:9–17)	+
-	##Seventh Seal: Introduces the seven trumpets (8:1–5)	+
-	###"Silence in heaven for about half an hour" (8:1).	+
-	###Seven angels are each given trumpets (8:2).	+
-	###An eighth angel takes a "golden [[censer]]", filled with fire from the heavenly altar, and throws it to the earth (8:3–5). What follows are "peals of thunder, rumblings, flashes of lightning, and an earthquake" (8:5).	+
-	###After the eighth angel has devastated the earth, the seven angels introduced in verse 2 prepare to sound their trumpets (8:6).	+
-	#[[Seven trumpets]] are sounded (Seen in Chapters 8, 9, and 12).	+
-	##First Trumpet: Hail and fire, mingled with blood, are thrown to the earth burning up a third of the trees and green grass. (8:6–7)	+
-	##Second Trumpet: Something that resembles a great mountain, burning with fire, falls from the sky and lands in the ocean. It kills a third of the sea creatures and destroys a third of the ships at sea. (8:8–9)	+
-	##Third Trumpet: A great star, named [[Wormwood (Bible)|Wormwood]], falls from heaven and poisons a third of the rivers and springs of water. (8:10–11)	+
-	##Fourth Trumpet: A third of the sun, the moon, and the stars are darkened creating complete darkness for a third of the day and the night. (8:12–13)	+
-	##Fifth Trumpet: The First Woe (9:1–12)	+
-	### A "star" falls from the sky (9:1).	+
-	### This "star" is given "the key to the bottomless pit" (9:1).	+
-	### The "star" then opens the bottomless pit. When this happens, "smoke [rises] from [the Abyss] like smoke from a gigantic furnace. The sun and sky [are] darkened by the smoke from the Abyss" (9:2).	+
-	### From out of the smoke, locusts who are "given power like that of scorpions of the earth" (9:3), who are commanded not to harm anyone or anything except for people who were not given the "seal of God" on their foreheads (from chapter 7) (9:4).	+
-	### The "locusts" are described as having a human appearance (faces and hair) but with lion's teeth, and wearing "breastplates of iron"; the sound of their wings resembles "the thundering of many horses and chariots rushing into battle" (9:7–9).	+
-	##Sixth Trumpet: The Second Woe (9:13–21)	+
-	###The four [[Angel|angels]] bound to the great river [[Euphrates]] are released to prepare two hundred million horsemen.	+
-	### These armies kill a third of mankind by plagues of fire, smoke, and brimstone.	+
-	## Interlude: The little scroll. (10:1–11)	+
-	###An angel appears, with one foot on the sea and one foot on the land, having an opened little book in his hand.	+
-	###Upon the cry of the angel, seven thunders utter mysteries and secrets that are not to be written down by John.	+
-	###John is instructed to eat the little scroll that happens to be sweet in his mouth, but bitter in his stomach, and to prophesy.	+
-	###John is given a measuring rod to measure the temple of God, the altar, and those who worship there.	+
-	###Outside the temple, at the court of the holy city, it is trod by the nations for forty-two months ({{frac|3|1|2}} years).	+
-	###[[Two witnesses]] prophesy for 1,260 days, clothed in sackcloth. (11:1–14)	+
-	##Seventh Trumpet: The Third Woe that leads into the [[seven bowls]] (11:15–19)	+
-	###The temple of God opens in heaven, where the ark of his covenant can be seen. There are lightnings, noises, thunderings, an earthquake, and great hail.	+
-	#The Seven Spiritual Figures. (Events leading into the Third Woe)	+
-	##A Woman "clothed with a white robe, with the sun at her back, with the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars" is in pregnancy with a male child. (12:1–2)	+
-	##A great Dragon (with seven heads, ten horns, and seven crowns on his heads) drags a third of the stars of Heaven with his tail, and throws them to the Earth. (12:3–4). The Dragon waits for the birth of the child so he can devour it. However, sometime after the child is born, he is caught up to God's throne while the Woman flees into the wilderness into her place prepared of God that they should feed her there for 1,260 days ({{frac|3|1|2}} years). (12:5–6). War breaks out in heaven between [[Michael (archangel)|Michael]] and the Dragon, identified as that old Serpent, the [[Devil]], or [[Satan]] (12:9). After a great fight, the Dragon and his angels are cast out of Heaven for good, followed by praises of victory for God's kingdom. (12:7–12). The Dragon engages to persecute the Woman, but she is given aid to evade him. Her evasiveness enrages the Dragon, prompting him to wage war against the rest of her offspring, who keep the commandments of God and have the testimony of Jesus Christ. (12:13–17)	+
-	##A Beast (with seven heads, ten horns, and ten crowns on his horns and on his heads names of blasphemy) emerges from the Sea, having one mortally wounded head that is then healed. The people of the world wonder and follow the Beast. The Dragon grants him power and authority for forty-two months. (13:1–5)	+
-	##The Beast of the Sea blasphemes God's name (along with God's tabernacle and his kingdom and all who dwell in Heaven), wages war against the Saints, and overcomes them. (13:6–10)	+
-	##Then, a Beast emerges from the Earth having two horns like a lamb, speaking like a dragon. He directs people to make an image of the Beast of the Sea who was wounded yet lives, breathing life into it, and forcing all people to bear "[[Number of the beast|the mark of the Beast]]", "666". Events leading into the Third Woe:	+
-	##The Lamb stands on [[Mount Zion]] with the 144,000 "first fruits" who are redeemed from Earth and victorious over the Beast and his mark and image. (14:1–5)	+
-	###The proclamations of three angels. (14:6–13)	+
-	###One like the Son of Man reaps the earth. (14:14–16)	+
-	###A second angel reaps "the vine of the Earth" and throws it into "the great winepress of the wrath of God... and blood came out of the winepress... up to one thousand six hundred [[Stadion (unit)|stadia]]." (14:17–20)	+
-	###The temple of the tabernacle, in Heaven, is opened (15:1–5), beginning the "Seven Bowls" revelation.	+
-	###Seven angels are given a golden bowl, from the Four Living Creatures, that contains the seven last plagues bearing the wrath of God. (15:6–8)	+
-	#[[Seven bowls]] are poured onto Earth:	+
-	##First Bowl: A "foul and malignant sore" afflicts the followers of the Beast. (16:1–2)	+
-	##Second Bowl: The Sea turns to blood and everything within it dies. (16:3)	+
-	##Third Bowl: All fresh water turns to blood. (16:4–7)	+
-	##Fourth Bowl: The Sun scorches the Earth with intense heat and even burns some people with fire. (16:8–9)	+
-	##Fifth Bowl: There is total darkness and great pain in the Beast's kingdom. (16:10–11)	+
-	##Sixth Bowl: The Great River Euphrates is dried up and preparations are made for the kings of the East and the final battle at [[Armageddon]] between the forces of good and evil. (16:12–16)	+
-	##Seventh Bowl: A great earthquake and heavy hailstorm: "every island fled away and the mountains were not found." (16:17–21)	+
-	#Aftermath: Vision of John given by "an angel who had the seven bowls"	+
-	##The great Harlot who sits on a scarlet Beast (with seven heads and ten horns and names of blasphemy all over its body) and by many waters: Babylon the Great. The angel showing John the vision of the Harlot and the scarlet Beast reveals their identities and fates (17:1–18)	+
-	## New Babylon is destroyed. (18:1–8)	+
-	##The people of the Earth (the kings, merchants, sailors, etc.) mourn New Babylon's destruction. (18:9–19)	+
-	##The permanence of New Babylon's destruction. (18:20–24)	+
-	#The Marriage Supper of the Lamb	+
-	##A great multitude praises God. (19:1–6)	+
-	##The marriage Supper of the Lamb. (19:7–10)	+
-	#The Judgment of the two Beasts, the Dragon, and the Dead (19:11–20:15)	+
-	##The Beast and the False Prophet are cast into the Lake of Fire. (19:11–21)	+
-	## The Dragon is imprisoned in the Bottomless Pit for a thousand years. (20:1–3)	+
-	##The resurrected martyrs live and reign with Christ for a thousand years. (20:4–6)	+
-	##After the Thousand Years	+
-	###The Dragon is released and goes out to deceive the nations in the four corners of the Earth—[[Gog and Magog]]—and gathers them for battle at the holy city. The Dragon makes war against the people of God, but is defeated. (20:7–9)	+
-	###The Dragon is cast into the Lake of Fire with the Beast and the False Prophet. (20:10)	+
-	###The Last Judgment: the wicked, along with Death and Hades, are cast into the Lake of Fire, which is the second death. (20:11–15)	+
-	#The New Heaven and Earth, and [[New Jerusalem]]	+
-	##A "new heaven" and "new earth" replace the old heaven and old earth. There is no more suffering or death. (21:1–8)	+
-	##God comes to dwell with humanity in the New Jerusalem. (21:2–8)	+
-	##Description of the New Jerusalem. (21:9–27)	+
-	##The River of Life and the Tree of Life appear for the healing of the nations and peoples. The curse of sin is ended. (22:1–5)	+
-	#Conclusion	+
-	##Christ's reassurance that his coming is imminent. Final admonitions. (22:6–21)	+
-	== Interpretations ==	+	3 And hast borne, and hast patience, and for my name's sake hast laboured, and hast not fainted.
-	{{Christian Eschatology}}	+
-	Revelation has a wide variety of interpretations, ranging from the simple historical interpretation, to a prophetic view on what will happen in the future by way of the [[Will of God]] and the [[Woman of the Apocalypse|Woman]]'s victory on Satan ("[[Allegory|symbolic]] interpretation"), to different end time scenarios ("futurist interpretation"),<ref>Robert J. Karris (ed.) The Collegeville Bible Commentary Liturgical Press, 1992 p. 1296.</ref><ref>Ken Bowers, Hiding in plain sight, Cedar Fort, 2000 p. 175.</ref> to the views of critics who deny any spiritual value to Revelation at all,<ref>[[Carl Gustav Jung]] in his autobiography ''Memories Dream Reflections'' said "I will not discuss the transparent prophecies of the Book of Revelation because no one believes in them and the whole subject is felt to be an embarrassing one."</ref> ascribing it to a human-inherited [[Jungian archetypes|archetype]].	+
-	=== Liturgical ===	+	4 Nevertheless I have somewhat against thee, because thou hast left thy first love.
-	==== Paschal liturgical ====	+
-	This interpretation, which has found expression among both Catholic and Protestant theologians, considers the liturgical worship, particularly the [[Easter]] rites, of early Christianity as background and context for understanding the Book of Revelation's structure and significance. This perspective is explained in ''The Paschal Liturgy and the Apocalypse'' (new edition, 2004) by [[Massey H. Shepherd]], an Episcopal scholar, and in [[Scott Hahn]]'s ''The Lamb's Supper: The Mass as Heaven on Earth'' (1999), in which he states that Revelation in form is structured after creation, fall, judgment and redemption. Those who hold this view say that the Temple's destruction (AD 70) had a profound effect on the Jewish people, not only in Jerusalem but among the Greek-speaking Jews of the Mediterranean.<ref>Scott Hahn, ''The Lamb's Supper: The Mass as Heaven on Earth'', {{ISBN|0-385-49659-1}}. New York: Doubleday, 1999.</ref>	+
-	They believe the Book of Revelation provides insight into the early Eucharist, saying that it is the new Temple worship in the New Heaven and Earth. The idea of the Eucharist as a foretaste of the heavenly banquet is also explored by British Methodist Geoffrey Wainwright in his book ''Eucharist and Eschatology'' (Oxford University Press, 1980). According to [[Pope Benedict XVI]] some of the images of Revelation should be understood in the context of the dramatic suffering and persecution of the churches of Asia in the 1st century.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Benedict XVI |first1=Pope |title=John, the Seer of Patmos |url=http://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/audiences/2006/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20060823.html |website=Vatican.va |publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana |access-date=31 May 2020}}</ref>	+	5 Remember therefore from whence thou art fallen, and repent, and do the first works; or else I will come unto thee quickly, and will remove thy candlestick out of his place, except thou repent.
-	Accordingly, they argue, the Book of Revelation should not be read as an enigmatic warning, but as an encouraging vision of Christ's definitive victory over evil.<ref>{{cite web |author=Catholic Online |url=http://www.catholic.org/international/international_story.php?id=20995 |title=Pope Benedict: Read Book of Revelation as Christ's victory over evil – International – Catholic Online |publisher=Catholic.org |date=23 August 2006 |access-date=25 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010122/http://www.catholic.org/international/international_story.php?id=20995 |archive-date=5 October 2013 }}</ref>	+	6 But this thou hast, that thou hatest the deeds of the Nicolaitanes, which I also hate.
-	==== Oriental Orthodox ====	+	7 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the tree of life, which is in the midst of the paradise of God.
-	In the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Coptic Orthodox Church]] the whole Book of Revelation is read during Apocalypse Night or [[Good Friday]].<ref>[http://suscopts.org/resources/literature/222/night-of-the-apocalypse/ "Night of the Apocalypse"], published by [[Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States]], accessed 23 May 2018</ref>	+
-	=== Eschatological ===	+	8 And unto the angel of the church in Smyrna write; These things saith the first and the last, which was dead, and is alive;
-	Most Christian interpretations fall into one or more of the following categories:	+
-	* [[Historicism (Christianity)|Historicism]], which sees in Revelation a broad view of history;	+
-	* [[Preterism]], in which Revelation mostly refers to the events of the [[apostolic era]] (1st century) or, at the latest, the fall of the [[Roman Empire]];	+
-	* [[Amillennialism]], which rejects a literal interpretation of the "millennium" and treats the content of the book as symbolic;	+
-	* [[Postmillennialism]], also rejects a literal interpretation of the "millennium" and sees the world becoming better and better, with the entire world eventually becoming “Christianized;"	+
-	* [[Futurism (Christianity)|Futurism]], which believes that Revelation describes future events (modern believers in this interpretation are often called "[[Millennialism|millennialists]]"); and	+
-	* [[Idealism (Christian eschatology)|Idealism/Allegoricalism]], which holds that Revelation does not refer to actual people or events, but is an [[allegory]] of the spiritual path and the ongoing struggle between [[good and evil]].	+
-	==== Eastern Orthodox ====	+	9 I know thy works, and tribulation, and poverty, (but thou art rich) and I know the blasphemy of them which say they are Jews, and are not, but are the synagogue of Satan.
-	[[File:Apokalipsis XVI.jpg|thumb|An Orthodox [[icon]] of the Apocalypse of St. John, 16th century]]	+
-	Eastern Orthodoxy treats the text as simultaneously describing contemporaneous events (events occurring at the same time) and as prophecy of events to come, for which the contemporaneous events were a form of foreshadow. It rejects attempts to determine, before the fact, if the events of Revelation are occurring by mapping them onto present-day events, taking to heart the Scriptural warning against those who proclaim "He is here!" prematurely. Instead, the book is seen as a warning to be spiritually and morally ready for the end times, whenever they may come ("as a thief in the night"), but they will come at the time of God's choosing, not something that can be precipitated nor trivially deduced by mortals.<ref>{{Cite book	+
-	| last =Averky (Taushev)	+
-	| first =Archbishop	+
-	| year =1996	+
-	| title =The Apocalypse: In the Teachings of Ancient Christianity	+
-	| editor-last =Eng. tr. Fr. [[Seraphim Rose]]	+
-	| place =Platina, California	+
-	| publisher =St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood	+
-	| isbn =978-0-938635-67-3	+
-	| url =https://archive.org/details/apocalypseintea00aver	+
-	| url-access =registration	+
-	}}	+
-	</ref>	+
-	Book of Revelation is the only book of the New Testament that is not read during services by the Byzantine Rite Churches although in the [[Western Rite Orthodoxy|Western Rite Orthodox Parishes]], which are under the same bishops as the Byzantine Rite, it is read.	+	10 Fear none of those things which thou shalt suffer: behold, the devil shall cast some of you into prison, that ye may be tried; and ye shall have tribulation ten days: be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life.
-	==== Protestant ====	+	11 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; He that overcometh shall not be hurt of the second death.
-	{{main|Historicist interpretations of the Book of Revelation}}	+
-	===== Seventh-day Adventist =====	+	12 And to the angel of the church in Pergamos write; These things saith he which hath the sharp sword with two edges;
-	{{main|Historicism (Christianity)#Seventh-day Adventists}}	+
-	Similar to the early Protestants, Adventists maintain a historicist interpretation of the Bible's predictions of the apocalypse.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Holbrook|first1=Frank|title=What prophecy means to this church|journal=Ministry, International Journal for Pastors|volume=56|issue=7|page=21|date=July 1983|url=https://www.ministrymagazine.org/archive/1983/07/what-prophecy-means-to-this-church|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref>	+
-	Seventh-day Adventists believe the Book of Revelation is especially relevant to believers in the days preceding the second coming of Jesus Christ. "The universal church is composed of all who truly believe in Christ, but in the last days, a time of widespread apostasy, a remnant has been called out to keep the commandments of God and the faith of Jesus."<ref>{{cite web|title=Seventh-day Adventist 28 Fundamental Beliefs|url=https://www.adventist.org/fileadmin/adventist.org/files/articles/official-statements/28Beliefs-Web.pdf|website=The Official Site of the Seventh-day Adventist World Church|publisher=General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref> "Here is the patience of the saints; here are those who keep the commandments of God and the faith of Jesus."<ref>{{cite web|title=Revelation 14:12|url=https://biblia.com/books/nkjv/Re14.12|website=Biblia.com|publisher=Logos Research Systems|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref> As participatory agents in the work of salvation for all humankind, "This remnant announces the arrival of the judgment hour, proclaims salvation through Christ, and heralds the approach of His second advent."<ref>{{cite web|title=The Remnant and its Mission|url=https://www.adventist.org/en/beliefs/church/the-remnant-and-its-mission/|website=The Official Site of the Seventh-day Adventist World Church|publisher=General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref> The three angels of Revelation 14 represent the people who accept the light of God's messages and go forth as his agents to sound the warning throughout the length and breadth of the earth.<ref>{{cite web|title=Councils to the Church |page=58|url=https://m.egwwritings.org/en/book/19.422|website=Ellen G. White Writings|publisher=White Estate|access-date=5 October 2018}}</ref>	+	13 I know thy works, and where thou dwellest, even where Satan's seat is: and thou holdest fast my name, and hast not denied my faith, even in those days wherein Antipas was my faithful martyr, who was slain among you, where Satan dwelleth.
-	==== Bahá'í Faith ====	+	14 But I have a few things against thee, because thou hast there them that hold the doctrine of Balaam, who taught Balac to cast a stumblingblock before the children of Israel, to eat things sacrificed unto idols, and to commit fornication.
-	By reasoning analogous with [[Millerism|Millerite]] historicism, [[Bahá'u'lláh]]'s doctrine of [[Progressive revelation (Bahá'í)|progressive revelation]], a modified historicist method of interpreting prophecy, is identified in the teachings of the [[Bahá'í Faith]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Final Consummation: American Bahá'ís, Millerites and Biblical Time Prophecy|url=http://www.mille.org/scholarship/papers/collinswip.html|access-date=28 October 2018}}</ref>	+
-	[[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]], the son and chosen successor of Bahá'u'lláh, has given some interpretations about the 11th and 12th chapters of Revelation in ''[[Some Answered Questions]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last1='Abdu'l-Baha|first1=Abbas Effendi|title=Some Answered Questions|url=http://www.bahai.org/r/469123567|website=bahai.org|access-date=20 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1='Abdu'l-Baha|first1=Abbas Effendi|title=Some Answered Questions|url=http://www.bahai.org/r/617897051|website=bahai.org|access-date=20 April 2017}}</ref> The 1,260 days spoken of in the forms: one thousand two hundred and sixty days,<ref>{{cite web|title=Holy Bible|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+12:6&version=NKJV|website=biblegateway.com|access-date=20 April 2017}}</ref> forty-two months,<ref>{{cite web|title=Holy Bible|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+11:2&version=NKJV|website=biblegateway.com|access-date=20 April 2017}}</ref> refers to the 1,260 years in the [[Islamic Calendar]] (AH 1260 or AD 1844). The "[[two witnesses]]" spoken of are [[Muhammad]] and [[Ali]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/ab/SAQ/saq-11.html|title=Bahá'í Reference Library – Some Answered Questions, pp. 45–61}}</ref> The red Dragon spoken of in Revelation 12:3 – "And there appeared a great wonder in heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads"<ref>{{bibleverse|Revelation|12:3|NKJV}}</ref> – are interpreted as symbolic of the seven provinces dominated by the [[Umayyads]]: Damascus, Persia, Arabia, Egypt, Africa, Andalusia, and Transoxania. The ten horns represent the ten names of the leaders of the Umayyad dynasty: Abu Sufyan, Muawiya, Yazid, Marwan, Abd al-Malik, Walid, Sulayman, Umar, Hisham, and Ibrahim. Some names were re-used, as in the case of Yazid II and Yazid III and the like, which were not counted for this interpretation.<ref>{{cite web|last1='Abdu'l-Baha|first1=Abbas Effendi|title=Some Answered Questions|url=http://www.bahai.org/r/177218635|website=bahai.org|access-date=20 April 2017}}</ref>	+	15 So hast thou also them that hold the doctrine of the Nicolaitanes, which thing I hate.
-	==== The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ====	+	16 Repent; or else I will come unto thee quickly, and will fight against them with the sword of my mouth.
-	The [[Book of Mormon]] states that [[John the Apostle]] is the author of Revelation and that he was [[Foreordination|foreordained]] by God to write it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/1-ne/14.18-27?lang=eng|title=1 Nephi 14:18–27}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=October 2018}}	+
-	[[Doctrine and Covenants]], section 77, postulates answers to specific questions regarding the symbolism contained in the Book of Revelation.<ref name="lds.org">{{cite web|url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/20.35?lang=eng|title=Doctrine and Covenants 20:35}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=October 2018}} Topics include: the sea of glass, the four beasts and their appearance, the 24 elders, the book with seven seals, certain angels, the sealing of the 144,000, the little book eaten by John, and the two witnesses in Chapter 11.	+	17 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the hidden manna, and will give him a white stone, and in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth it.
-	Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints believe that the warning contained in Revelation 22:18–19<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/nt/rev/22.18-19?lang=eng|title=Revelation 22:18–19}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=February 2022}} does not refer to the biblical canon as a whole.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hunter |first=Howard W. |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/1981/04/no-man-shall-add-to-or-take-away?lang=eng&query=book+of+revelation|title=No Man Shall Add to or Take Away}}</ref> Rather, an open and ongoing dialogue between God and the modern-day Prophet and Apostles of the LDS faith constitute an open canon of scripture.<ref name="lds.org"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/pgp/a-of-f/1.9?lang=eng|title=Articles of Faith 1:9}}</ref>	+	18 And unto the angel of the church in Thyatira write; These things saith the Son of God, who hath his eyes like unto a flame of fire, and his feet are like fine brass;
-	==== Esoteric ====	+	19 I know thy works, and charity, and service, and faith, and thy patience, and thy works; and the last to be more than the first.
-	Christian Gnostics are unlikely to be attracted to the teaching of Revelation because the doctrine of salvation through the sacrificed Lamb, which is central to Revelation, is repugnant to Gnostics. Christian Gnostics "believed in the Forgiveness of Sins, but in no vicarious sacrifice for sin ... they accepted Christ in the full realisation of the word; his life, not his death, was the keynote of their doctrine and their practice."<ref>R. [[Frances Swiney]] (Rosa Frances Emily Biggs) ''The Esoteric Teaching of the Gnostics'' London: Yellon, Williams & Co (1909) pp. 3, 4</ref>	+
-	[[James Morgan Pryse]] was an esoteric gnostic who saw Revelation as a western version of the Hindu theory of the [[Chakra]]. He began his work, "The purpose of this book is to show that the Apocalypse is a manual of spiritual development and not, as conventionally interpreted, a cryptic history or prophecy."<ref>James M. Pryse ''Apocalypse Unsealed'' London: Watkins (1910). The theory behind the book is given in [[Arthur Avalon]] (Sir John Woodroffe) ''The Serpent Power'' Madras (Chennai): Ganesh & Co (1913). One version of how these beliefs might have travelled from India to the Middle East, Greece and Rome is given in the opening chapters of [[Rudolf Otto]] ''The Kingdom of God and the Son of Man'' London: Lutterworth (1938)</ref> Such diverse theories have failed to command widespread acceptance. However, Christopher Rowland argues: "there are always going to be loose threads which refuse to be woven into the fabric as a whole. The presence of the threads which stubbornly refuse to be incorporated into the neat tapestry of our world-view does not usually totally undermine that view."<ref>Christopher Rowland ''Revelation'' London: Epworth (1993) p. 5</ref>	+	20 Notwithstanding I have a few things against thee, because thou sufferest that woman Jezebel, which calleth herself a prophetess, to teach and to seduce my servants to commit fornication, and to eat things sacrificed unto idols.
-	==== Radical discipleship ====	+	21 And I gave her space to repent of her fornication; and she repented not.
-	The radical discipleship interpretation asserts that the Book of Revelation is best understood as a handbook for radical discipleship; i.&nbsp;e., how to remain faithful to the spirit and teachings of Jesus and avoid simply assimilating to surrounding society. In this interpretation the primary agenda of the book is to expose as impostors the worldly powers that seek to oppose the ways of God and God's Kingdom.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} The chief temptation for Christians in the 1st century, and today, is to fail to hold fast to the non-violent teachings and example of Jesus and instead be lured into unquestioning adoption and assimilation of worldly, national or cultural values – [[imperialism]], [[nationalism]], and [[civil religion]] being the most dangerous and insidious.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}}	+
-	This perspective (closely related to [[liberation theology]]) draws on the approach of Bible scholars such as [[Ched Myers]], [[William Stringfellow]], [[Richard Horsley]], [[Daniel Berrigan]], Wes Howard-Brook,<ref>{{cite book|title=Unveiling Empire: Reading Revelation Then and Now|last= Howard-Brook|first=Wes|author2=Gwyther, Anthony|publisher=[[Orbis Books]]|year=1999|isbn=978-1-57075-287-2}}</ref> and [[Joerg Rieger]].<ref>{{cite book| title=Christ & Empire: From Paul to Postcolonial Times |last=Rieger| first=Joerg |publisher=[[Fortress Press]]| year=2007| isbn=978-0-8006-2038-7}}</ref> Various [[Christian anarchism|Christian anarchists]], such as [[Jacques Ellul]], have identified the [[State (polity)|State]] and [[political power]] as [[The Beast (Bible)|the Beast]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Christian Anarchism: A Political Commentary on the Gospel |last=Christoyannopoulos |first=Alexandre |author-link=Alexandre Christoyannopoulos |year=2010 |publisher=Imprint Academic |location=Exeter |pages=123–126 |quote=Revelation}}</ref> and the events described, being their doings and results, the aforementioned 'wrath'.	+	22 Behold, I will cast her into a bed, and them that commit adultery with her into great tribulation, except they repent of their deeds.
-	=== Aesthetic and literary ===	+	23 And I will kill her children with death; and all the churches shall know that I am he which searcheth the reins and hearts: and I will give unto every one of you according to your works.
-	[[File:Augsburger Wunderzeichenbuch — Folio 185 crop.jpg|thumb|This artwork from {{lang|de|[[Augsburger Wunderzeichenbuch]]}} illustrates Revelation 11:5-8: "And if anyone would harm them, fire pours from their mouth and consumes their foes. If anyone would harm them, this is how he is doomed to be killed... And when they have finished their testimony, the beast that rises from the bottomless pit will make war on them and conquer them and kill them, and their dead bodies will lie in the street of the great city." ({{c.|1550}})]]	+
-	Literary writers and theorists have contributed to a wide range of theories about the origins and purpose of the Book of Revelation. Some of these writers have no connection with established Christian faiths but, nevertheless, found in Revelation a source of inspiration. Revelation has been approached from Hindu philosophy and Jewish [[Midrash]]. Others have pointed to aspects of composition which have been ignored such as the similarities of prophetic inspiration to modern poetic inspiration, or the parallels with [[Theatre of ancient Greece|Greek drama]]. In recent years, theories have arisen which concentrate upon how readers and texts interact to create meaning and which are less interested in what the original author intended.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Breu |first1=Clarissa |title=Biblical Exegesis without Authorial Intention?: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Authorship and Meaning |date=2019 |publisher=BRILL |location=Leiden |isbn=978-90-04-39581-7}}</ref>	+	24 But unto you I say, and unto the rest in Thyatira, as many as have not this doctrine, and which have not known the depths of Satan, as they speak; I will put upon you none other burden.
-	[[Charles Cutler Torrey]] taught [[Semitic languages]] at [[Yale University]]. His lasting contribution has been to show how prophets, such as the scribe of Revelation, are much more meaningful when treated as poets first and foremost. He thought this was a point often lost sight of because most English bibles render everything in prose.<ref>Charles C. Torrey ''The Apocalypse of John'' New Haven: Yale University Press (1958). Christopher R. North in his ''The Second Isaiah'' London: OUP (1964) p. 23 says of Torrey's earlier Isaiah theory, "Few scholars of any standing have accepted his theory." This is the general view of Torrey's theories. However, Christopher North goes on to cite Torrey on 20 major occasions and many more minor ones in the course of his book. So, Torrey must have had some influence and poetry is the key.</ref> Poetry was also the reason John never directly quoted the older prophets. Had he done so, he would have had to use their (Hebrew) poetry whereas he wanted to write his own. Torrey insisted Revelation had originally been written in Aramaic.<ref>''Apocalypse of John'' p. 7</ref>	+	25 But that which ye have already hold fast till I come.
-	According to Torrey, "The Fourth Gospel was brought to Ephesus by a Christian fugitive from Palestine soon after the middle of the first century. It was written in Aramaic." Later, the Ephesians claimed this fugitive had actually been the beloved disciple himself. Subsequently, this John was banished by Nero and died on Patmos after writing Revelation. Torrey argued that until AD 80, when Christians were expelled from the synagogues,<ref>''Apocalypse of John'' p. 37</ref> the Christian message was always first heard in the synagogue and, for cultural reasons, the evangelist would have spoken in Aramaic, else "he would have had no hearing."<ref>''Apocalypse of John'' p. 8</ref> Torrey showed how the three major songs in Revelation (the new song, the song of Moses and the Lamb and the chorus at 19: 6–8) each fall naturally into four regular metrical lines plus a coda.<ref>''Apocalypse of John'' p. 137</ref> Other dramatic moments in Revelation, such as 6:16 where the terrified people cry out to be hidden, behave in a similar way.<ref>''Apocalypse of John'' p. 140</ref> The surviving Greek translation was a literal translation that aimed to comply with the warning at Revelation 22:18 that the text must not be "corrupted" in any way.	+	26 And he that overcometh, and keepeth my works unto the end, to him will I give power over the nations:
-	[[Christina Rossetti]] was a Victorian poet who believed the sensual excitement of the natural world found its meaningful purpose in death and in God.<ref>"Flowers preach to us if we will hear", begins her poem 'Consider the lilies of the field' ''Goblin Market'' London: Oxford University Press (1913) p. 87</ref> Her ''The Face of the Deep'' is a meditation upon the Apocalypse. In her view, what Revelation has to teach is patience.{{efn|Rossetti remarks that patience is a word which does not occur in the Bible until the New Testament, as if the usage first came from Christ's own lips.<ref> Christina Rossetti ''The Face of the Deep'' London: SPCK (1892) p. 115</ref>}} Patience is the closest to perfection the human condition allows.<ref>"Christians should resemble fire-flies, not glow-worms; their brightness drawing eyes upward, not downward." ''The Face of the Deep'' p. 26</ref> Her book, which is largely written in prose, frequently breaks into poetry or jubilation, much like Revelation itself. The relevance of John's visions{{efn|'Vision' lends the wrong emphasis as Rossetti sought to minimise the distinction between John's experience and that of others. She quoted 1 John 3:24, "He abideth in us, by the Spirit which he hath given us" to show that when John says, "I was in the Spirit" it is not exceptional.}} belongs to Christians of all times as a continuous present meditation. Such matters are eternal and outside of normal human reckoning. "That winter which will be the death of Time has no promise of termination. Winter that returns not to spring ... – who can bear it?"<ref>''The Face of the Deep'' p. 301</ref> She dealt deftly with the vengeful aspects of John's message. "A few are charged to do judgment; everyone without exception is charged to show mercy."<ref>''The Face of the Deep'' p. 292</ref> Her conclusion is that Christians should see John as "representative of all his brethren" so they should "hope as he hoped, love as he loved."<ref>''The Face of the Deep'' p. 495</ref>	+	27 And he shall rule them with a rod of iron; as the vessels of a potter shall they be broken to shivers: even as I received of my Father.
-	Recently, aesthetic and literary modes of interpretation have developed, which focus on Revelation as a work of art and imagination, viewing the imagery as symbolic depictions of timeless truths and the victory of good over evil. [[Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza]] wrote ''Revelation: Vision of a Just World'' from the viewpoint of rhetoric.<ref>Elisabeth Schuessler Fiorenza ''Revelation: Vision of a Just World'' Edinburgh: T&T Clark (1993). The book seems to have started life as ''Invitation to the Book of Revelation'' Garden City: Doubleday (1981)</ref> Accordingly, Revelation's meaning is partially determined by the way John goes about saying things, partially by the context in which readers receive the message and partially by its appeal to something beyond logic.<ref name="Tina Pippin 1993 p. 105">Tina Pippin ''Death & Desire: The rhetoric of gender in the Apocalypse of John'' Louisville: Westminster-John Knox (1993) p. 105</ref>	+	28 And I will give him the morning star.
-	Professor Schüssler Fiorenza believes that Revelation has particular relevance today as a liberating message to disadvantaged groups. John's book is a vision of a just world, not a vengeful threat of world-destruction. Her view that Revelation's message is not gender-based has caused dissent. She says humanity is to look behind the symbols rather than make a fetish out of them. In contrast, Tina Pippin states that John writes "[[Horror fiction|horror literature]]" and "the [[misogyny]] which underlies the narrative is extreme."<ref name="Tina Pippin 1993 p. 105"/>	+	29 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches.
-	[[D. H. Lawrence]] took an opposing, pessimistic view of Revelation in the final book he wrote, ''Apocalypse''.<ref>D H Lawrence ''Apocalypse'' London: Martin Secker (1932) published posthumously with an introduction (pp. v–xli) by Richard Aldington which is an integral part of the text.</ref> He saw the language which Revelation used as being bleak and destructive; a 'death-product'. Instead, he wanted to champion a public-spirited individualism (which he identified with the historical Jesus supplemented by an ill-defined cosmic consciousness) against its two natural enemies. One of these he called "the sovereignty of the intellect"<ref>''Apocalypse'' p. xxiii</ref> which he saw in a technology-based totalitarian society. The other enemy he styled "vulgarity"<ref>''Apocalypse'' p. 6</ref> and that was what he found in Revelation. "It is very nice if you are poor and not humble ... to bring your enemies down to utter destruction, while you yourself rise up to grandeur. And nowhere does this happen so splendiferously than in Revelation."<ref>''Apocalypse'' p. 11</ref> Lawrence did not consider how these two types of Christianity (good and bad in his view) might be related other than as opposites. He noted the difference meant that the John who wrote a gospel could not be the same John who wrote Revelation.	+	===Chapter 3===
-	His specific aesthetic objections to Revelation were that its imagery was unnatural and that phrases like "the wrath of the Lamb" were "ridiculous." He saw Revelation as comprising two discordant halves. In the first, there was a scheme of cosmic renewal in "great Chaldean sky-spaces", which he quite liked. After that, Lawrence thought, the book became preoccupied with the birth of the baby messiah and "flamboyant hate and simple lust ... for the end of the world." Lawrence coined the term "Patmossers" to describe those Christians who could only be happy in paradise if they knew their enemies were suffering in hell.<ref name="Lawrence1995">{{cite book|author=D. H. Lawrence|title=Apocalypse and the Writings on Revelation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=umOIicD8H9oC&pg=PA112|year=1995|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-018781-6|page=112}}</ref>	+	1 And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven Spirits of God, and the seven stars; I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.
-	=== Academic ===	+	2 Be watchful, and strengthen the things which remain, that are ready to die: for I have not found thy works perfect before God.
-	{{Further|higher criticism|apocalyptic literature}}	+
-	Modern biblical scholarship attempts to understand Revelation in its 1st-century historical context within the genre of Jewish and Christian apocalyptic literature.<ref name="Martin 2009"/> This approach considers the text as an address to seven historical communities in Asia Minor. Under this interpretation, assertions that "the time is near" are to be taken literally by those communities. Consequently, the work is viewed as a warning to not conform to contemporary Greco-Roman society which John "unveils" as beastly, demonic, and subject to divine judgment.<ref name="Martin 2009">[[Dale Martin]] 2009 (lecture). {{YouTube|XJ9Gt_R5a-k|"24. Apocalyptic and Accommodation"}}. [[Yale University]]. Accessed 22 July 2013. [http://www.cosmolearning.com/video-lectures/apocalyptic-and-accommodation-6817/ Lecture 24 (transcript)]</ref>	+
-	New Testament narrative criticism also places Revelation in its first century historical context but approaches the book from a literary perspective.<ref>David L. Barr, Tales of the End: A Narrative Commentary on the Book of Revelation (Santa Rosa: Polebridge Press, 1998); Barr, "Narrative Technique in the Book of Revelation". In Oxford Handbook of Biblical Narrative, ed. Danna Nolan Fewell (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016), 376–88</ref> For example, narrative critics examine characters and characterization, literary devices, settings, plot, themes, point of view, implied reader, implied author, and other constitutive features of narratives in their analysis of the book.	+	3 Remember therefore how thou hast received and heard, and hold fast, and repent. If therefore thou shalt not watch, I will come on thee as a thief, and thou shalt not know what hour I will come upon thee.
-	Although the acceptance of Revelation into the [[Biblical canon|canon]] has, from the beginning, been controversial, it has been essentially similar to the career of other texts.<ref name="Martin 2009b">{{cite web|url=https://cosmolearning.org/video-lectures/from-stories-to-canon-6796/|title=Lecture 2: From Stories to Canon |publisher= CosmoLearning Religious Studies}}</ref> The eventual exclusion of other contemporary apocalyptic literature from the canon may throw light on the unfolding historical processes of what was officially considered orthodox, what was [[heterodox]], and what was even heretical.<ref name="Martin 2009b"/> Interpretation of meanings and imagery are anchored in what the historical author intended and what his contemporary audience inferred; a message to Christians not to assimilate into the Roman imperial culture was John's central message.<ref name="Martin 2009"/> Thus, the letter (written in the apocalyptic genre) is pastoral in nature (its purpose is offering hope to the downtrodden),<ref name="Ehrman Apoc"/> and the symbolism of Revelation is to be understood entirely within its historical, literary, and social context.<ref name="Ehrman Apoc"/> Critics study the conventions of apocalyptic literature and events of the 1st century to make sense of what the author may have intended.<ref name="Ehrman Apoc">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sE2oaGa2fJU| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211028/sE2oaGa2fJU| archive-date=2021-10-28|title=Bart Ehrman Discusses the Apocalypticist|last=Bart D. Ehrman|date=9 June 2016|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>	+	4 Thou hast a few names even in Sardis which have not defiled their garments; and they shall walk with me in white: for they are worthy.
-	Scholar [[Barbara Whitlock]] pointed out a similarity between the consistent destruction of thirds depicted in the Book of Revelation (a third of mankind by plagues of fire, smoke, and brimstone, a third of the trees and green grass, a third of the sea creatures and a third of the ships at sea, etc.) and the [[Persian mythology|Iranian mythology]] evil character [[Zahhak]] or Dahāg, depicted in the [[Avesta]], the earliest religious texts of [[Zoroastrianism]]. Dahāg is mentioned as wreaking much evil in the world until at last chained up and imprisoned on the mythical Mt. Damāvand. The Middle Persian sources prophesy that at the end of the world, Dahāg will at last burst his bonds and ravage the world, consuming one in three humans and livestock, until the ancient hero [[Garshasp|Kirsāsp]] returns to life to kill Dahāg. Whitlock wrote: "Zoroastrianism, the state religion of the Roman Empire's main rival, was part of the intellectual environment in which Christianity came into being, just as were Judaism, the Greek-Roman religion, and the worship of Isis and Mithras. A Zoroastrian influence is completely plausible".<ref>Dr. Barbara Whitlock, "Tracing out the convoluted sources of Christianity" in George D. Barnes (ed.), "Collected New Essays in Comparative Religion"</ref>	+	5 He that overcometh, the same shall be clothed in white raiment; and I will not blot out his name out of the book of life, but I will confess his name before my Father, and before his angels.
-	== Old Testament origins ==	+	6 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches.
-	Much of Revelation employs ancient sources, primarily but not exclusively from the Old Testament. For example, Howard-Brook and Gwyther<ref>Wes Howard-Brook & Anthony Gwyther ''Unveiling Empire'' New York: Orbis (1999) p. 76</ref> regard the [[Book of Enoch]] as an equally significant but contextually different source. "Enoch's journey has no close parallel in the Hebrew scriptures."	+
-	Academics showed little interest in this topic until recently.<ref>S Moyise p. 13 reports no work whatsoever done between 1912 and 1984</ref> An anonymous Scottish commentary of 1871<ref>Anon ''An exposition of the Apocalypse on a new principle of literal interpretation'' Aberdeen: Brown (1871)</ref> prefaces Revelation 4 with the Little Apocalypse of Mark 13, places Malachi 4:5 ("Behold I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the Lord") within Revelation 11 and writes Revelation 12:7 side by side with the role of "the Satan" in the [[Book of Job]]. The message is that everything in Revelation will happen in its previously appointed time.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chapman|first=Charles T.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qPAiFCpfNUEC&q=The+message+is+that+everything+in+Revelation+will+happen+in+its+previously+appointed+time&pg=PA12|title=The Message of the Book of Revelation|date=1995|publisher=Liturgical Press|isbn=978-0-8146-2111-0|language=en}}</ref>	+	7 And to the angel of the church in Philadelphia write; These things saith he that is holy, he that is true, he that hath the key of David, he that openeth, and no man shutteth; and shutteth, and no man openeth;
-	[[Steve Moyise]] uses the index of the United Bible Societies' Greek New Testament to show that "Revelation contains more Old Testament [[allusion]]s than any other New Testament book, but it does not record a single quotation."<ref>S. Moyise ''The Old Testament in the Book of Revelation'' Sheffield: [[Sheffield Academic Press]] (1995) p. 31</ref> Perhaps significantly, Revelation chooses different sources than other New Testament books. Revelation concentrates on Isaiah, Psalms, and Ezekiel, while neglecting, comparatively speaking, the books of the Pentateuch that are the dominant sources for other New Testament writers.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}}	+	8 I know thy works: behold, I have set before thee an open door, and no man can shut it: for thou hast a little strength, and hast kept my word, and hast not denied my name.
-	Yet, with Revelation, the problems might be judged more fundamental. The author seems to be using his sources in a completely different way to the originals. For example, the author borrows the 'new temple' imagery of Ezekiel 40–48 but uses it to describe a New Jerusalem which, quite pointedly, no longer needs a temple because it is God's dwelling. [[Ian Boxall]]<ref>Ian Boxall The Revelation of St John London: Continuum & Peabody MA: Hendrickson (2006) p. 254</ref> writes that Revelation "is no montage of biblical quotations (that is not John's way) but a wealth of allusions and evocations rewoven into something new and creative." In trying to identify this "something new", Boxall argues that Ezekiel provides the 'backbone' for Revelation. He sets out a comparative table listing the chapters of Revelation in sequence and linking most of them to the structurally corresponding chapter in Ezekiel. The interesting point is that the order is not the same. John, on this theory, rearranges Ezekiel to suit his own purposes.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}}	+	9 Behold, I will make them of the synagogue of Satan, which say they are Jews, and are not, but do lie; behold, I will make them to come and worship before thy feet, and to know that I have loved thee.
-	Some commentators argue that it is these purposes – and not the structure – that really matter. [[Gregory Beale|G. K. Beale]] believes that, however much John makes use of Ezekiel, his ultimate purpose is to present Revelation as a fulfillment of [[Daniel 7]].<ref>G. K. Beale John's use of the Old Testament in Revelation Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press (1998) p. 109</ref> [[Richard Bauckham]] has argued that John presents an early view of the Trinity through his descriptions of the visions and his identifying Jesus and the Holy Spirit with YHWH.{{sfn|Bauckham|1993|p=}} Brandon Smith has expanded on both of their proposals while proposing a "trinitarian reading" of Revelation, arguing that John uses Old Testament language and allusions from various sources to describe a multiplicity of persons in YHWH without sacrificing monotheism, which would later be codified in the trinitarian doctrine of [[Nicene Christianity]].<ref>Brandon D. Smith, "The Identification of Jesus with YHWH in the Book of Revelation, Criswell Theological Review (2016)</ref>	+	10 Because thou hast kept the word of my patience, I also will keep thee from the hour of temptation, which shall come upon all the world, to try them that dwell upon the earth.
-	== Figures in Revelation ==	+	11 Behold, I come quickly: hold that fast which thou hast, that no man take thy crown.
-	In order of appearance:	+
-	{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}	+
-	# The author of John ([[John of Patmos]] or [[John the Apostle]])	+
-	# The [[angel]] who reveals the Revelation of Jesus Christ	+
-	# The One who sits on the [[Throne of God#Revelation|Throne]]	+
-	# Twenty-four crowned [[Elder (Christianity)|elders]]	+
-	# Four [[Living creatures (Bible)|living creatures]]	+
-	# The [[Lion of Judah]] who is the seven horned Lamb with seven eyes	+
-	# [[Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse]]	+
-	# The souls of those who had been slain for the word of God, each given a white robe	+
-	# Four angels holding the four winds of the Earth	+
-	# The seal-bearer angel (144,000 of Israel sealed)	+
-	# A great multitude from every nation	+
-	# [[Seven trumpets|Seven angelic trumpeters]]	+
-	# The star called [[Wormwood (star)|Wormwood]]	+
-	# Angel of Woe	+
-	# [[Scorpion]]-tailed [[Locust]]s	+
-	# [[Abaddon]]	+
-	# Four angels bound to the great river [[Euphrates]]	+
-	# Two hundred million lion-headed [[cavalry]]	+
-	# The mighty angel of Seven [[thunder]]s	+
-	# The [[Two witnesses]]	+
-	# [[The Beast (Revelation)|Beast of the Sea]] having seven heads and ten horns	+
-	# [[Woman of the Apocalypse|The Woman]] and her child	+
-	# The [[Dragon]], fiery red with seven heads	+
-	# [[Michael (archangel)|Saint Michael the Archangel]]	+
-	# Lamb-horned [[The Beast (Revelation)#Beast from the earth|Beast of the Earth]]	+
-	# [[The Beast (Revelation)#Image of the beast|Image of the Beast]] of the sea	+
-	# Messages of the three angels	+
-	# The angelic reapers and the grapes of wrath	+
-	# Seven plague angels	+
-	# Seven bowls of wrath	+
-	# The [[False Prophet]]	+
-	# The [[Whore of Babylon]]	+
-	# The rider on a white horse	+
-	# The first resurrection and the thousand years	+
-	# [[Gog and Magog]]	+
-	# Death and [[Hades]]	+
-	{{Div col end}}	+
-	== See also ==	+	12 Him that overcometh will I make a pillar in the temple of my God, and he shall go no more out: and I will write upon him the name of my God, and the name of the city of my God, which is new Jerusalem, which cometh down out of heaven from my God: and I will write upon him my new name.
-	{{Portal|Christianity}}	+
-	{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}	+	13 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches.
-	* [[Alpha and Omega]]	+
-	* [[The Apocalypse (2000 film)|''The Apocalypse'']] – 2000 film	+	14 And unto the angel of the church of the Laodiceans write; These things saith the Amen, the faithful and true witness, the beginning of the creation of God;
-	* [[Apocalypse of John – dated astronomically]]	+
-	* [[Apocalypse of Peter]]	+	15 I know thy works, that thou art neither cold nor hot: I would thou wert cold or hot.
-	* [[Apocalypse of Zerubbabel]]	+
-	* [[Apocalypticism]]	+	16 So then because thou art lukewarm, and neither cold nor hot, I will spue thee out of my mouth.
-	* [[Arethas of Caesarea]]	+
-	* [[Biblical cosmology]]	+	17 Because thou sayest, I am rich, and increased with goods, and have need of nothing; and knowest not that thou art wretched, and miserable, and poor, and blind, and naked:
-	* [[Biblical numerology]]	+
-	* [[Book of Ezekiel]]	+	18 I counsel thee to buy of me gold tried in the fire, that thou mayest be rich; and white raiment, that thou mayest be clothed, and that the shame of thy nakedness do not appear; and anoint thine eyes with eyesalve, that thou mayest see.
-	* [[Christian eschatological differences]]	+
-	* [[Day-year principle]]	+	19 As many as I love, I rebuke and chasten: be zealous therefore, and repent.
-	* [[English Apocalypse manuscripts]]	+
-	* [[Horae Apocalypticae]]	+	20 Behold, I stand at the door, and knock: if any man hear my voice, and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me.
-	* [[Maccabees]]	+
-	* [[Masada]]	+	21 To him that overcometh will I grant to sit with me in my throne, even as I also overcame, and am set down with my Father in his throne.
-	* [[The New Earth]]	+
-	* [[Number of the beast|Number of the Beast]]	+	22 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches.
-	* [[Patmos]]	+
-	* [[Textual variants in the New Testament#Book of Revelation|Textual variants in the Book of Revelation]]	+	===Chapter 4===
-	* [[Vespasian]]	+
-	* [[Woman of the Apocalypse]]	+	1 After this I looked, and, behold, a door was opened in heaven: and the first voice which I heard was as it were of a trumpet talking with me; which said, Come up hither, and I will shew thee things which must be hereafter.
-	{{Div col end}}	+
		+	2 And immediately I was in the spirit: and, behold, a throne was set in heaven, and one sat on the throne.
		+
		+	3 And he that sat was to look upon like a jasper and a sardine stone: and there was a rainbow round about the throne, in sight like unto an emerald.
		+
		+	4 And round about the throne were four and twenty seats: and upon the seats I saw four and twenty elders sitting, clothed in white raiment; and they had on their heads crowns of gold.
		+
		+	5 And out of the throne proceeded lightnings and thunderings and voices: and there were seven lamps of fire burning before the throne, which are the seven Spirits of God.
		+
		+	6 And before the throne there was a sea of glass like unto crystal: and in the midst of the throne, and round about the throne, were four beasts full of eyes before and behind.
		+
		+	7 And the first beast was like a lion, and the second beast like a calf, and the third beast had a face as a man, and the fourth beast was like a flying eagle.
		+
		+	8 And the four beasts had each of them six wings about him; and they were full of eyes within: and they rest not day and night, saying, Holy, holy, holy, LORD God Almighty, which was, and is, and is to come.
		+
		+	9 And when those beasts give glory and honour and thanks to him that sat on the throne, who liveth for ever and ever,
		+
		+	10 The four and twenty elders fall down before him that sat on the throne, and worship him that liveth for ever and ever, and cast their crowns before the throne, saying,
		+
		+	11 Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honour and power: for thou hast created all things, and for thy pleasure they are and were created.
		+
		+	===Chapter 5===
		+
		+	1 And I saw in the right hand of him that sat on the throne a book written within and on the backside, sealed with seven seals.
		+
		+	2 And I saw a strong angel proclaiming with a loud voice, Who is worthy to open the book, and to loose the seals thereof?
		+
		+	3 And no man in heaven, nor in earth, neither under the earth, was able to open the book, neither to look thereon.
		+
		+	4 And I wept much, because no man was found worthy to open and to read the book, neither to look thereon.
		+
		+	5 And one of the elders saith unto me, Weep not: behold, the Lion of the tribe of Juda, the Root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof.
		+
		+	6 And I beheld, and, lo, in the midst of the throne and of the four beasts, and in the midst of the elders, stood a Lamb as it had been slain, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God sent forth into all the earth.
		+
		+	7 And he came and took the book out of the right hand of him that sat upon the throne.
		+
		+	8 And when he had taken the book, the four beasts and four and twenty elders fell down before the Lamb, having every one of them harps, and golden vials full of odours, which are the prayers of saints.
		+
		+	9 And they sung a new song, saying, Thou art worthy to take the book, and to open the seals thereof: for thou wast slain, and hast redeemed us to God by thy blood out of every kindred, and tongue, and people, and nation;
		+
		+	10 And hast made us unto our God kings and priests: and we shall reign on the earth.
		+
		+	11 And I beheld, and I heard the voice of many angels round about the throne and the beasts and the elders: and the number of them was ten thousand times ten thousand, and thousands of thousands;
		+
		+	12 Saying with a loud voice, Worthy is the Lamb that was slain to receive power, and riches, and wisdom, and strength, and honour, and glory, and blessing.
		+
		+	13 And every creature which is in heaven, and on the earth, and under the earth, and such as are in the sea, and all that are in them, heard I saying, Blessing, and honour, and glory, and power, be unto him that sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb for ever and ever.
		+
		+	14 And the four beasts said, Amen. And the four and twenty elders fell down and worshipped him that liveth for ever and ever.
		+
		+	===Chapter 6===
		+
		+	1 And I saw when the Lamb opened one of the seals, and I heard, as it were the noise of thunder, one of the four beasts saying, Come and see.
		+
		+	2 And I saw, and behold a white horse: and he that sat on him had a bow; and a crown was given unto him: and he went forth conquering, and to conquer.
		+
		+	3 And when he had opened the second seal, I heard the second beast say, Come and see.
		+
		+	4 And there went out another horse that was red: and power was given to him that sat thereon to take peace from the earth, and that they should kill one another: and there was given unto him a great sword.
		+
		+	5 And when he had opened the third seal, I heard the third beast say, Come and see. And I beheld, and lo a black horse; and he that sat on him had a pair of balances in his hand.
		+
		+	6 And I heard a voice in the midst of the four beasts say, A measure of wheat for a penny, and three measures of barley for a penny; and see thou hurt not the oil and the wine.
		+
		+	7 And when he had opened the fourth seal, I heard the voice of the fourth beast say, Come and see.
		+
		+	8 And I looked, and behold a pale horse: and his name that sat on him was Death, and Hell followed with him. And power was given unto them over the fourth part of the earth, to kill with sword, and with hunger, and with death, and with the beasts of the earth.
		+
		+	9 And when he had opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of them that were slain for the word of God, and for the testimony which they held:
		+
		+	10 And they cried with a loud voice, saying, How long, O Lord, holy and true, dost thou not judge and avenge our blood on them that dwell on the earth?
		+
		+	11 And white robes were given unto every one of them; and it was said unto them, that they should rest yet for a little season, until their fellowservants also and their brethren, that should be killed as they were, should be fulfilled.
		+
		+	12 And I beheld when he had opened the sixth seal, and, lo, there was a great earthquake; and the sun became black as sackcloth of hair, and the moon became as blood;
		+
		+	13 And the stars of heaven fell unto the earth, even as a fig tree casteth her untimely figs, when she is shaken of a mighty wind.
		+
		+	14 And the heaven departed as a scroll when it is rolled together; and every mountain and island were moved out of their places.
		+
		+	15 And the kings of the earth, and the great men, and the rich men, and the chief captains, and the mighty men, and every bondman, and every free man, hid themselves in the dens and in the rocks of the mountains;
		+
		+	16 And said to the mountains and rocks, Fall on us, and hide us from the face of him that sitteth on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb:
		+
		+	17 For the great day of his wrath is come; and who shall be able to stand?
		+
		+	===Chapter 7===
		+
		+	1 And after these things I saw four angels standing on the four corners of the earth, holding the four winds of the earth, that the wind should not blow on the earth, nor on the sea, nor on any tree.
		+
		+	2 And I saw another angel ascending from the east, having the seal of the living God: and he cried with a loud voice to the four angels, to whom it was given to hurt the earth and the sea,
		+
		+	3 Saying, Hurt not the earth, neither the sea, nor the trees, till we have sealed the servants of our God in their foreheads.
		+
		+	4 And I heard the number of them which were sealed: and there were sealed an hundred and forty and four thousand of all the tribes of the children of Israel.
		+
		+	5 Of the tribe of Juda were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Reuben were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Gad were sealed twelve thousand.
		+
		+	6 Of the tribe of Aser were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Nepthalim were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Manasses were sealed twelve thousand.
		+
		+	7 Of the tribe of Simeon were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Levi were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Issachar were sealed twelve thousand.
		+
		+	8 Of the tribe of Zabulon were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Joseph were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Benjamin were sealed twelve thousand.
		+
		+	9 After this I beheld, and, lo, a great multitude, which no man could number, of all nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues, stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palms in their hands;
		+
		+	10 And cried with a loud voice, saying, Salvation to our God which sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb.
		+
		+	11 And all the angels stood round about the throne, and about the elders and the four beasts, and fell before the throne on their faces, and worshipped God,
		+
		+	12 Saying, Amen: Blessing, and glory, and wisdom, and thanksgiving, and honour, and power, and might, be unto our God for ever and ever. Amen.
		+
		+	13 And one of the elders answered, saying unto me, What are these which are arrayed in white robes? and whence came they?
		+
		+	14 And I said unto him, Sir, thou knowest. And he said to me, These are they which came out of great tribulation, and have washed their robes, and made them white in the blood of the Lamb.
		+
		+	15 Therefore are they before the throne of God, and serve him day and night in his temple: and he that sitteth on the throne shall dwell among them.
		+
		+	16 They shall hunger no more, neither thirst any more; neither shall the sun light on them, nor any heat.
		+
		+	17 For the Lamb which is in the midst of the throne shall feed them, and shall lead them unto living fountains of waters: and God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes.
		+
		+	===Chapter 8===
		+
		+	1 And when he had opened the seventh seal, there was silence in heaven about the space of half an hour.
		+
		+	2 And I saw the seven angels which stood before God; and to them were given seven trumpets.
		+
		+	3 And another angel came and stood at the altar, having a golden censer; and there was given unto him much incense, that he should offer it with the prayers of all saints upon the golden altar which was before the throne.
		+
		+	4 And the smoke of the incense, which came with the prayers of the saints, ascended up before God out of the angel's hand.
		+
		+	5 And the angel took the censer, and filled it with fire of the altar, and cast it into the earth: and there were voices, and thunderings, and lightnings, and an earthquake.
		+
		+	6 And the seven angels which had the seven trumpets prepared themselves to sound.
		+
		+	7 The first angel sounded, and there followed hail and fire mingled with blood, and they were cast upon the earth: and the third part of trees was burnt up, and all green grass was burnt up.
		+
		+	8 And the second angel sounded, and as it were a great mountain burning with fire was cast into the sea: and the third part of the sea became blood;
		+
		+	9 And the third part of the creatures which were in the sea, and had life, died; and the third part of the ships were destroyed.
		+
		+	10 And the third angel sounded, and there fell a great star from heaven, burning as it were a lamp, and it fell upon the third part of the rivers, and upon the fountains of waters;
		+
		+	11 And the name of the star is called Wormwood: and the third part of the waters became wormwood; and many men died of the waters, because they were made bitter.
		+
		+	12 And the fourth angel sounded, and the third part of the sun was smitten, and the third part of the moon, and the third part of the stars; so as the third part of them was darkened, and the day shone not for a third part of it, and the night likewise.
		+
		+	13 And I beheld, and heard an angel flying through the midst of heaven, saying with a loud voice, Woe, woe, woe, to the inhabiters of the earth by reason of the other voices of the trumpet of the three angels, which are yet to sound!
		+
		+	===Chapter 9===
		+
		+	1 And the fifth angel sounded, and I saw a star fall from heaven unto the earth: and to him was given the key of the bottomless pit.
		+
		+	2 And he opened the bottomless pit; and there arose a smoke out of the pit, as the smoke of a great furnace; and the sun and the air were darkened by reason of the smoke of the pit.
		+
		+	3 And there came out of the smoke locusts upon the earth: and unto them was given power, as the scorpions of the earth have power.
		+
		+	4 And it was commanded them that they should not hurt the grass of the earth, neither any green thing, neither any tree; but only those men which have not the seal of God in their foreheads.
		+
		+	5 And to them it was given that they should not kill them, but that they should be tormented five months: and their torment was as the torment of a scorpion, when he striketh a man.
		+
		+	6 And in those days shall men seek death, and shall not find it; and shall desire to die, and death shall flee from them.
		+
		+	7 And the shapes of the locusts were like unto horses prepared unto battle; and on their heads were as it were crowns like gold, and their faces were as the faces of men.
		+
		+	8 And they had hair as the hair of women, and their teeth were as the teeth of lions.
		+
		+	9 And they had breastplates, as it were breastplates of iron; and the sound of their wings was as the sound of chariots of many horses running to battle.
		+
		+	10 And they had tails like unto scorpions, and there were stings in their tails: and their power was to hurt men five months.
		+
		+	11 And they had a king over them, which is the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon, but in the Greek tongue hath his name Apollyon.
		+
		+	12 One woe is past; and, behold, there come two woes more hereafter.
		+
		+	13 And the sixth angel sounded, and I heard a voice from the four horns of the golden altar which is before God,
		+
		+	14 Saying to the sixth angel which had the trumpet, Loose the four angels which are bound in the great river Euphrates.
		+
		+	15 And the four angels were loosed, which were prepared for an hour, and a day, and a month, and a year, for to slay the third part of men.
		+
		+	16 And the number of the army of the horsemen were two hundred thousand thousand: and I heard the number of them.
		+
		+	17 And thus I saw the horses in the vision, and them that sat on them, having breastplates of fire, and of jacinth, and brimstone: and the heads of the horses were as the heads of lions; and out of their mouths issued fire and smoke and brimstone.
		+
		+	18 By these three was the third part of men killed, by the fire, and by the smoke, and by the brimstone, which issued out of their mouths.
		+
		+	19 For their power is in their mouth, and in their tails: for their tails were like unto serpents, and had heads, and with them they do hurt.
		+
		+	20 And the rest of the men which were not killed by these plagues yet repented not of the works of their hands, that they should not worship devils, and idols of gold, and silver, and brass, and stone, and of wood: which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk:
		+
		+	21 Neither repented they of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.
		+
		+	===Chapter 10===
		+
		+	1 And I saw another mighty angel come down from heaven, clothed with a cloud: and a rainbow was upon his head, and his face was as it were the sun, and his feet as pillars of fire:
		+
		+	2 And he had in his hand a little book open: and he set his right foot upon the sea, and his left foot on the earth,
		+
		+	3 And cried with a loud voice, as when a lion roareth: and when he had cried, seven thunders uttered their voices.
		+
		+	4 And when the seven thunders had uttered their voices, I was about to write: and I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, Seal up those things which the seven thunders uttered, and write them not.
		+
		+	5 And the angel which I saw stand upon the sea and upon the earth lifted up his hand to heaven,
		+
		+	6 And sware by him that liveth for ever and ever, who created heaven, and the things that therein are, and the earth, and the things that therein are, and the sea, and the things which are therein, that there should be time no longer:
		+
		+	7 But in the days of the voice of the seventh angel, when he shall begin to sound, the mystery of God should be finished, as he hath declared to his servants the prophets.
		+
		+	8 And the voice which I heard from heaven spake unto me again, and said, Go and take the little book which is open in the hand of the angel which standeth upon the sea and upon the earth.
		+
		+	9 And I went unto the angel, and said unto him, Give me the little book. And he said unto me, Take it, and eat it up; and it shall make thy belly bitter, but it shall be in thy mouth sweet as honey.
		+
		+	10 And I took the little book out of the angel's hand, and ate it up; and it was in my mouth sweet as honey: and as soon as I had eaten it, my belly was bitter.
		+
		+	11 And he said unto me, Thou must prophesy again before many peoples, and nations, and tongues, and kings.
		+
		+	===Chapter 11===
		+
		+	1 And there was given me a reed like unto a rod: and the angel stood, saying, Rise, and measure the temple of God, and the altar, and them that worship therein.
		+
		+	2 But the court which is without the temple leave out, and measure it not; for it is given unto the Gentiles: and the holy city shall they tread under foot forty and two months.
		+
		+	3 And I will give power unto my two witnesses, and they shall prophesy a thousand two hundred and threescore days, clothed in sackcloth.
		+
		+	4 These are the two olive trees, and the two candlesticks standing before the God of the earth.
		+
		+	5 And if any man will hurt them, fire proceedeth out of their mouth, and devoureth their enemies: and if any man will hurt them, he must in this manner be killed.
		+
		+	6 These have power to shut heaven, that it rain not in the days of their prophecy: and have power over waters to turn them to blood, and to smite the earth with all plagues, as often as they will.
		+
		+	7 And when they shall have finished their testimony, the beast that ascendeth out of the bottomless pit shall make war against them, and shall overcome them, and kill them.
		+
		+	8 And their dead bodies shall lie in the street of the great city, which spiritually is called Sodom and Egypt, where also our Lord was crucified.
		+
		+	9 And they of the people and kindreds and tongues and nations shall see their dead bodies three days and an half, and shall not suffer their dead bodies to be put in graves.
		+
		+	10 And they that dwell upon the earth shall rejoice over them, and make merry, and shall send gifts one to another; because these two prophets tormented them that dwelt on the earth.
		+
		+	11 And after three days and an half the spirit of life from God entered into them, and they stood upon their feet; and great fear fell upon them which saw them.
		+
		+	12 And they heard a great voice from heaven saying unto them, Come up hither. And they ascended up to heaven in a cloud; and their enemies beheld them.
		+
		+	13 And the same hour was there a great earthquake, and the tenth part of the city fell, and in the earthquake were slain of men seven thousand: and the remnant were affrighted, and gave glory to the God of heaven.
		+
		+	14 The second woe is past; and, behold, the third woe cometh quickly.
		+
		+	15 And the seventh angel sounded; and there were great voices in heaven, saying, The kingdoms of this world are become the kingdoms of our Lord, and of his Christ; and he shall reign for ever and ever.
		+
		+	16 And the four and twenty elders, which sat before God on their seats, fell upon their faces, and worshipped God,
		+
		+	17 Saying, We give thee thanks, O LORD God Almighty, which art, and wast, and art to come; because thou hast taken to thee thy great power, and hast reigned.
		+
		+	18 And the nations were angry, and thy wrath is come, and the time of the dead, that they should be judged, and that thou shouldest give reward unto thy servants the prophets, and to the saints, and them that fear thy name, small and great; and shouldest destroy them which destroy the earth.
		+
		+	19 And the temple of God was opened in heaven, and there was seen in his temple the ark of his testament: and there were lightnings, and voices, and thunderings, and an earthquake, and great hail.
		+
		+	===Chapter 12===
		+
		+	1 And there appeared a great wonder in Heaven; a woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars:
		+
		+	2 And she being with child cried, travailing in birth, and pained to be delivered.
		+
		+	3 And there appeared another wonder in Heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads.
		+
		+	4 And his tail drew the third part of the stars of heaven, and did cast them to the earth: and the dragon stood before the woman which was ready to be delivered, for to devour her child as soon as it was born.
		+
		+	5 And she brought forth a man child, who was to rule all nations with a rod of iron: and her child was caught up unto God, and to his throne.
		+
		+	6 And the woman fled into the wilderness, where she hath a place prepared of God, that they should feed her there a thousand two hundred and threescore days.
		+
		+	7 And there was war in heaven: Michael and his angels fought against the dragon; and the dragon fought and his angels,
		+
		+	8 And prevailed not; neither was their place found any more in heaven.
		+
		+	9 And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him.
		+
		+	10 And I heard a loud voice saying in heaven, Now is come salvation, and strength, and the kingdom of our God, and the power of his Christ: for the accuser of our brethren is cast down, which accused them before our God day and night.
		+
		+	11 And they overcame him by the blood of the Lamb, and by the word of their testimony; and they loved not their lives unto the death.
		+
		+	12 Therefore rejoice, ye heavens, and ye that dwell in them. Woe to the inhabiters of the earth and of the sea! for the devil is come down unto you, having great wrath, because he knoweth that he hath but a short time.
		+
		+	13 And when the dragon saw that he was cast unto the earth, he persecuted the woman which brought forth the man child.
		+
		+	14 And to the woman were given two wings of a great eagle, that she might fly into the wilderness, into her place, where she is nourished for a time, and times, and half a time, from the face of the serpent.
		+
		+	15 And the serpent cast out of his mouth water as a flood after the woman, that he might cause her to be carried away of the flood.
		+
		+	16 And the earth helped the woman, and the earth opened her mouth, and swallowed up the flood which the dragon cast out of his mouth.
		+
		+	17 And the dragon was wroth with the woman, and went to make war with the remnant of her seed, which keep the commandments of God, and have the testimony of Jesus Christ.
		+
		+	===Chapter 13===
		+
		+	1 And I stood upon the sand of the sea, and saw a beast rise up out of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns, and upon his horns ten crowns, and upon his heads the name of blasphemy.
		+
		+	2 And the beast which I saw was like unto a leopard, and his feet were as the feet of a bear, and his mouth as the mouth of a lion: and the dragon gave him his power, and his seat, and great authority.
		+
		+	3 And I saw one of his heads as it were wounded to death; and his deadly wound was healed: and all the world wondered after the beast.
		+
		+	4 And they worshipped the dragon which gave power unto the beast: and they worshipped the beast, saying, Who is like unto the beast? who is able to make war with him?
		+
		+	5 And there was given unto him a mouth speaking great things and blasphemies; and power was given unto him to continue forty and two months.
		+
		+	6 And he opened his mouth in blasphemy against God, to blaspheme his name, and his tabernacle, and them that dwell in heaven.
		+
		+	7 And it was given unto him to make war with the saints, and to overcome them: and power was given him over all kindreds, and tongues, and nations.
		+
		+	8 And all that dwell upon the earth shall worship him, whose names are not written in the book of life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world.
		+
		+	9 If any man have an ear, let him hear.
		+
		+	10 He that leadeth into captivity shall go into captivity: he that killeth with the sword must be killed with the sword. Here is the patience and the faith of the saints.
		+
		+	11 And I beheld another beast coming up out of the earth; and he had two horns like a lamb, and he spake as a dragon.
		+
		+	12 And he exerciseth all the power of the first beast before him, and causeth the earth and them which dwell therein to worship the first beast, whose deadly wound was healed.
		+
		+	13 And he doeth great wonders, so that he maketh fire come down from heaven on the earth in the sight of men,
		+
		+	14 And deceiveth them that dwell on the earth by the means of those miracles which he had power to do in the sight of the beast; saying to them that dwell on the earth, that they should make an image to the beast, which had the wound by a sword, and did live.
		+
		+	15 And he had power to give life unto the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak, and cause that as many as would not worship the image of the beast should be killed.
		+
		+	16 And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads:
		+
		+	17 And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name.
		+
		+	18 Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six.
		+
		+	===Chapter 14===
		+
		+	1 And I looked, and, lo, a Lamb stood on the mount Sion, and with him an hundred forty and four thousand, having his Father's name written in their foreheads.
		+
		+	2 And I heard a voice from heaven, as the voice of many waters, and as the voice of a great thunder: and I heard the voice of harpers harping with their harps:
		+
		+	3 And they sung as it were a new song before the throne, and before the four beasts, and the elders: and no man could learn that song but the hundred and forty and four thousand, which were redeemed from the earth.
		+
		+	4 These are they which were not defiled with women; for they are virgins. These are they which follow the Lamb whithersoever he goeth. These were redeemed from among men, being the firstfruits unto God and to the Lamb.
		+
		+	5 And in their mouth was found no guile: for they are without fault before the throne of God.
		+
		+	6 And I saw another angel fly in the midst of heaven, having the everlasting gospel to preach unto them that dwell on the earth, and to every nation, and kindred, and tongue, and people,
		+
		+	7 Saying with a loud voice, Fear God, and give glory to him; for the hour of his judgment is come: and worship him that made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and the fountains of waters.
		+
		+	8 And there followed another angel, saying, Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city, because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.
		+
		+	9 And the third angel followed them, saying with a loud voice, If any man worship the beast and his image, and receive his mark in his forehead, or in his hand,
		+
		+	10 The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation; and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb:
		+
		+	11 And the smoke of their torment ascendeth up for ever and ever: and they have no rest day nor night, who worship the beast and his image, and whosoever receiveth the mark of his name.
		+
		+	12 Here is the patience of the saints: here are they that keep the commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus.
		+
		+	13 And I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, Write, Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord from henceforth: Yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labours; and their works do follow them.
		+
		+	14 And I looked, and behold a white cloud, and upon the cloud one sat like unto the Son of man, having on his head a golden crown, and in his hand a sharp sickle.
		+
		+	15 And another angel came out of the temple, crying with a loud voice to him that sat on the cloud, Thrust in thy sickle, and reap: for the time is come for thee to reap; for the harvest of the earth is ripe.
		+
		+	16 And he that sat on the cloud thrust in his sickle on the earth; and the earth was reaped.
		+
		+	17 And another angel came out of the temple which is in heaven, he also having a sharp sickle.
		+
		+	18 And another angel came out from the altar, which had power over fire; and cried with a loud cry to him that had the sharp sickle, saying, Thrust in thy sharp sickle, and gather the clusters of the vine of the earth; for her grapes are fully ripe.
		+
		+	19 And the angel thrust in his sickle into the earth, and gathered the vine of the earth, and cast it into the great winepress of the wrath of God.
		+
		+	20 And the winepress was trodden without the city, and blood came out of the winepress, even unto the horse bridles, by the space of a thousand and six hundred furlongs.
		+
		+	===Chapter 15===
		+
		+	1 And I saw another sign in heaven, great and marvellous, seven angels having the seven last plagues; for in them is filled up the wrath of God.
		+
		+	2 And I saw as it were a sea of glass mingled with fire: and them that had gotten the victory over the beast, and over his image, and over his mark, and over the number of his name, stand on the sea of glass, having the harps of God.
		+
		+	3 And they sing the song of Moses the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb, saying, Great and marvellous are thy works, Lord God Almighty; just and true are thy ways, thou King of saints.
		+
		+	4 Who shall not fear thee, O Lord, and glorify thy name? for thou only art holy: for all nations shall come and worship before thee; for thy judgments are made manifest.
		+
		+	5 And after that I looked, and, behold, the temple of the tabernacle of the testimony in heaven was opened:
		+
		+	6 And the seven angels came out of the temple, having the seven plagues, clothed in pure and white linen, and having their breasts girded with golden girdles.
		+
		+	7 And one of the four beasts gave unto the seven angels seven golden vials full of the wrath of God, who liveth for ever and ever.
		+
		+	8 And the temple was filled with smoke from the glory of God, and from his power; and no man was able to enter into the temple, till the seven plagues of the seven angels were fulfilled.
		+
		+	===Chapter 16===
		+
		+	1 And I heard a great voice out of the temple saying to the seven angels, Go your ways, and pour out the vials of the wrath of God upon the earth.
		+
		+	2 And the first went, and poured out his vial upon the earth; and there fell a noisome and grievous sore upon the men which had the mark of the beast, and upon them which worshipped his image.
		+
		+	3 And the second angel poured out his vial upon the sea; and it became as the blood of a dead man: and every living soul died in the sea.
		+
		+	4 And the third angel poured out his vial upon the rivers and fountains of waters; and they became blood.
		+
		+	5 And I heard the angel of the waters say, Thou art righteous, O Lord, which art, and wast, and shalt be, because thou hast judged thus.
		+
		+	6 For they have shed the blood of saints and prophets, and thou hast given them blood to drink; for they are worthy.
		+
		+	7 And I heard another out of the altar say, Even so, Lord God Almighty, true and righteous are thy judgments.
		+
		+	8 And the fourth angel poured out his vial upon the sun; and power was given unto him to scorch men with fire.
		+
		+	9 And men were scorched with great heat, and blasphemed the name of God, which hath power over these plagues: and they repented not to give him glory.
		+
		+	10 And the fifth angel poured out his vial upon the seat of the beast; and his kingdom was full of darkness; and they gnawed their tongues for pain,
		+
		+	11 And blasphemed the God of heaven because of their pains and their sores, and repented not of their deeds.
		+
		+	12 And the sixth angel poured out his vial upon the great river Euphrates; and the water thereof was dried up, that the way of the kings of the east might be prepared.
		+
		+	13 And I saw three unclean spirits like frogs come out of the mouth of the dragon, and out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet.
		+
		+	14 For they are the spirits of devils, working miracles, which go forth unto the kings of the earth and of the whole world, to gather them to the battle of that great day of God Almighty.
		+
		+	15 Behold, I come as a thief. Blessed is he that watcheth, and keepeth his garments, lest he walk naked, and they see his shame.
		+
		+	16 And he gathered them together into a place called in the Hebrew tongue Armageddon.
		+
		+	17 And the seventh angel poured out his vial into the air; and there came a great voice out of the temple of heaven, from the throne, saying, It is done.
		+
		+	18 And there were voices, and thunders, and lightnings; and there was a great earthquake, such as was not since men were upon the earth, so mighty an earthquake, and so great.
		+
		+	19 And the great city was divided into three parts, and the cities of the nations fell: and great Babylon came in remembrance before God, to give unto her the cup of the wine of the fierceness of his wrath.
		+
		+	20 And every island fled away, and the mountains were not found.
		+
		+	21 And there fell upon men a great hail out of heaven, every stone about the weight of a talent: and men blasphemed God because of the plague of the hail; for the plague thereof was exceeding great.
		+
		+	===Chapter 17===
		+
		+	1 And there came one of the seven angels which had the seven vials, and talked with me, saying unto me, Come hither; I will shew unto thee the judgment of the great whore that sitteth upon many waters:
		+
		+	2 With whom the kings of the earth have committed fornication, and the inhabitants of the earth have been made drunk with the wine of her fornication.
		+
		+	3 So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns.
		+
		+	4 And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her fornication:
		+
		+	5 And upon her forehead was a name written, MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH.
		+
		+	6 And I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus: and when I saw her, I wondered with great admiration.
		+
		+	7 And the angel said unto me, Wherefore didst thou marvel? I will tell thee the mystery of the woman, and of the beast that carrieth her, which hath the seven heads and ten horns.
		+
		+	8 The beast that thou sawest was, and is not; and shall ascend out of the bottomless pit, and go into perdition: and they that dwell on the earth shall wonder, whose names were not written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, when they behold the beast that was, and is not, and yet is.
		+
		+	9 And here is the mind which hath wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains, on which the woman sitteth.
		+
		+	10 And there are seven kings: five are fallen, and one is, and the other is not yet come; and when he cometh, he must continue a short space.
		+
		+	11 And the beast that was, and is not, even he is the eighth, and is of the seven, and goeth into perdition.
		+
		+	12 And the ten horns which thou sawest are ten kings, which have received no kingdom as yet; but receive power as kings one hour with the beast.
		+
		+	13 These have one mind, and shall give their power and strength unto the beast.
		+
		+	14 These shall make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb shall overcome them: for he is Lord of lords, and King of kings: and they that are with him are called, and chosen, and faithful.
		+
		+	15 And he saith unto me, The waters which thou sawest, where the whore sitteth, are peoples, and multitudes, and nations, and tongues.
		+
		+	16 And the ten horns which thou sawest upon the beast, these shall hate the whore, and shall make her desolate and naked, and shall eat her flesh, and burn her with fire.
		+
		+	17 For God hath put in their hearts to fulfil his will, and to agree, and give their kingdom unto the beast, until the words of God shall be fulfilled.
		+
		+	18 And the woman which thou sawest is that great city, which reigneth over the kings of the earth.
		+
		+	===Chapter 18===
		+
		+	1 And after these things I saw another angel come down from heaven, having great power; and the earth was lightened with his glory.
		+
		+	2 And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird.
		+
		+	3 For all nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her fornication, and the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the abundance of her delicacies.
		+
		+	4 And I heard another voice from heaven, saying, Come out of her, my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues.
		+
		+	5 For her sins have reached unto heaven, and God hath remembered her iniquities.
		+
		+	6 Reward her even as she rewarded you, and double unto her double according to her works: in the cup which she hath filled fill to her double.
		+
		+	7 How much she hath glorified herself, and lived deliciously, so much torment and sorrow give her: for she saith in her heart, I sit a queen, and am no widow, and shall see no sorrow.
		+
		+	8 Therefore shall her plagues come in one day, death, and mourning, and famine; and she shall be utterly burned with fire: for strong is the Lord God who judgeth her.
		+
		+	9 And the kings of the earth, who have committed fornication and lived deliciously with her, shall bewail her, and lament for her, when they shall see the smoke of her burning,
		+
		+	10 Standing afar off for the fear of her torment, saying, Alas, alas that great city Babylon, that mighty city! for in one hour is thy judgment come.
		+
		+	11 And the merchants of the earth shall weep and mourn over her; for no man buyeth their merchandise any more:
		+
		+	12 The merchandise of gold, and silver, and precious stones, and of pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet, and all thyine wood, and all manner vessels of ivory, and all manner vessels of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble,
		+
		+	13 And cinnamon, and odours, and ointments, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and beasts, and sheep, and horses, and chariots, and slaves, and souls of men.
		+
		+	14 And the fruits that thy soul lusted after are departed from thee, and all things which were dainty and goodly are departed from thee, and thou shalt find them no more at all.
		+
		+	15 The merchants of these things, which were made rich by her, shall stand afar off for the fear of her torment, weeping and wailing,
		+
		+	16 And saying, Alas, alas that great city, that was clothed in fine linen, and purple, and scarlet, and decked with gold, and precious stones, and pearls!
		+
		+	17 For in one hour so great riches is come to nought. And every shipmaster, and all the company in ships, and sailors, and as many as trade by sea, stood afar off,
		+
		+	18 And cried when they saw the smoke of her burning, saying, What city is like unto this great city!
		+
		+	19 And they cast dust on their heads, and cried, weeping and wailing, saying, Alas, alas that great city, wherein were made rich all that had ships in the sea by reason of her costliness! for in one hour is she made desolate.
		+
		+	20 Rejoice over her, thou heaven, and ye holy apostles and prophets; for God hath avenged you on her.
		+
		+	21 And a mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone, and cast it into the sea, saying, Thus with violence shall that great city Babylon be thrown down, and shall be found no more at all.
		+
		+	22 And the voice of harpers, and musicians, and of pipers, and trumpeters, shall be heard no more at all in thee; and no craftsman, of whatsoever craft he be, shall be found any more in thee; and the sound of a millstone shall be heard no more at all in thee;
		+
		+	23 And the light of a candle shall shine no more at all in thee; and the voice of the bridegroom and of the bride shall be heard no more at all in thee: for thy merchants were the great men of the earth; for by thy sorceries were all nations deceived.
		+
		+	24 And in her was found the blood of prophets, and of saints, and of all that were slain upon the earth.
		+
		+	===Chapter 19===
		+
		+	1 And after these things I heard a great voice of much people in heaven, saying, Alleluia; Salvation, and glory, and honour, and power, unto the Lord our God:
		+
		+	2 For true and righteous are his judgments: for he hath judged the great whore, which did corrupt the earth with her fornication, and hath avenged the blood of his servants at her hand.
		+
		+	3 And again they said, Alleluia And her smoke rose up for ever and ever.
		+
		+	4 And the four and twenty elders and the four beasts fell down and worshipped God that sat on the throne, saying, Amen; Alleluia.
		+
		+	5 And a voice came out of the throne, saying, Praise our God, all ye his servants, and ye that fear him, both small and great.
		+
		+	6 And I heard as it were the voice of a great multitude, and as the voice of many waters, and as the voice of mighty thunderings, saying, Alleluia: for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth.
		+
		+	7 Let us be glad and rejoice, and give honour to him: for the marriage of the Lamb is come, and his wife hath made herself ready.
		+
		+	8 And to her was granted that she should be arrayed in fine linen, clean and white: for the fine linen is the righteousness of saints.
		+
		+	9 And he saith unto me, Write, Blessed are they which are called unto the marriage supper of the Lamb. And he saith unto me, These are the true sayings of God.
		+
		+	10 And I fell at his feet to worship him. And he said unto me, See thou do it not: I am thy fellowservant, and of thy brethren that have the testimony of Jesus: worship God: for the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.
		+
		+	11 And I saw heaven opened, and behold a white horse; and he that sat upon him was called Faithful and True, and in righteousness he doth judge and make war.
		+
		+	12 His eyes were as a flame of fire, and on his head were many crowns; and he had a name written, that no man knew, but he himself.
		+
		+	13 And he was clothed with a vesture dipped in blood: and his name is called The Word of God.
		+
		+	14 And the armies which were in heaven followed him upon white horses, clothed in fine linen, white and clean.
		+
		+	15 And out of his mouth goeth a sharp sword, that with it he should smite the nations: and he shall rule them with a rod of iron: and he treadeth the winepress of the fierceness and wrath of Almighty God.
		+
		+	16 And he hath on his vesture and on his thigh a name written, KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS.
		+
		+	17 And I saw an angel standing in the sun; and he cried with a loud voice, saying to all the fowls that fly in the midst of heaven, Come and gather yourselves together unto the supper of the great God;
		+
		+	18 That ye may eat the flesh of kings, and the flesh of captains, and the flesh of mighty men, and the flesh of horses, and of them that sit on them, and the flesh of all men, both free and bond, both small and great.
		+
		+	19 And I saw the beast, and the kings of the earth, and their armies, gathered together to make war against him that sat on the horse, and against his army.
		+
		+	20 And the beast was taken, and with him the false prophet that wrought miracles before him, with which he deceived them that had received the mark of the beast, and them that worshipped his image. These both were cast alive into a lake of fire burning with brimstone.
		+
		+	21 And the remnant were slain with the sword of him that sat upon the horse, which sword proceeded out of his mouth: and all the fowls were filled with their flesh.
		+
		+	===Chapter 20===
		+
		+	1 And I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand.
		+
		+	2 And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years,
		+
		+	3 And cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set a seal upon him, that he should deceive the nations no more, till the thousand years should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a little season.
		+
		+	4 And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given unto them: and I saw the souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus, and for the word of God, and which had not worshipped the beast, neither his image, neither had received his mark upon their foreheads, or in their hands; and they lived and reigned with Christ a thousand years.
		+
		+	5 But the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection.
		+
		+	6 Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection: on such the second death hath no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years.
		+
		+	7 And when the thousand years are expired, Satan shall be loosed out of his prison,
		+
		+	8 And shall go out to deceive the nations which are in the four quarters of the earth, Gog, and Magog, to gather them together to battle: the number of whom is as the sand of the sea.
		+
		+	9 And they went up on the breadth of the earth, and compassed the camp of the saints about, and the beloved city: and fire came down from God out of heaven, and devoured them.
		+
		+	10 And the devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are, and shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever.
		+
		+	11 And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away; and there was found no place for them.
		+
		+	12 And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works.
		+
		+	13 And the sea gave up the dead which were in it; and death and hell delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every man according to their works.
		+
		+	14 And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death.
		+
		+	15 And whosoever was not found written in the book of life was cast into the lake of fire.
		+
		+	===Chapter 21===
		+
		+	1 And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth were passed away; and there was no more sea.
		+
		+	2 And I John saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.
		+
		+	3 And I heard a great voice out of heaven saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and he will dwell with them, and they shall be his people, and God himself shall be with them, and be their God.
		+
		+	4 And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away.
		+
		+	5 And he that sat upon the throne said, Behold, I make all things new. And he said unto me, Write: for these words are true and faithful.
		+
		+	6 And he said unto me, It is done. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end. I will give unto him that is athirst of the fountain of the water of life freely.
		+
		+	7 He that overcometh shall inherit all things; and I will be his God, and he shall be my son.
		+
		+	8 But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death.
		+
		+	9 And there came unto me one of the seven angels which had the seven vials full of the seven last plagues, and talked with me, saying, Come hither, I will shew thee the bride, the Lamb's wife.
		+
		+	10 And he carried me away in the spirit to a great and high mountain, and shewed me that great city, the holy Jerusalem, descending out of heaven from God,
		+
		+	11 Having the glory of God: and her light was like unto a stone most precious, even like a jasper stone, clear as crystal;
		+
		+	12 And had a wall great and high, and had twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels, and names written thereon, which are the names of the twelve tribes of the children of Israel:
		+
		+	13 On the east three gates; on the north three gates; on the south three gates; and on the west three gates.
		+
		+	14 And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and in them the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.
		+
		+	15 And he that talked with me had a golden reed to measure the city, and the gates thereof, and the wall thereof.
		+
		+	16 And the city lieth foursquare, and the length is as large as the breadth: and he measured the city with the reed, twelve thousand furlongs. The length and the breadth and the height of it are equal.
		+
		+	17 And he measured the wall thereof, an hundred and forty and four cubits, according to the measure of a man, that is, of the angel.
		+
		+	18 And the building of the wall of it was of jasper: and the city was pure gold, like unto clear glass.
		+
		+	19 And the foundations of the wall of the city were garnished with all manner of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the second, sapphire; the third, a chalcedony; the fourth, an emerald;
		+
		+	20 The fifth, sardonyx; the sixth, sardius; the seventh, chrysolyte; the eighth, beryl; the ninth, a topaz; the tenth, a chrysoprasus; the eleventh, a jacinth; the twelfth, an amethyst.
		+
		+	21 And the twelve gates were twelve pearls: every several gate was of one pearl: and the street of the city was pure gold, as it were transparent glass.
		+
		+	22 And I saw no temple therein: for the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are the temple of it.
		+
		+	23 And the city had no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine in it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the Lamb is the light thereof.
		+
		+	24 And the nations of them which are saved shall walk in the light of it: and the kings of the earth do bring their glory and honour into it.
		+
		+	25 And the gates of it shall not be shut at all by day: for there shall be no night there.
		+
		+	26 And they shall bring the glory and honour of the nations into it.
		+
		+	27 And there shall in no wise enter into it any thing that defileth, neither whatsoever worketh abomination, or maketh a lie: but they which are written in the Lamb's book of life.
		+
		+	===Chapter 22===
		+
		+	1 And he shewed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb.
		+
		+	2 In the midst of the street of it, and on either side of the river, was there the tree of life, which bare twelve manner of fruits, and yielded her fruit every month: and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations.
		+
		+	3 And there shall be no more curse: but the throne of God and of the Lamb shall be in it; and his servants shall serve him:
		+
		+	4 And they shall see his face; and his name shall be in their foreheads.
		+
		+	5 And there shall be no night there; and they need no candle, neither light of the sun; for the Lord God giveth them light: and they shall reign for ever and ever.
		+
		+	6 And he said unto me, These sayings are faithful and true: and the Lord God of the holy prophets sent his angel to shew unto his servants the things which must shortly be done.
		+
		+	7 Behold, I come quickly: blessed is he that keepeth the sayings of the prophecy of this book.
		+
		+	8 And I John saw these things, and heard them. And when I had heard and seen, I fell down to worship before the feet of the angel which shewed me these things.
		+
		+	9 Then saith he unto me, See thou do it not: for I am thy fellowservant, and of thy brethren the prophets, and of them which keep the sayings of this book: worship God.
		+
		+	10 And he saith unto me, Seal not the sayings of the prophecy of this book: for the time is at hand.
		+
		+	11 He that is unjust, let him be unjust still: and he which is filthy, let him be filthy still: and he that is righteous, let him be righteous still: and he that is holy, let him be holy still.
		+
		+	12 And, behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to give every man according as his work shall be.
		+
		+	13 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last.
		+
		+	14 Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city.
		+
		+	15 For without are dogs, and sorcerers, and whoremongers, and murderers, and idolaters, and whosoever loveth and maketh a lie.
		+
		+	16 I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, and the bright and morning star.
		+
		+	17 And the Spirit and the bride say, Come. And let him that heareth say, Come. And let him that is athirst come. And whosoever will, let him take the water of life freely.
		+
		+	18 For I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book, If any man shall add unto these things, God shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book:
-	== Notes ==	+	19 And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book.
-	{{Notelist}}	+
-	== References ==	+	20 He which testifieth these things saith, Surely I come quickly. Amen. Even so, come, Lord Jesus.
-	{{reflist|30em}}	+
-	<!-- this verifies what precisely? academic boosterism? self-published?{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Kim Mark|title=How John Wrote the Book of Revelation: From Concept to Publication|date=2015|publisher=Kim Mark Lewis|location=Lorton, VA|isbn=978-1-943325-00-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ajYCgAAQBAJ}}-->	+
-	== Bibliography ==	+	21 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen.
-	{{refbegin}}	+
-	*{{Cite book	+
-	|last = Ammannati	+
-	|first = Renato	+
-	|title = Rivelazione e Storia. Ermeneutica dell'Apocalisse	+
-	|publisher = Transeuropa	+
-	|year = 2010	+
-	}}	+
-	* Barr, David, L. (1998). ''Tales of the End: A Narrative Commentary on the Book of Revelation.'' Santa Rosa, CA: Polebridge Press, {{ISBN|978-1-59815-033-9}}.	+
-	* Bass, Ralph E., Jr. (2004). ''Back to the Future: A Study in the Book of Revelation'', Greenville, South Carolina: Living Hope Press, {{ISBN|0-9759547-0-9}}.	+
-	*{{Cite book	+
-	|last = Bauckham	+
-	|first = Richard	+
-	|title = The Theology of the Book of Revelation	+
-	|publisher = Cambridge University Press	+
-	|year = 1993	+
-	|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=So0hIAMtTs0C	+
-	|isbn = 978-0-521-35691-6	+
-	}}	+
-	*{{Cite book	+
-	|last1 = Beale	+
-	|first1 = G.K.	+
-	|last2 = McDonough	+
-	|first2 = Sean M.	+
-	|chapter = Revelation	+
-	|editor1-last = Beale	+
-	|editor1-first = G. K.	+
-	|editor2-last = Carson	+
-	|editor2-first = D. A.	+
-	|title = Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament	+
-	|publisher = Baker Academic	+
-	|year = 2007	+
-	|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=e69R5GYemBgC&q=%22No+other+book+of+the+NT+is+as+permeated+by+the+OT+as+is+Revelation%22&pg=PA1081	+
-	|isbn = 978-0-8010-2693-5	+
-	}}	+
-	* [[Gregory Beale|Beale G.K.]] (1999). ''The Book of Revelation'', [[New International Greek Testament Commentary|NIGTC]], Grand Rapids: Cambridge. {{ISBN|0-8028-2174-X}}	+
-	* [[Wilhelm Bousset|Bousset W.]], ''Die Offenbarung Johannis'', Göttingen 1896<sup>5</sup>, 1906<sup>6</sup>.	+
-	* Boxall, Ian, (2006). ''The Revelation of Saint John'' (Black's New Testament Commentary) London: Continuum, and Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson. {{ISBN|0-8264-7135-8}} U.S. edition: {{ISBN|1-56563-202-8}}	+
-	* Boxall, Ian (2002). ''Revelation: Vision and Insight – An Introduction to the Apocalypse'', London: SPCK {{ISBN|0-281-05362-6}}	+
-	* {{Cite book | last = Brown | first = Raymond E. | author-link = Raymond E. Brown | title = Introduction to the New Testament | publisher = Anchor Bible | year = 1997 | isbn = 978-0-385-24767-2 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/introductiontone00brow_0 }}	+
-	*{{Cite book	+
-	|last = Burkett	+
-	|first = Delbert	+
-	|title = An Introduction to the New Testament and the Origins of Christianity	+
-	|publisher = Cambridge University Press	+
-	|year = 2000	+
-	|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EcsQknxV-xQC&q=%22Revelation%22%22usually+classified+as+an+apocalypse%22&pg=PA502	+
-	|isbn = 978-0-521-00720-7	+
-	}}	+
-	*{{Cite book	+
-	|last = Collins	+
-	|first = Adela Yarbro	+
-	|title = Crisis and Catharsis: The Power of the Apocalypse	+
-	|publisher = Westminster John Knox Press	+
-	|year = 1984	+
-	|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Rw9e2DfVxiEC	+
-	|isbn = 978-0-664-24521-4	+
-	}}	+
-	*{{Cite book	+
-	|editor1-last = Couch	+
-	|editor1-first = Mal	+
-	|title = A Bible Handbook to Revelation	+
-	|publisher = Kregel Academic	+
-	|year = 2001	+
-	|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Fg0S-XE7jzUC	+
-	|isbn = 978-0-8254-9393-5	+
-	}}	+
-	*{{cite encyclopedia	+
-	|editor-last1 = Cross	+
-	|editor-first1 = F.L.	+
-	|editor-last2 = Livingstone	+
-	|editor-first2 = E.A.	+
-	| title = Revelation, Book of	+
-	| encyclopedia = The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3 rev. ed.)	+
-	| date = 2005	+
-	| publisher = Oxford University Press	+
-	| url = http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780192802903.001.0001/acref-9780192802903-e-5853	+
-	|doi = 10.1093/acref/9780192802903.001.0001	+
-	|isbn = 978-0-19-280290-3	+
-	}}	+
-	*{{Cite book	+
-	|last = Crutchfield	+
-	|first = Larry V.	+
-	|chapter = Revelation in the New Testament Canon	+
-	|editor1-last = Couch	+
-	|editor1-first = Mal	+
-	|title = A Bible Handbook to Revelation	+
-	|publisher = Kregel Academic	+
-	|year = 2001	+
-	|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Fg0S-XE7jzUC	+
-	|isbn = 978-0-8254-9393-5	+
-	}}	+
-	* {{Cite book |last=Ehrman |first=Bart D. |author-link=Bart D. Ehrman |title=The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings |year=2004 |publisher=Oxford |location=New York |isbn=978-0-19-515462-7 }}	+
-	* Ford, J. Massyngberde (1975). ''Revelation'', The [[Anchor Bible]], New York: Doubleday {{ISBN|0-385-00895-3}}.	+
-	* Gentry, Kenneth L., Jr. (1998). ''Before Jerusalem Fell: Dating the Book of Revelation'', Powder Springs, GA: American Vision, {{ISBN|0-915815-43-5}}.	+
-	* Gentry, Kenneth L., Jr. (2002). ''The Beast of Revelation'', Powder Springs, GA: American Vision, {{ISBN|0-915815-41-9}}.	+
-	* [[Scott Hahn|Hahn, Scott]] (1999). ''The Lamb's Supper: Mass as Heaven on Earth'', Darton, Longman, Todd, {{ISBN|0-8146-5818-0}}	+
-	* Harrington Wilfrid J. (1993). ''Sacra Pagina: Revelation'', Michael Glazier, {{ISBN|978-0-8146-5818-5}}	+
-	* Hernández, Juan (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=8C1YlHaGpooC&pg=PA1&dq=#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Scribal habits and theological influences in the Apocalypse''], Tübingen	+
-	*{{Cite book	+
-	|first = Anthony A.	+
-	|last = Hoekema	+
-	| publisher = Eerdmans	+
-	| year = 1979	+
-	|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=c2yT_7xw35sC&q=calvin+%22book+of+revelation%22&pg=PA297	+
-	|title = The Bible and the future	+
-	| isbn = 978-0-8028-3516-1	+
-	}}	+
-	* Hudson, Gary W. (2006). ''Revelation: Awakening The Christ Within'', Vesica Press, {{ISBN|0-9778517-2-9}}	+
-	* Jennings, Charles A. (2001). ''The Book of Revelation From An Israelite and Historicist Interpretation'', Truth in History Publications. {{ISBN|978-0-9792565-8-5}}.	+
-	* Kiddle M. (1941). ''The Revelation of St. John'' (The Moffat New Testament Commentary), New York – London	+
-	* Kirsch, Thomas (2006). ''A History of the End of the World: How the Most Controversial Book in the Bible Changed the Course of Western Civilization''. New York: HarperOne	+
-	* {{cite book |last=Koester |first=Craig R. |year=2015 |title=Revelation: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ctvBAAAQBAJ |location=[[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]] and [[London]] |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |series=[[Anchor Bible Series|The Anchor Yale Bible Commentaries]] |volume=38A |isbn=9780300216912}}	+
-	* {{cite journal |last=Lietaert Peerbolte |first=Bert Jan |date=September 2021 |title=The Book of Revelation: Plagues as Part of the Eschatological Human Condition |journal=[[Journal for the Study of the New Testament]] |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=75–92 |doi=10.1177/0142064X211025496	+
-	|doi-access=free |issn=1745-5294 |s2cid=237332665 }}	+
-	* [[Ernst Lohmeyer|Lohmeyer, Ernst]] (1953). ''Die Offenbarung des Johannes'', Tübingen	+
-	*{{cite journal	+
-	|last=Lohse	+
-	|first=D. E.	+
-	|year=1988	+
-	|title=Wie christlich ist die Offenbarung des Johannes?	+
-	|journal=New Testament Studies	+
-	|volume=34	+
-	|issue=3	+
-	|pages=321–338	+
-	|doi=10.1017/S0028688500020130	+
-	}}	+
-	* [[Lodowicke Muggleton|Muggleton, Lodowicke]] (2010). ''Works on the Book of Revelation'' London {{ISBN|978-1-907466-04-5}}	+
-	* Müller, U.B. (1995). ''Die Offenbarung des Johannes'', Güttersloh	+
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-	|title = The Canon Debate	+
-	|publisher = Hendrickson Publishers	+
-	|year = 2002	+
-	}}	+
-	*{{Cite book	+
-	|last = McKim	+
-	|first = Donald K.	+
-	|title = The Westminster Dictionary of Theological Terms, Second Edition	+
-	|publisher = Westminster John Knox Press	+
-	|year = 2014	+
-	|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BUaTAwAAQBAJ&q=%22apocalypse%22%22the+final+revealing+of+divine+mysteries%22&pg=PA16	+
-	|isbn = 978-0-664-23835-3	+
-	}}	+
-	*{{Cite book	+
-	|last = Mounce	+
-	|first = Robert H.	+
-	|title = The Book of Revelation	+
-	|publisher = Eerdmans	+
-	|year = 1998	+
-	|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=06VR1JzzLNsC&q=%22lack+of+consensus+about+the+structure+of+Revelation%22&pg=PA32	+
-	|isbn = 978-0-8028-2537-7	+
-	}}	+
-	*{{Cite book	+
-	|last = Pate	+
-	|first = C. Marvin	+
-	|title = Four Views on the Book of Revelation	+
-	|publisher = Zondervan	+
-	|year = 2010	+
-	}}	+
-	* [[Elaine Pagels|Pagels, Elaine]] (2012). ''Revelations: Visions, Prophecy, and Politics in the Book of Revelation'', Viking Adult, {{ISBN|0-670-02334-5}} Prigent P., ''L'Apocalypse'', Paris 1981.	+
-	* {{Cite book |last=Weor |first=Samael Aun |author-link=Samael Aun Weor | title=The Aquarian Message: Gnostic Kabbalah and Tarot in the Apocalypse of St. John | publisher=Thelema Press | orig-year=1960 | year=2004 | isbn=978-0-9745916-5-0}}	+
-	*{{Cite book	+
-	|last = Pattemore	+
-	|first = Stephen	+
-	|title = The People of God in the Apocalypse	+
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-	|year = 2004	+
-	|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yDmP0I52XHYC&q=%22used+the+book%27s+imperial+imagery+for+self-promotion%22&pg=PT35	+
-	|isbn = 978-1-4412-3655-5	+
-	}}	+
-	* {{cite book	+
-	| last = Perkins	+
-	| first = Pheme	+
-	| title = Reading the New Testament: An Introduction	+
-	| publisher = Paulist Press	+
-	| year = 2012	+
-	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=It58APyHyPsC&q=%22This+gospel+makes+use+of+Mark%22&pg=PA19	+
-	| isbn = 978-0-8091-4786-1	+
-	}}	+
-	* Roloff J. (1987). ''Die Offenbarung des Johannes''	+
-	*{{Cite book	+
-	|last1 = Senior	+
-	|first1 = Donald	+
-	|last2 = Getty	+
-	|first2 = Mary Ann	+
-	|title = The Catholic Study Bible	+
-	|publisher = Oxford University Press	+
-	|year = 1990	+
-	}}	+
-	* [[Massey H. Shepherd|Shepherd, Massey H.]] (2004). ''The Paschal Liturgy and the Apocalypse'', James Clarke, {{ISBN|0-227-17005-9}}	+
-	*{{Cite book	+
-	|last = Schnelle	+
-	|first = Udo	+
-	|title = Theology of the New Testament [tr.2009]	+
-	|publisher = Baker Academic	+
-	|year = 2007	+
-	|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KvMrnO6Q9O0C	+
-	|isbn = 978-0-8010-3604-0	+
-	}}	+
-	* {{cite book	+
-	|last=Stonehouse	+
-	|first=Ned B.	+
-	|date=n.d.	+
-	|orig-year=c. 1929	+
-	|title=The Apocalypse in the Ancient Church. A Study in the History of the New Testament Canon	+
-	|location=Goes	+
-	|publisher=Oosterbaan & Le Cointre	+
-	|postscript=[Major discussion of the controversy surrounding the acceptance/rejection of Revelation into the New Testament canon.]	+
-	}}	+
-	*{{Cite book	+
-	|last1 = Stuckenbruck	+
-	|first1 = Loren T.	+
-	|chapter = Revelation	+
-	|editor1-last = Dunn	+
-	|editor1-first = James D. G.	+
-	|editor2-last = Rogerson	+
-	|editor2-first = John William	+
-	|title = Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible	+
-	|publisher = Eerdmans	+
-	|year = 2003	+
-	|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA1535	+
-	|page = 1535	+
-	|isbn = 978-0-8028-3711-0	+
-	}}	+
-	*{{Cite book	+
-	|last = Stephens	+
-	|first = Mark B.	+
-	|title = Annihilation or Renewal?: The Meaning and Function of New Creation in the Book of Revelation	+
-	|publisher = Mohr Siebeck	+
-	|year = 2011	+
-	|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8VZLDaO4aHYC&q=%22traditional+portrait+of+social+setting+became+the+subject+of+sustained+criticism+and+revision%22&pg=PA144	+
-	|isbn = 978-3-16-150838-7	+
-	}}	+
-	* Sweet, J. P. M. (1979, Updated 1990). ''Revelation'', London: SCM Press, and Philadelphia: Trinity Press International. {{ISBN|0-334-02311-4}}.	+
-	*{{Cite book	+
-	|last = Tenney	+
-	|first = Merrill C.	+
-	|title = Interpreting Revelation	+
-	|publisher = Eerdmans	+
-	|year = 1988	+
-	|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xAfI_-YTLE8C&q=%22The+book+of+revelation+contains+a+large+number+of+repeated+phrases%22&pg=PA32	+
-	|isbn = 978-0-8028-0421-1	+
-	}}	+
-	* Vitali, Francesco (2008). ''Piccolo Dizionario dell'Apocalisse'', TAU Editrice, Todi	+
-	*{{Cite book	+
-	|last = Wall	+
-	|first = Robert W.	+
-	|title = Revelation	+
-	|publisher = Baker Books	+
-	|year = 2011	+
-	|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yDmP0I52XHYC&q=%22used+the+book%27s+imperial+imagery+for+self-promotion%22&pg=PT35	+
-	|isbn = 978-1-4412-3655-5	+
-	}}	+
-	* Wikenhauser A., ''Offenbarung des Johannes'', Regensburg 1947, 1959.	+
-	* Witherington III, Ben (2003). ''Revelation'', The New Cambridge Bible Commentary, New York: Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|978-0-521-00068-0}}.	+
-	* [[Theodor Zahn|Zahn Th.]], ''Die Offenbarung des Johannes'', t. 1–2, Leipzig 1924–1926.	+
-	{{refend}}	+
-	== External links ==
-	{{Commons category|Book of Revelation}}
-	{{wikiquote}}
-	{{Wikisource|Revelation (Bible)|Revelation}}
-	* [http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/revelation.html Early Christian Writings:] Apocalypse of John: text, introduction, context
-	* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/500324/Revelation-to-John "Revelation to John."] ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.
-	* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01594b.htm Apocalypse, Book of] – Article from the ''Catholic Encyclopedia''
-	* [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/apocalypse/revelation/white.html Understanding the Book of Revelation] – Article by L. Michael White from PBS ''Frontline'' program "Apocalypse!"
-	*[http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4086 ''The Marvelous Address: The Revelation of the Beloved (Disciple)''] is an 18th-century manuscript about the book of Revelation written in [[Garshuni]] (Arabic written in Syriac script).
-	* [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=248&letter=R ''Jewish Encyclopedia'']
-	* {{librivox book | dtitle=Bible: Revelation| stitle=NT 27: Revelation}} Various versions
	{{GFDL}}		{{GFDL}}

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Current revision

"And I went unto the angel, and said unto him, Give me the little book. And he said unto me, Take it, and eat it up; and it shall make thy belly bitter, but it shall be in thy mouth sweet as honey." --Book of Revelation 10:9 "And there followed another angel, saying, Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city, because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication." --Book of Revelation "And I heard one of the four living creatures saying, as with a voice of thunder, "Come and see!""--Book of Revelation

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Wikipedia Wiktionary Shop Featured: Rhombicuboctahedron by Leonardo da Vinci

The book of Revelation It is most commonly abbreviated as "Rev." is the final book of the New Testament (and consequently the final book of the Christian Bible). Its title is derived from the first word of the Koine Greek text: apokalypsis, meaning "unveiling" or "revelation". The Book of Revelation is the only apocalyptic book in the New Testament canon.

The author names himself as "John" in the text, but his precise identity remains a point of academic debate. Second-century Christian writers such as Papias of Hierapolis, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Melito of Sardis, Clement of Alexandria, and the author of the Muratorian fragment identify John the Apostle as the "John" of Revelation. Modern scholarship generally takes a different view, with many considering that nothing can be known about the author except that he was a Christian prophet. Modern theological scholars characterize the Book of Revelation's author as "John of Patmos". The bulk of traditional sources date the book to the reign of the Roman emperor Domitian (AD 81–96), which evidence tends to confirm.

The book spans three literary genres: the epistolary, the apocalyptic, and the prophetic. It begins with John, on the island of Patmos in the Aegean Sea, addressing a letter to the "Seven Churches of Asia". He then describes a series of prophetic visions, including figures such as the Seven-Headed Dragon, the Serpent, and the Beast, which culminate in the Second Coming of Jesus.

The obscure and extravagant imagery has led to a wide variety of Christian interpretations. Historicist interpretations see Revelation as containing a broad view of history while preterist interpretations treat Revelation as mostly referring to the events of the Apostolic Age (1st century), or, at the latest, the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century. Futurists, meanwhile, believe that Revelation describes future events with the seven churches growing into the body of believers throughout the age, and a reemergence or continuous rule of a Greco-Roman system with modern capabilities described by John in ways familiar to him; and idealist or symbolic interpretations consider that Revelation does not refer to actual people or events but is an allegory of the spiritual path and the ongoing struggle between good and evil.

Contents 1 Figures in Revelation 2 See also 3 Full text[1] 3.1 Chapter 1 3.2 Chapter 2 3.3 Chapter 3 3.4 Chapter 4 3.5 Chapter 5 3.6 Chapter 6 3.7 Chapter 7 3.8 Chapter 8 3.9 Chapter 9 3.10 Chapter 10 3.11 Chapter 11 3.12 Chapter 12 3.13 Chapter 13 3.14 Chapter 14 3.15 Chapter 15 3.16 Chapter 16 3.17 Chapter 17 3.18 Chapter 18 3.19 Chapter 19 3.20 Chapter 20 3.21 Chapter 21 3.22 Chapter 22

Figures in Revelation

In order of appearance:

1. The author of John (John of Patmos or John the Apostle)
2. The angel who reveals the Revelation of Jesus Christ
3. The One who sits on the Throne
4. Twenty-four crowned elders
5. Four living creatures
6. The Lion of Judah who is the seven horned Lamb with seven eyes
7. Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
8. The souls of those who had been slain for the word of God, each given a white robe
9. Four angels holding the four winds of the Earth
10. The seal-bearer angel (144,000 of Israel sealed)
11. A great multitude from every nation
12. Seven angelic trumpeters
13. The star called Wormwood
14. Angel of Woe
15. Scorpion-tailed Locusts
16. Abaddon
17. Four angels bound to the great river Euphrates
18. Two hundred million lion-headed cavalry
19. The mighty angel of Seven thunders
20. The Two witnesses
21. Beast of the Sea having seven heads and ten horns
22. The Woman and her child
23. The Dragon, fiery red with seven heads
24. Saint Michael the Archangel
25. Lamb-horned Beast of the Earth
26. Image of the Beast of the sea
27. Messages of the three angels
28. The angelic reapers and the grapes of wrath
29. Seven plague angels
30. Seven bowls of wrath
31. The False Prophet
32. The Whore of Babylon
33. The rider on a white horse
34. The first resurrection and the thousand years
35. Gog and Magog
36. Death and Hades

See also

• Alpha and Omega
• The Apocalypse – 2000 film
• Apocalypse of John – dated astronomically
• Apocalypse of Peter
• Apocalypse of Zerubbabel
• Apocalypticism
• Arethas of Caesarea
• Biblical cosmology
• Biblical numerology
• Book of Ezekiel
• Christian eschatological differences
• Day-year principle
• English Apocalypse manuscripts
• Horae Apocalypticae
• Maccabees
• Masada
• The New Earth
• Number of the Beast
• Patmos
• Textual variants in the Book of Revelation
• Vespasian
• Woman of the Apocalypse

Full text[1]

Chapter 1

1 The Revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave unto him, to shew unto his servants things which must shortly come to pass; and he sent and signified it by his angel unto his servant John:

2 Who bare record of the word of God, and of the testimony of Jesus Christ, and of all things that he saw.

3 Blessed is he that readeth, and they that hear the words of this prophecy, and keep those things which are written therein: for the time is at hand.

4 John to the seven churches which are in Asia: Grace be unto you, and peace, from him which is, and which was, and which is to come; and from the seven Spirits which are before his throne;

5 And from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, and the first begotten of the dead, and the prince of the kings of the earth. Unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood,

6 And hath made us kings and priests unto God and his Father; to him be glory and dominion for ever and ever. Amen.

7 Behold, he cometh with clouds; and every eye shall see him, and they also which pierced him: and all kindreds of the earth shall wail because of him. Even so, Amen.

8 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.

9 I John, who also am your brother, and companion in tribulation, and in the kingdom and patience of Jesus Christ, was in the isle that is called Patmos, for the word of God, and for the testimony of Jesus Christ.

10 I was in the Spirit on the Lord's day, and heard behind me a great voice, as of a trumpet,

11 Saying, I am Alpha and Omega, the first and the last: and, What thou seest, write in a book, and send it unto the seven churches which are in Asia; unto Ephesus, and unto Smyrna, and unto Pergamos, and unto Thyatira, and unto Sardis, and unto Philadelphia, and unto Laodicea.

12 And I turned to see the voice that spake with me. And being turned, I saw seven golden candlesticks;

13 And in the midst of the seven candlesticks one like unto the Son of man, clothed with a garment down to the foot, and girt about the paps with a golden girdle.

14 His head and his hairs were white like wool, as white as snow; and his eyes were as a flame of fire;

15 And his feet like unto fine brass, as if they burned in a furnace; and his voice as the sound of many waters.

16 And he had in his right hand seven stars: and out of his mouth went a sharp twoedged sword: and his countenance was as the sun shineth in his strength.

17 And when I saw him, I fell at his feet as dead. And he laid his right hand upon me, saying unto me, Fear not; I am the first and the last:

18 I am he that liveth, and was dead; and, behold, I am alive for evermore, Amen; and have the keys of hell and of death.

19 Write the things which thou hast seen, and the things which are, and the things which shall be hereafter;

20 The mystery of the seven stars which thou sawest in my right hand, and the seven golden candlesticks. The seven stars are the angels of the seven churches: and the seven candlesticks which thou sawest are the seven churches.

Chapter 2

1 Unto the angel of the church of Ephesus write; These things saith he that holdeth the seven stars in his right hand, who walketh in the midst of the seven golden candlesticks;

2 I know thy works, and thy labour, and thy patience, and how thou canst not bear them which are evil: and thou hast tried them which say they are apostles, and are not, and hast found them liars:

3 And hast borne, and hast patience, and for my name's sake hast laboured, and hast not fainted.

4 Nevertheless I have somewhat against thee, because thou hast left thy first love.

5 Remember therefore from whence thou art fallen, and repent, and do the first works; or else I will come unto thee quickly, and will remove thy candlestick out of his place, except thou repent.

6 But this thou hast, that thou hatest the deeds of the Nicolaitanes, which I also hate.

7 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the tree of life, which is in the midst of the paradise of God.

8 And unto the angel of the church in Smyrna write; These things saith the first and the last, which was dead, and is alive;

9 I know thy works, and tribulation, and poverty, (but thou art rich) and I know the blasphemy of them which say they are Jews, and are not, but are the synagogue of Satan.

10 Fear none of those things which thou shalt suffer: behold, the devil shall cast some of you into prison, that ye may be tried; and ye shall have tribulation ten days: be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life.

11 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; He that overcometh shall not be hurt of the second death.

12 And to the angel of the church in Pergamos write; These things saith he which hath the sharp sword with two edges;

13 I know thy works, and where thou dwellest, even where Satan's seat is: and thou holdest fast my name, and hast not denied my faith, even in those days wherein Antipas was my faithful martyr, who was slain among you, where Satan dwelleth.

14 But I have a few things against thee, because thou hast there them that hold the doctrine of Balaam, who taught Balac to cast a stumblingblock before the children of Israel, to eat things sacrificed unto idols, and to commit fornication.

15 So hast thou also them that hold the doctrine of the Nicolaitanes, which thing I hate.

16 Repent; or else I will come unto thee quickly, and will fight against them with the sword of my mouth.

17 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the hidden manna, and will give him a white stone, and in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth it.

18 And unto the angel of the church in Thyatira write; These things saith the Son of God, who hath his eyes like unto a flame of fire, and his feet are like fine brass;

19 I know thy works, and charity, and service, and faith, and thy patience, and thy works; and the last to be more than the first.

20 Notwithstanding I have a few things against thee, because thou sufferest that woman Jezebel, which calleth herself a prophetess, to teach and to seduce my servants to commit fornication, and to eat things sacrificed unto idols.

21 And I gave her space to repent of her fornication; and she repented not.

22 Behold, I will cast her into a bed, and them that commit adultery with her into great tribulation, except they repent of their deeds.

23 And I will kill her children with death; and all the churches shall know that I am he which searcheth the reins and hearts: and I will give unto every one of you according to your works.

24 But unto you I say, and unto the rest in Thyatira, as many as have not this doctrine, and which have not known the depths of Satan, as they speak; I will put upon you none other burden.

25 But that which ye have already hold fast till I come.

26 And he that overcometh, and keepeth my works unto the end, to him will I give power over the nations:

27 And he shall rule them with a rod of iron; as the vessels of a potter shall they be broken to shivers: even as I received of my Father.

28 And I will give him the morning star.

29 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches.

Chapter 3

1 And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven Spirits of God, and the seven stars; I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

2 Be watchful, and strengthen the things which remain, that are ready to die: for I have not found thy works perfect before God.

3 Remember therefore how thou hast received and heard, and hold fast, and repent. If therefore thou shalt not watch, I will come on thee as a thief, and thou shalt not know what hour I will come upon thee.

4 Thou hast a few names even in Sardis which have not defiled their garments; and they shall walk with me in white: for they are worthy.

5 He that overcometh, the same shall be clothed in white raiment; and I will not blot out his name out of the book of life, but I will confess his name before my Father, and before his angels.

6 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches.

7 And to the angel of the church in Philadelphia write; These things saith he that is holy, he that is true, he that hath the key of David, he that openeth, and no man shutteth; and shutteth, and no man openeth;

8 I know thy works: behold, I have set before thee an open door, and no man can shut it: for thou hast a little strength, and hast kept my word, and hast not denied my name.

9 Behold, I will make them of the synagogue of Satan, which say they are Jews, and are not, but do lie; behold, I will make them to come and worship before thy feet, and to know that I have loved thee.

10 Because thou hast kept the word of my patience, I also will keep thee from the hour of temptation, which shall come upon all the world, to try them that dwell upon the earth.

11 Behold, I come quickly: hold that fast which thou hast, that no man take thy crown.

12 Him that overcometh will I make a pillar in the temple of my God, and he shall go no more out: and I will write upon him the name of my God, and the name of the city of my God, which is new Jerusalem, which cometh down out of heaven from my God: and I will write upon him my new name.

13 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches.

14 And unto the angel of the church of the Laodiceans write; These things saith the Amen, the faithful and true witness, the beginning of the creation of God;

15 I know thy works, that thou art neither cold nor hot: I would thou wert cold or hot.

16 So then because thou art lukewarm, and neither cold nor hot, I will spue thee out of my mouth.

17 Because thou sayest, I am rich, and increased with goods, and have need of nothing; and knowest not that thou art wretched, and miserable, and poor, and blind, and naked:

18 I counsel thee to buy of me gold tried in the fire, that thou mayest be rich; and white raiment, that thou mayest be clothed, and that the shame of thy nakedness do not appear; and anoint thine eyes with eyesalve, that thou mayest see.

19 As many as I love, I rebuke and chasten: be zealous therefore, and repent.

20 Behold, I stand at the door, and knock: if any man hear my voice, and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me.

21 To him that overcometh will I grant to sit with me in my throne, even as I also overcame, and am set down with my Father in his throne.

22 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches.

Chapter 4

1 After this I looked, and, behold, a door was opened in heaven: and the first voice which I heard was as it were of a trumpet talking with me; which said, Come up hither, and I will shew thee things which must be hereafter.

2 And immediately I was in the spirit: and, behold, a throne was set in heaven, and one sat on the throne.

3 And he that sat was to look upon like a jasper and a sardine stone: and there was a rainbow round about the throne, in sight like unto an emerald.

4 And round about the throne were four and twenty seats: and upon the seats I saw four and twenty elders sitting, clothed in white raiment; and they had on their heads crowns of gold.

5 And out of the throne proceeded lightnings and thunderings and voices: and there were seven lamps of fire burning before the throne, which are the seven Spirits of God.

6 And before the throne there was a sea of glass like unto crystal: and in the midst of the throne, and round about the throne, were four beasts full of eyes before and behind.

7 And the first beast was like a lion, and the second beast like a calf, and the third beast had a face as a man, and the fourth beast was like a flying eagle.

8 And the four beasts had each of them six wings about him; and they were full of eyes within: and they rest not day and night, saying, Holy, holy, holy, LORD God Almighty, which was, and is, and is to come.

9 And when those beasts give glory and honour and thanks to him that sat on the throne, who liveth for ever and ever,

10 The four and twenty elders fall down before him that sat on the throne, and worship him that liveth for ever and ever, and cast their crowns before the throne, saying,

11 Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honour and power: for thou hast created all things, and for thy pleasure they are and were created.

Chapter 5

1 And I saw in the right hand of him that sat on the throne a book written within and on the backside, sealed with seven seals.

2 And I saw a strong angel proclaiming with a loud voice, Who is worthy to open the book, and to loose the seals thereof?

3 And no man in heaven, nor in earth, neither under the earth, was able to open the book, neither to look thereon.

4 And I wept much, because no man was found worthy to open and to read the book, neither to look thereon.

5 And one of the elders saith unto me, Weep not: behold, the Lion of the tribe of Juda, the Root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof.

6 And I beheld, and, lo, in the midst of the throne and of the four beasts, and in the midst of the elders, stood a Lamb as it had been slain, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God sent forth into all the earth.

7 And he came and took the book out of the right hand of him that sat upon the throne.

8 And when he had taken the book, the four beasts and four and twenty elders fell down before the Lamb, having every one of them harps, and golden vials full of odours, which are the prayers of saints.

9 And they sung a new song, saying, Thou art worthy to take the book, and to open the seals thereof: for thou wast slain, and hast redeemed us to God by thy blood out of every kindred, and tongue, and people, and nation;

10 And hast made us unto our God kings and priests: and we shall reign on the earth.

11 And I beheld, and I heard the voice of many angels round about the throne and the beasts and the elders: and the number of them was ten thousand times ten thousand, and thousands of thousands;

12 Saying with a loud voice, Worthy is the Lamb that was slain to receive power, and riches, and wisdom, and strength, and honour, and glory, and blessing.

13 And every creature which is in heaven, and on the earth, and under the earth, and such as are in the sea, and all that are in them, heard I saying, Blessing, and honour, and glory, and power, be unto him that sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb for ever and ever.

14 And the four beasts said, Amen. And the four and twenty elders fell down and worshipped him that liveth for ever and ever.

Chapter 6

1 And I saw when the Lamb opened one of the seals, and I heard, as it were the noise of thunder, one of the four beasts saying, Come and see.

2 And I saw, and behold a white horse: and he that sat on him had a bow; and a crown was given unto him: and he went forth conquering, and to conquer.

3 And when he had opened the second seal, I heard the second beast say, Come and see.

4 And there went out another horse that was red: and power was given to him that sat thereon to take peace from the earth, and that they should kill one another: and there was given unto him a great sword.

5 And when he had opened the third seal, I heard the third beast say, Come and see. And I beheld, and lo a black horse; and he that sat on him had a pair of balances in his hand.

6 And I heard a voice in the midst of the four beasts say, A measure of wheat for a penny, and three measures of barley for a penny; and see thou hurt not the oil and the wine.

7 And when he had opened the fourth seal, I heard the voice of the fourth beast say, Come and see.

8 And I looked, and behold a pale horse: and his name that sat on him was Death, and Hell followed with him. And power was given unto them over the fourth part of the earth, to kill with sword, and with hunger, and with death, and with the beasts of the earth.

9 And when he had opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of them that were slain for the word of God, and for the testimony which they held:

10 And they cried with a loud voice, saying, How long, O Lord, holy and true, dost thou not judge and avenge our blood on them that dwell on the earth?

11 And white robes were given unto every one of them; and it was said unto them, that they should rest yet for a little season, until their fellowservants also and their brethren, that should be killed as they were, should be fulfilled.

12 And I beheld when he had opened the sixth seal, and, lo, there was a great earthquake; and the sun became black as sackcloth of hair, and the moon became as blood;

13 And the stars of heaven fell unto the earth, even as a fig tree casteth her untimely figs, when she is shaken of a mighty wind.

14 And the heaven departed as a scroll when it is rolled together; and every mountain and island were moved out of their places.

15 And the kings of the earth, and the great men, and the rich men, and the chief captains, and the mighty men, and every bondman, and every free man, hid themselves in the dens and in the rocks of the mountains;

16 And said to the mountains and rocks, Fall on us, and hide us from the face of him that sitteth on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb:

17 For the great day of his wrath is come; and who shall be able to stand?

Chapter 7

1 And after these things I saw four angels standing on the four corners of the earth, holding the four winds of the earth, that the wind should not blow on the earth, nor on the sea, nor on any tree.

2 And I saw another angel ascending from the east, having the seal of the living God: and he cried with a loud voice to the four angels, to whom it was given to hurt the earth and the sea,

3 Saying, Hurt not the earth, neither the sea, nor the trees, till we have sealed the servants of our God in their foreheads.

4 And I heard the number of them which were sealed: and there were sealed an hundred and forty and four thousand of all the tribes of the children of Israel.

5 Of the tribe of Juda were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Reuben were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Gad were sealed twelve thousand.

6 Of the tribe of Aser were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Nepthalim were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Manasses were sealed twelve thousand.

7 Of the tribe of Simeon were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Levi were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Issachar were sealed twelve thousand.

8 Of the tribe of Zabulon were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Joseph were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Benjamin were sealed twelve thousand.

9 After this I beheld, and, lo, a great multitude, which no man could number, of all nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues, stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palms in their hands;

10 And cried with a loud voice, saying, Salvation to our God which sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb.

11 And all the angels stood round about the throne, and about the elders and the four beasts, and fell before the throne on their faces, and worshipped God,

12 Saying, Amen: Blessing, and glory, and wisdom, and thanksgiving, and honour, and power, and might, be unto our God for ever and ever. Amen.

13 And one of the elders answered, saying unto me, What are these which are arrayed in white robes? and whence came they?

14 And I said unto him, Sir, thou knowest. And he said to me, These are they which came out of great tribulation, and have washed their robes, and made them white in the blood of the Lamb.

15 Therefore are they before the throne of God, and serve him day and night in his temple: and he that sitteth on the throne shall dwell among them.

16 They shall hunger no more, neither thirst any more; neither shall the sun light on them, nor any heat.

17 For the Lamb which is in the midst of the throne shall feed them, and shall lead them unto living fountains of waters: and God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes.

Chapter 8

1 And when he had opened the seventh seal, there was silence in heaven about the space of half an hour.

2 And I saw the seven angels which stood before God; and to them were given seven trumpets.

3 And another angel came and stood at the altar, having a golden censer; and there was given unto him much incense, that he should offer it with the prayers of all saints upon the golden altar which was before the throne.

4 And the smoke of the incense, which came with the prayers of the saints, ascended up before God out of the angel's hand.

5 And the angel took the censer, and filled it with fire of the altar, and cast it into the earth: and there were voices, and thunderings, and lightnings, and an earthquake.

6 And the seven angels which had the seven trumpets prepared themselves to sound.

7 The first angel sounded, and there followed hail and fire mingled with blood, and they were cast upon the earth: and the third part of trees was burnt up, and all green grass was burnt up.

8 And the second angel sounded, and as it were a great mountain burning with fire was cast into the sea: and the third part of the sea became blood;

9 And the third part of the creatures which were in the sea, and had life, died; and the third part of the ships were destroyed.

10 And the third angel sounded, and there fell a great star from heaven, burning as it were a lamp, and it fell upon the third part of the rivers, and upon the fountains of waters;

11 And the name of the star is called Wormwood: and the third part of the waters became wormwood; and many men died of the waters, because they were made bitter.

12 And the fourth angel sounded, and the third part of the sun was smitten, and the third part of the moon, and the third part of the stars; so as the third part of them was darkened, and the day shone not for a third part of it, and the night likewise.

13 And I beheld, and heard an angel flying through the midst of heaven, saying with a loud voice, Woe, woe, woe, to the inhabiters of the earth by reason of the other voices of the trumpet of the three angels, which are yet to sound!

Chapter 9

1 And the fifth angel sounded, and I saw a star fall from heaven unto the earth: and to him was given the key of the bottomless pit.

2 And he opened the bottomless pit; and there arose a smoke out of the pit, as the smoke of a great furnace; and the sun and the air were darkened by reason of the smoke of the pit.

3 And there came out of the smoke locusts upon the earth: and unto them was given power, as the scorpions of the earth have power.

4 And it was commanded them that they should not hurt the grass of the earth, neither any green thing, neither any tree; but only those men which have not the seal of God in their foreheads.

5 And to them it was given that they should not kill them, but that they should be tormented five months: and their torment was as the torment of a scorpion, when he striketh a man.

6 And in those days shall men seek death, and shall not find it; and shall desire to die, and death shall flee from them.

7 And the shapes of the locusts were like unto horses prepared unto battle; and on their heads were as it were crowns like gold, and their faces were as the faces of men.

8 And they had hair as the hair of women, and their teeth were as the teeth of lions.

9 And they had breastplates, as it were breastplates of iron; and the sound of their wings was as the sound of chariots of many horses running to battle.

10 And they had tails like unto scorpions, and there were stings in their tails: and their power was to hurt men five months.

11 And they had a king over them, which is the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon, but in the Greek tongue hath his name Apollyon.

12 One woe is past; and, behold, there come two woes more hereafter.

13 And the sixth angel sounded, and I heard a voice from the four horns of the golden altar which is before God,

14 Saying to the sixth angel which had the trumpet, Loose the four angels which are bound in the great river Euphrates.

15 And the four angels were loosed, which were prepared for an hour, and a day, and a month, and a year, for to slay the third part of men.

16 And the number of the army of the horsemen were two hundred thousand thousand: and I heard the number of them.

17 And thus I saw the horses in the vision, and them that sat on them, having breastplates of fire, and of jacinth, and brimstone: and the heads of the horses were as the heads of lions; and out of their mouths issued fire and smoke and brimstone.

18 By these three was the third part of men killed, by the fire, and by the smoke, and by the brimstone, which issued out of their mouths.

19 For their power is in their mouth, and in their tails: for their tails were like unto serpents, and had heads, and with them they do hurt.

20 And the rest of the men which were not killed by these plagues yet repented not of the works of their hands, that they should not worship devils, and idols of gold, and silver, and brass, and stone, and of wood: which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk:

21 Neither repented they of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.

Chapter 10

1 And I saw another mighty angel come down from heaven, clothed with a cloud: and a rainbow was upon his head, and his face was as it were the sun, and his feet as pillars of fire:

2 And he had in his hand a little book open: and he set his right foot upon the sea, and his left foot on the earth,

3 And cried with a loud voice, as when a lion roareth: and when he had cried, seven thunders uttered their voices.

4 And when the seven thunders had uttered their voices, I was about to write: and I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, Seal up those things which the seven thunders uttered, and write them not.

5 And the angel which I saw stand upon the sea and upon the earth lifted up his hand to heaven,

6 And sware by him that liveth for ever and ever, who created heaven, and the things that therein are, and the earth, and the things that therein are, and the sea, and the things which are therein, that there should be time no longer:

7 But in the days of the voice of the seventh angel, when he shall begin to sound, the mystery of God should be finished, as he hath declared to his servants the prophets.

8 And the voice which I heard from heaven spake unto me again, and said, Go and take the little book which is open in the hand of the angel which standeth upon the sea and upon the earth.

9 And I went unto the angel, and said unto him, Give me the little book. And he said unto me, Take it, and eat it up; and it shall make thy belly bitter, but it shall be in thy mouth sweet as honey.

10 And I took the little book out of the angel's hand, and ate it up; and it was in my mouth sweet as honey: and as soon as I had eaten it, my belly was bitter.

11 And he said unto me, Thou must prophesy again before many peoples, and nations, and tongues, and kings.

Chapter 11

1 And there was given me a reed like unto a rod: and the angel stood, saying, Rise, and measure the temple of God, and the altar, and them that worship therein.

2 But the court which is without the temple leave out, and measure it not; for it is given unto the Gentiles: and the holy city shall they tread under foot forty and two months.

3 And I will give power unto my two witnesses, and they shall prophesy a thousand two hundred and threescore days, clothed in sackcloth.

4 These are the two olive trees, and the two candlesticks standing before the God of the earth.

5 And if any man will hurt them, fire proceedeth out of their mouth, and devoureth their enemies: and if any man will hurt them, he must in this manner be killed.

6 These have power to shut heaven, that it rain not in the days of their prophecy: and have power over waters to turn them to blood, and to smite the earth with all plagues, as often as they will.

7 And when they shall have finished their testimony, the beast that ascendeth out of the bottomless pit shall make war against them, and shall overcome them, and kill them.

8 And their dead bodies shall lie in the street of the great city, which spiritually is called Sodom and Egypt, where also our Lord was crucified.

9 And they of the people and kindreds and tongues and nations shall see their dead bodies three days and an half, and shall not suffer their dead bodies to be put in graves.

10 And they that dwell upon the earth shall rejoice over them, and make merry, and shall send gifts one to another; because these two prophets tormented them that dwelt on the earth.

11 And after three days and an half the spirit of life from God entered into them, and they stood upon their feet; and great fear fell upon them which saw them.

12 And they heard a great voice from heaven saying unto them, Come up hither. And they ascended up to heaven in a cloud; and their enemies beheld them.

13 And the same hour was there a great earthquake, and the tenth part of the city fell, and in the earthquake were slain of men seven thousand: and the remnant were affrighted, and gave glory to the God of heaven.

14 The second woe is past; and, behold, the third woe cometh quickly.

15 And the seventh angel sounded; and there were great voices in heaven, saying, The kingdoms of this world are become the kingdoms of our Lord, and of his Christ; and he shall reign for ever and ever.

16 And the four and twenty elders, which sat before God on their seats, fell upon their faces, and worshipped God,

17 Saying, We give thee thanks, O LORD God Almighty, which art, and wast, and art to come; because thou hast taken to thee thy great power, and hast reigned.

18 And the nations were angry, and thy wrath is come, and the time of the dead, that they should be judged, and that thou shouldest give reward unto thy servants the prophets, and to the saints, and them that fear thy name, small and great; and shouldest destroy them which destroy the earth.

19 And the temple of God was opened in heaven, and there was seen in his temple the ark of his testament: and there were lightnings, and voices, and thunderings, and an earthquake, and great hail.

Chapter 12

1 And there appeared a great wonder in Heaven; a woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars:

2 And she being with child cried, travailing in birth, and pained to be delivered.

3 And there appeared another wonder in Heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads.

4 And his tail drew the third part of the stars of heaven, and did cast them to the earth: and the dragon stood before the woman which was ready to be delivered, for to devour her child as soon as it was born.

5 And she brought forth a man child, who was to rule all nations with a rod of iron: and her child was caught up unto God, and to his throne.

6 And the woman fled into the wilderness, where she hath a place prepared of God, that they should feed her there a thousand two hundred and threescore days.

7 And there was war in heaven: Michael and his angels fought against the dragon; and the dragon fought and his angels,

8 And prevailed not; neither was their place found any more in heaven.

9 And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him.

10 And I heard a loud voice saying in heaven, Now is come salvation, and strength, and the kingdom of our God, and the power of his Christ: for the accuser of our brethren is cast down, which accused them before our God day and night.

11 And they overcame him by the blood of the Lamb, and by the word of their testimony; and they loved not their lives unto the death.

12 Therefore rejoice, ye heavens, and ye that dwell in them. Woe to the inhabiters of the earth and of the sea! for the devil is come down unto you, having great wrath, because he knoweth that he hath but a short time.

13 And when the dragon saw that he was cast unto the earth, he persecuted the woman which brought forth the man child.

14 And to the woman were given two wings of a great eagle, that she might fly into the wilderness, into her place, where she is nourished for a time, and times, and half a time, from the face of the serpent.

15 And the serpent cast out of his mouth water as a flood after the woman, that he might cause her to be carried away of the flood.

16 And the earth helped the woman, and the earth opened her mouth, and swallowed up the flood which the dragon cast out of his mouth.

17 And the dragon was wroth with the woman, and went to make war with the remnant of her seed, which keep the commandments of God, and have the testimony of Jesus Christ.

Chapter 13

1 And I stood upon the sand of the sea, and saw a beast rise up out of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns, and upon his horns ten crowns, and upon his heads the name of blasphemy.

2 And the beast which I saw was like unto a leopard, and his feet were as the feet of a bear, and his mouth as the mouth of a lion: and the dragon gave him his power, and his seat, and great authority.

3 And I saw one of his heads as it were wounded to death; and his deadly wound was healed: and all the world wondered after the beast.

4 And they worshipped the dragon which gave power unto the beast: and they worshipped the beast, saying, Who is like unto the beast? who is able to make war with him?

5 And there was given unto him a mouth speaking great things and blasphemies; and power was given unto him to continue forty and two months.

6 And he opened his mouth in blasphemy against God, to blaspheme his name, and his tabernacle, and them that dwell in heaven.

7 And it was given unto him to make war with the saints, and to overcome them: and power was given him over all kindreds, and tongues, and nations.

8 And all that dwell upon the earth shall worship him, whose names are not written in the book of life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world.

9 If any man have an ear, let him hear.

10 He that leadeth into captivity shall go into captivity: he that killeth with the sword must be killed with the sword. Here is the patience and the faith of the saints.

11 And I beheld another beast coming up out of the earth; and he had two horns like a lamb, and he spake as a dragon.

12 And he exerciseth all the power of the first beast before him, and causeth the earth and them which dwell therein to worship the first beast, whose deadly wound was healed.

13 And he doeth great wonders, so that he maketh fire come down from heaven on the earth in the sight of men,

14 And deceiveth them that dwell on the earth by the means of those miracles which he had power to do in the sight of the beast; saying to them that dwell on the earth, that they should make an image to the beast, which had the wound by a sword, and did live.

15 And he had power to give life unto the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak, and cause that as many as would not worship the image of the beast should be killed.

16 And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads:

17 And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name.

18 Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six.

Chapter 14

1 And I looked, and, lo, a Lamb stood on the mount Sion, and with him an hundred forty and four thousand, having his Father's name written in their foreheads.

2 And I heard a voice from heaven, as the voice of many waters, and as the voice of a great thunder: and I heard the voice of harpers harping with their harps:

3 And they sung as it were a new song before the throne, and before the four beasts, and the elders: and no man could learn that song but the hundred and forty and four thousand, which were redeemed from the earth.

4 These are they which were not defiled with women; for they are virgins. These are they which follow the Lamb whithersoever he goeth. These were redeemed from among men, being the firstfruits unto God and to the Lamb.

5 And in their mouth was found no guile: for they are without fault before the throne of God.

6 And I saw another angel fly in the midst of heaven, having the everlasting gospel to preach unto them that dwell on the earth, and to every nation, and kindred, and tongue, and people,

7 Saying with a loud voice, Fear God, and give glory to him; for the hour of his judgment is come: and worship him that made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and the fountains of waters.

8 And there followed another angel, saying, Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city, because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.

9 And the third angel followed them, saying with a loud voice, If any man worship the beast and his image, and receive his mark in his forehead, or in his hand,

10 The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation; and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb:

11 And the smoke of their torment ascendeth up for ever and ever: and they have no rest day nor night, who worship the beast and his image, and whosoever receiveth the mark of his name.

12 Here is the patience of the saints: here are they that keep the commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus.

13 And I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, Write, Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord from henceforth: Yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labours; and their works do follow them.

14 And I looked, and behold a white cloud, and upon the cloud one sat like unto the Son of man, having on his head a golden crown, and in his hand a sharp sickle.

15 And another angel came out of the temple, crying with a loud voice to him that sat on the cloud, Thrust in thy sickle, and reap: for the time is come for thee to reap; for the harvest of the earth is ripe.

16 And he that sat on the cloud thrust in his sickle on the earth; and the earth was reaped.

17 And another angel came out of the temple which is in heaven, he also having a sharp sickle.

18 And another angel came out from the altar, which had power over fire; and cried with a loud cry to him that had the sharp sickle, saying, Thrust in thy sharp sickle, and gather the clusters of the vine of the earth; for her grapes are fully ripe.

19 And the angel thrust in his sickle into the earth, and gathered the vine of the earth, and cast it into the great winepress of the wrath of God.

20 And the winepress was trodden without the city, and blood came out of the winepress, even unto the horse bridles, by the space of a thousand and six hundred furlongs.

Chapter 15

1 And I saw another sign in heaven, great and marvellous, seven angels having the seven last plagues; for in them is filled up the wrath of God.

2 And I saw as it were a sea of glass mingled with fire: and them that had gotten the victory over the beast, and over his image, and over his mark, and over the number of his name, stand on the sea of glass, having the harps of God.

3 And they sing the song of Moses the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb, saying, Great and marvellous are thy works, Lord God Almighty; just and true are thy ways, thou King of saints.

4 Who shall not fear thee, O Lord, and glorify thy name? for thou only art holy: for all nations shall come and worship before thee; for thy judgments are made manifest.

5 And after that I looked, and, behold, the temple of the tabernacle of the testimony in heaven was opened:

6 And the seven angels came out of the temple, having the seven plagues, clothed in pure and white linen, and having their breasts girded with golden girdles.

7 And one of the four beasts gave unto the seven angels seven golden vials full of the wrath of God, who liveth for ever and ever.

8 And the temple was filled with smoke from the glory of God, and from his power; and no man was able to enter into the temple, till the seven plagues of the seven angels were fulfilled.

Chapter 16

1 And I heard a great voice out of the temple saying to the seven angels, Go your ways, and pour out the vials of the wrath of God upon the earth.

2 And the first went, and poured out his vial upon the earth; and there fell a noisome and grievous sore upon the men which had the mark of the beast, and upon them which worshipped his image.

3 And the second angel poured out his vial upon the sea; and it became as the blood of a dead man: and every living soul died in the sea.

4 And the third angel poured out his vial upon the rivers and fountains of waters; and they became blood.

5 And I heard the angel of the waters say, Thou art righteous, O Lord, which art, and wast, and shalt be, because thou hast judged thus.

6 For they have shed the blood of saints and prophets, and thou hast given them blood to drink; for they are worthy.

7 And I heard another out of the altar say, Even so, Lord God Almighty, true and righteous are thy judgments.

8 And the fourth angel poured out his vial upon the sun; and power was given unto him to scorch men with fire.

9 And men were scorched with great heat, and blasphemed the name of God, which hath power over these plagues: and they repented not to give him glory.

10 And the fifth angel poured out his vial upon the seat of the beast; and his kingdom was full of darkness; and they gnawed their tongues for pain,

11 And blasphemed the God of heaven because of their pains and their sores, and repented not of their deeds.

12 And the sixth angel poured out his vial upon the great river Euphrates; and the water thereof was dried up, that the way of the kings of the east might be prepared.

13 And I saw three unclean spirits like frogs come out of the mouth of the dragon, and out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet.

14 For they are the spirits of devils, working miracles, which go forth unto the kings of the earth and of the whole world, to gather them to the battle of that great day of God Almighty.

15 Behold, I come as a thief. Blessed is he that watcheth, and keepeth his garments, lest he walk naked, and they see his shame.

16 And he gathered them together into a place called in the Hebrew tongue Armageddon.

17 And the seventh angel poured out his vial into the air; and there came a great voice out of the temple of heaven, from the throne, saying, It is done.

18 And there were voices, and thunders, and lightnings; and there was a great earthquake, such as was not since men were upon the earth, so mighty an earthquake, and so great.

19 And the great city was divided into three parts, and the cities of the nations fell: and great Babylon came in remembrance before God, to give unto her the cup of the wine of the fierceness of his wrath.

20 And every island fled away, and the mountains were not found.

21 And there fell upon men a great hail out of heaven, every stone about the weight of a talent: and men blasphemed God because of the plague of the hail; for the plague thereof was exceeding great.

Chapter 17

1 And there came one of the seven angels which had the seven vials, and talked with me, saying unto me, Come hither; I will shew unto thee the judgment of the great whore that sitteth upon many waters:

2 With whom the kings of the earth have committed fornication, and the inhabitants of the earth have been made drunk with the wine of her fornication.

3 So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns.

4 And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her fornication:

5 And upon her forehead was a name written, MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH.

6 And I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus: and when I saw her, I wondered with great admiration.

7 And the angel said unto me, Wherefore didst thou marvel? I will tell thee the mystery of the woman, and of the beast that carrieth her, which hath the seven heads and ten horns.

8 The beast that thou sawest was, and is not; and shall ascend out of the bottomless pit, and go into perdition: and they that dwell on the earth shall wonder, whose names were not written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, when they behold the beast that was, and is not, and yet is.

9 And here is the mind which hath wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains, on which the woman sitteth.

10 And there are seven kings: five are fallen, and one is, and the other is not yet come; and when he cometh, he must continue a short space.

11 And the beast that was, and is not, even he is the eighth, and is of the seven, and goeth into perdition.

12 And the ten horns which thou sawest are ten kings, which have received no kingdom as yet; but receive power as kings one hour with the beast.

13 These have one mind, and shall give their power and strength unto the beast.

14 These shall make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb shall overcome them: for he is Lord of lords, and King of kings: and they that are with him are called, and chosen, and faithful.

15 And he saith unto me, The waters which thou sawest, where the whore sitteth, are peoples, and multitudes, and nations, and tongues.

16 And the ten horns which thou sawest upon the beast, these shall hate the whore, and shall make her desolate and naked, and shall eat her flesh, and burn her with fire.

17 For God hath put in their hearts to fulfil his will, and to agree, and give their kingdom unto the beast, until the words of God shall be fulfilled.

18 And the woman which thou sawest is that great city, which reigneth over the kings of the earth.

Chapter 18

1 And after these things I saw another angel come down from heaven, having great power; and the earth was lightened with his glory.

2 And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird.

3 For all nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her fornication, and the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the abundance of her delicacies.

4 And I heard another voice from heaven, saying, Come out of her, my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues.

5 For her sins have reached unto heaven, and God hath remembered her iniquities.

6 Reward her even as she rewarded you, and double unto her double according to her works: in the cup which she hath filled fill to her double.

7 How much she hath glorified herself, and lived deliciously, so much torment and sorrow give her: for she saith in her heart, I sit a queen, and am no widow, and shall see no sorrow.

8 Therefore shall her plagues come in one day, death, and mourning, and famine; and she shall be utterly burned with fire: for strong is the Lord God who judgeth her.

9 And the kings of the earth, who have committed fornication and lived deliciously with her, shall bewail her, and lament for her, when they shall see the smoke of her burning,

10 Standing afar off for the fear of her torment, saying, Alas, alas that great city Babylon, that mighty city! for in one hour is thy judgment come.

11 And the merchants of the earth shall weep and mourn over her; for no man buyeth their merchandise any more:

12 The merchandise of gold, and silver, and precious stones, and of pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet, and all thyine wood, and all manner vessels of ivory, and all manner vessels of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble,

13 And cinnamon, and odours, and ointments, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and beasts, and sheep, and horses, and chariots, and slaves, and souls of men.

14 And the fruits that thy soul lusted after are departed from thee, and all things which were dainty and goodly are departed from thee, and thou shalt find them no more at all.

15 The merchants of these things, which were made rich by her, shall stand afar off for the fear of her torment, weeping and wailing,

16 And saying, Alas, alas that great city, that was clothed in fine linen, and purple, and scarlet, and decked with gold, and precious stones, and pearls!

17 For in one hour so great riches is come to nought. And every shipmaster, and all the company in ships, and sailors, and as many as trade by sea, stood afar off,

18 And cried when they saw the smoke of her burning, saying, What city is like unto this great city!

19 And they cast dust on their heads, and cried, weeping and wailing, saying, Alas, alas that great city, wherein were made rich all that had ships in the sea by reason of her costliness! for in one hour is she made desolate.

20 Rejoice over her, thou heaven, and ye holy apostles and prophets; for God hath avenged you on her.

21 And a mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone, and cast it into the sea, saying, Thus with violence shall that great city Babylon be thrown down, and shall be found no more at all.

22 And the voice of harpers, and musicians, and of pipers, and trumpeters, shall be heard no more at all in thee; and no craftsman, of whatsoever craft he be, shall be found any more in thee; and the sound of a millstone shall be heard no more at all in thee;

23 And the light of a candle shall shine no more at all in thee; and the voice of the bridegroom and of the bride shall be heard no more at all in thee: for thy merchants were the great men of the earth; for by thy sorceries were all nations deceived.

24 And in her was found the blood of prophets, and of saints, and of all that were slain upon the earth.

Chapter 19

1 And after these things I heard a great voice of much people in heaven, saying, Alleluia; Salvation, and glory, and honour, and power, unto the Lord our God:

2 For true and righteous are his judgments: for he hath judged the great whore, which did corrupt the earth with her fornication, and hath avenged the blood of his servants at her hand.

3 And again they said, Alleluia And her smoke rose up for ever and ever.

4 And the four and twenty elders and the four beasts fell down and worshipped God that sat on the throne, saying, Amen; Alleluia.

5 And a voice came out of the throne, saying, Praise our God, all ye his servants, and ye that fear him, both small and great.

6 And I heard as it were the voice of a great multitude, and as the voice of many waters, and as the voice of mighty thunderings, saying, Alleluia: for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth.

7 Let us be glad and rejoice, and give honour to him: for the marriage of the Lamb is come, and his wife hath made herself ready.

8 And to her was granted that she should be arrayed in fine linen, clean and white: for the fine linen is the righteousness of saints.

9 And he saith unto me, Write, Blessed are they which are called unto the marriage supper of the Lamb. And he saith unto me, These are the true sayings of God.

10 And I fell at his feet to worship him. And he said unto me, See thou do it not: I am thy fellowservant, and of thy brethren that have the testimony of Jesus: worship God: for the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.

11 And I saw heaven opened, and behold a white horse; and he that sat upon him was called Faithful and True, and in righteousness he doth judge and make war.

12 His eyes were as a flame of fire, and on his head were many crowns; and he had a name written, that no man knew, but he himself.

13 And he was clothed with a vesture dipped in blood: and his name is called The Word of God.

14 And the armies which were in heaven followed him upon white horses, clothed in fine linen, white and clean.

15 And out of his mouth goeth a sharp sword, that with it he should smite the nations: and he shall rule them with a rod of iron: and he treadeth the winepress of the fierceness and wrath of Almighty God.

16 And he hath on his vesture and on his thigh a name written, KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS.

17 And I saw an angel standing in the sun; and he cried with a loud voice, saying to all the fowls that fly in the midst of heaven, Come and gather yourselves together unto the supper of the great God;

18 That ye may eat the flesh of kings, and the flesh of captains, and the flesh of mighty men, and the flesh of horses, and of them that sit on them, and the flesh of all men, both free and bond, both small and great.

19 And I saw the beast, and the kings of the earth, and their armies, gathered together to make war against him that sat on the horse, and against his army.

20 And the beast was taken, and with him the false prophet that wrought miracles before him, with which he deceived them that had received the mark of the beast, and them that worshipped his image. These both were cast alive into a lake of fire burning with brimstone.

21 And the remnant were slain with the sword of him that sat upon the horse, which sword proceeded out of his mouth: and all the fowls were filled with their flesh.

Chapter 20

1 And I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand.

2 And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years,

3 And cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set a seal upon him, that he should deceive the nations no more, till the thousand years should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a little season.

4 And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given unto them: and I saw the souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus, and for the word of God, and which had not worshipped the beast, neither his image, neither had received his mark upon their foreheads, or in their hands; and they lived and reigned with Christ a thousand years.

5 But the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection.

6 Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection: on such the second death hath no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years.

7 And when the thousand years are expired, Satan shall be loosed out of his prison,

8 And shall go out to deceive the nations which are in the four quarters of the earth, Gog, and Magog, to gather them together to battle: the number of whom is as the sand of the sea.

9 And they went up on the breadth of the earth, and compassed the camp of the saints about, and the beloved city: and fire came down from God out of heaven, and devoured them.

10 And the devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are, and shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever.

11 And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away; and there was found no place for them.

12 And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works.

13 And the sea gave up the dead which were in it; and death and hell delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every man according to their works.

14 And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death.

15 And whosoever was not found written in the book of life was cast into the lake of fire.

Chapter 21

1 And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth were passed away; and there was no more sea.

2 And I John saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.

3 And I heard a great voice out of heaven saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and he will dwell with them, and they shall be his people, and God himself shall be with them, and be their God.

4 And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away.

5 And he that sat upon the throne said, Behold, I make all things new. And he said unto me, Write: for these words are true and faithful.

6 And he said unto me, It is done. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end. I will give unto him that is athirst of the fountain of the water of life freely.

7 He that overcometh shall inherit all things; and I will be his God, and he shall be my son.

8 But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death.

9 And there came unto me one of the seven angels which had the seven vials full of the seven last plagues, and talked with me, saying, Come hither, I will shew thee the bride, the Lamb's wife.

10 And he carried me away in the spirit to a great and high mountain, and shewed me that great city, the holy Jerusalem, descending out of heaven from God,

11 Having the glory of God: and her light was like unto a stone most precious, even like a jasper stone, clear as crystal;

12 And had a wall great and high, and had twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels, and names written thereon, which are the names of the twelve tribes of the children of Israel:

13 On the east three gates; on the north three gates; on the south three gates; and on the west three gates.

14 And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and in them the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.

15 And he that talked with me had a golden reed to measure the city, and the gates thereof, and the wall thereof.

16 And the city lieth foursquare, and the length is as large as the breadth: and he measured the city with the reed, twelve thousand furlongs. The length and the breadth and the height of it are equal.

17 And he measured the wall thereof, an hundred and forty and four cubits, according to the measure of a man, that is, of the angel.

18 And the building of the wall of it was of jasper: and the city was pure gold, like unto clear glass.

19 And the foundations of the wall of the city were garnished with all manner of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the second, sapphire; the third, a chalcedony; the fourth, an emerald;

20 The fifth, sardonyx; the sixth, sardius; the seventh, chrysolyte; the eighth, beryl; the ninth, a topaz; the tenth, a chrysoprasus; the eleventh, a jacinth; the twelfth, an amethyst.

21 And the twelve gates were twelve pearls: every several gate was of one pearl: and the street of the city was pure gold, as it were transparent glass.

22 And I saw no temple therein: for the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are the temple of it.

23 And the city had no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine in it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the Lamb is the light thereof.

24 And the nations of them which are saved shall walk in the light of it: and the kings of the earth do bring their glory and honour into it.

25 And the gates of it shall not be shut at all by day: for there shall be no night there.

26 And they shall bring the glory and honour of the nations into it.

27 And there shall in no wise enter into it any thing that defileth, neither whatsoever worketh abomination, or maketh a lie: but they which are written in the Lamb's book of life.

Chapter 22

1 And he shewed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb.

2 In the midst of the street of it, and on either side of the river, was there the tree of life, which bare twelve manner of fruits, and yielded her fruit every month: and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations.

3 And there shall be no more curse: but the throne of God and of the Lamb shall be in it; and his servants shall serve him:

4 And they shall see his face; and his name shall be in their foreheads.

5 And there shall be no night there; and they need no candle, neither light of the sun; for the Lord God giveth them light: and they shall reign for ever and ever.

6 And he said unto me, These sayings are faithful and true: and the Lord God of the holy prophets sent his angel to shew unto his servants the things which must shortly be done.

7 Behold, I come quickly: blessed is he that keepeth the sayings of the prophecy of this book.

8 And I John saw these things, and heard them. And when I had heard and seen, I fell down to worship before the feet of the angel which shewed me these things.

9 Then saith he unto me, See thou do it not: for I am thy fellowservant, and of thy brethren the prophets, and of them which keep the sayings of this book: worship God.

10 And he saith unto me, Seal not the sayings of the prophecy of this book: for the time is at hand.

11 He that is unjust, let him be unjust still: and he which is filthy, let him be filthy still: and he that is righteous, let him be righteous still: and he that is holy, let him be holy still.

12 And, behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to give every man according as his work shall be.

13 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last.

14 Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city.

15 For without are dogs, and sorcerers, and whoremongers, and murderers, and idolaters, and whosoever loveth and maketh a lie.

16 I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, and the bright and morning star.

17 And the Spirit and the bride say, Come. And let him that heareth say, Come. And let him that is athirst come. And whosoever will, let him take the water of life freely.

18 For I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book, If any man shall add unto these things, God shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book:

19 And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book.

20 He which testifieth these things saith, Surely I come quickly. Amen. Even so, come, Lord Jesus.

21 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen.