Red Terror (disambiguation)
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| - | [[Image:Gillray, Petit Souper a la Parisienne.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Petit Souper a la Parisienne]]'' ([[1792]]) by [[James Gillray]]]] | ||
| - | [[Image:The Death of Marat by Jacques-Louis David (1793).jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[The Death of Marat]]'' ([[1793]]) by [[Jacques-Louis David]]]] | ||
| - | [[Image:Horrors of war by Goya.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Disasters of War]]'' ([[1810s]]) by [[Francisco de Goya]] | ||
| - | <br> | ||
| - | <small>With the early 19th century ''[[Disasters of War]]'', Goya continued a tradition set in motion by French 17th artist [[Jacques Callot]] with his ''[[The Miseries and Disasters of War]]'', both of them criticizing the [[horrors of war]] in their art</small> | ||
| - | ]] | ||
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| - | :"[[Terror]] is as much a part of the concept of [[truth]] as [[runniness]] is of the concept of [[jam]]. We wouldn't like jam if it didn't, by its very nature, [[ooze]]. We wouldn't like [[truth]] if it wasn't sticky, if, from time to time, it didn't ooze [[blood]]." --[[Jean Baudrillard]], ''[[Cool Memories]]''. | ||
| - | '''Terror''', from [[French (language)|French]] ''terreur'', from [[Latin]] ''terror'' meaning "great fear", a noun derived from the [[Latin verbs|Latin verb]] [[terrere|''terrere'']] meaning "to frighten", is a policy of [[political repression]] and [[political violence|violence]] intended to subdue political opposition. The term was first used for the [[Reign of Terror]] imposed by the [[Jacobin Club|Jacobins]] during the French Revolution. Modern instances of terror include [[Red Terror (disambiguation)|red terror]] or [[White Terror (disambiguation)|white terror]]. | + | The '''[[Red Terror]]''' was a campaign of mass arrests and executions conducted by the Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia in 1918–1922. |
| - | Before the advent of modern [[terrorism]], the term ''"terrorism"'' in the English language was sometimes used interchangeable with terror. The modern [[definition of terrorism]] refers to criminal or illegal acts of violence at randomly chosen targets, in an effort to raise fear. It is practiced by extremist groups with a limited political base or parties on the weaker side in [[asymmetric warfare]]. Terror on the other hand is practiced by governments and [[law enforcement]] officials, usually within the legal framework of the state. | + | '''Red Terror''' may also refer to: |
| + | *[[Communist terrorism]] | ||
| + | *[[Revolutionary terror]] | ||
| + | *The last six weeks of the "[[Reign of Terror]]" of the French Revolution in 1794 | ||
| + | *[[Red Terror (Hungary)]], a series of atrocities during the 1919 regime of Hungarian Soviet Republic | ||
| + | *[[Red Terror (Spain)]], various acts committed by Spanish Republicans during the Spanish Civil War of the 1930s | ||
| + | *[[Red Terror (Ethiopia)]], a violent political campaign in Ethiopia in 1977–1978 | ||
| + | *[[Red Terror (China)]], mass campaigns of the Red Guards in China (August 1966 – September 1967) | ||
| + | *[[Red Terror (Finland)]], various acts committed by Red Guards during the Finnish Civil War in 1918 | ||
| - | ==Revolutionary and counter-revolutionary terror== | + | ==Other uses== |
| - | :''[[Revolutionary terror]]'' | + | *[[NZR RM class (Red Terror)]], a NZR railcar used by a former General Manager Garnet Mackley |
| - | [[Revolutionary terror]], also known as ''"[[Red Terror (disambiguation)|red terror]]"'', was often used by revolutionary governments to suppress [[counterrevolutionaries]]. The first example was the [[Reign of Terror]] during the [[French Revolution]] in 1794. Other notable examples include the ''[[Red Terror]]'' in [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]] in 1918–1922, as well as simultaneous campaigns [[Red Terror (Hungary)|in the Hungarian Soviet Republic]] and [[Red Terror (Finland)|in Finland]]. In China [[Red Terror (China)|Red Terror]] in 1966 and 1967 started the [[Cultural revolution]]. | + | *Red Terror or [[Phar Lap]], a champion race horse |
| + | *The Red Terror, a figure in the [[Warrior Genus (Warhammer 40,000)#The Red Terror|''Warhammer 40,000'' game]] | ||
| + | *[[The Red Terror (film)|''The Red Terror'' (film)]], the English title for ''G.P.U.'', a German 1942 film directed by Karl Ritter | ||
| - | Counterrevolutionary terror is usually referred to as ''"[[White Terror (disambiguation)|white terror]]"''. Notable examples are the terror campaigns [[First White Terror|in France]] (1794–1795), [[White Terror (Russia)|in Russia]] (1917–20), [[White Terror (Hungary)|in Hungary]] (1919–1921), and [[White Terror (Spain)|in Spain]]. Modern examples of counter-revolutionary terror include [[Operation Condor]] in South America. | + | ==See also== |
| + | *[[White Terror (disambiguation)]] | ||
| + | *[[Terror (disambiguation)]] | ||
| + | *[[Mass killings under Communist regimes]] | ||
| + | *[[Red Scare]] | ||
| - | ==Terror and terrorism== | ||
| - | :''[[Terrorism]]'' | ||
| - | David Forte states that the primary difference between terror and [[terrorism]] is that while terror can be neutrally evil, i.e. random violence committed by robbers, rapists and even soldiers, terrorism has the additional political or moral dimension, being the systemised use of randomly focused violence by organised groups against civilian targets to effect a political objective. | ||
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| - | However Charles Tilly defines "terror" as a political strategy defined as "''asymmetrical deployment of threats and violence against enemies using means that fall outside the forms of political struggle routinely operating within some current regime''", and therefore ranges from: | ||
| - | <blockquote> | ||
| - | #intermittent actions by members of groups that are engaged in wider political struggles to | ||
| - | #one segment in the modus operandi of durably organized specialists in coercion, including government-employed and government-backed specialists in coercion to | ||
| - | #the dominant rationale for distinct, committed groups and networks of activists. | ||
| - | </blockquote> | ||
| - | |||
| - | According to Tilly, the term "terror" spans across a wide range of human cruelties, from Stalin's use of executions to clandestine attacks by groups like the Basque separatists and the [[Irish Republican Army|IRA]] and even ethnic cleansing and genocide | ||
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| - | Recently, M. Korstanje and P. Tarlow recognize that terror movies draw an ethnocentric discourse where vulnerable tourists, most of them youngs, are attacked during their journeys. The war on terror, triggered by Bush´s administration, not only modified the way of making terror movies, but also engendering a discourse following these lines: a) devils do not respect hospitality, b) hospitality may be defined as the emergence of hostility, c) tourists are vulnerable because they are not familiar with visited territory, and d) terror tends to demonize the others. Certainly, 9/11 and war on terror have closed the boundaries of US and strengthened its ethnocentrism. | ||
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The Red Terror was a campaign of mass arrests and executions conducted by the Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia in 1918–1922.
Red Terror may also refer to:
- Communist terrorism
- Revolutionary terror
- The last six weeks of the "Reign of Terror" of the French Revolution in 1794
- Red Terror (Hungary), a series of atrocities during the 1919 regime of Hungarian Soviet Republic
- Red Terror (Spain), various acts committed by Spanish Republicans during the Spanish Civil War of the 1930s
- Red Terror (Ethiopia), a violent political campaign in Ethiopia in 1977–1978
- Red Terror (China), mass campaigns of the Red Guards in China (August 1966 – September 1967)
- Red Terror (Finland), various acts committed by Red Guards during the Finnish Civil War in 1918
[edit]
Other uses
- NZR RM class (Red Terror), a NZR railcar used by a former General Manager Garnet Mackley
- Red Terror or Phar Lap, a champion race horse
- The Red Terror, a figure in the Warhammer 40,000 game
- The Red Terror (film), the English title for G.P.U., a German 1942 film directed by Karl Ritter
[edit]
See also
- White Terror (disambiguation)
- Terror (disambiguation)
- Mass killings under Communist regimes
- Red Scare
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Red Terror (disambiguation)" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
