Photogram
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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A photogram is a photographic image made (without a camera) by placing objects directly onto the surface of a photo-sensitive material such as photographic paper and then exposing it to light. The result is a silhouetted image varying in darkness based on the transparency of the objects used, with areas of the paper that have not received any light appearing light and those that have appearing dark, according to the laws of photosensitivity. The image obtained is hence a negative and the effect is often quite similar to an X-Ray. This method of imaging is perhaps most prominently attributed to Man Ray and his exploration of rayographs. Others who have experimented with the technique include László Moholy-Nagy, Christian Schad (who called them "Schadographs"), Imogen Cunningham and even Pablo Picasso.
List of main photographers who used the technique
- Susan Derges
- Max Ernst
- Garry Fabian Miller
- Jean-Marie Fadier
- Joan Foncuberta
- Adam Fuss
- Raoul Hausmann
- El Lissitzky
- Denton McCabe
- Laszlo Moholy-Nagy
- Bruno Monguzzi
- Joyce Neimanas
- Oskar Nerlinger
- Floris Neusüss
- Pablo Picasso
- Sigmar Polke
- Robert Rauschenberg
- Man Ray
- Jo Bradford
- Alexander Rodchenko
- Dieter Roth
- Christian Schad
- Kurt Schwitters
- Raoul Ubac
- Piet Zwart
- Oskar Nerlinger
- Shi Guorui
- Gilbert and George