Pope Nicholas III
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Pope Nicholas III (c. 1210/1220 – 22 August 1280), born Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, was Pope from 25 November 1277 until his death. He was a Roman nobleman who had served under eight Popes, been made cardinal-deacon of St. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano by Pope Innocent IV (1243–54), protector of the Franciscans by Pope Alexander IV (1254–61), inquisitor-general by Pope Urban IV (1261–64), and succeeded Pope John XXI (1276–77) after a six-month vacancy in the Holy See resolved in the papal election of 1277, largely through family influence.
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