Polish Impressionism
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Polish Impressionism was an art movement inspired by French Impressionism.
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Overview
Impressionism began in France in the second half of the 19th century, when Paris-based artist publicly showed their art. The most characteristic for this movement is exposition of light in its changing stages, open composition and visualisation. Artists worked mainly in the outdoor – en plein air, the most important thing being to emphasize vivid colours from everyday life.
Although impressionism brought with itself freshness and a completely new perspective of the world perception, first reviews were full of scepticism. Contrary to anticipation it get artists attention and at the same time won recognition all around the world. Within the short period of time it came also to Poland.
Notable artists
Olga Boznanska
The first Polish artist who represented impressionism was Olga Boznanska (born on the 15th April 1865 in Krakow, died in the 26th of October 1940 in Paris), who studied painting from her childhood. As a daughter of a Polish engineer she had an opportunity to practice in Germany, Austria or France. In 1894 she was awarded 1st prize by Austrian archduke Karl Ludwig in Vienna for her "Paul Nauen" portrait, and for her portrait of "Miss Marry Breme", she obtained recognition in London. In 1986 jury of Societe des Beaux-Arts in Paris accepted one of her works for the exhibition. After moving to Paris she joined the Polish Artistic Society "Art".
In 1900 at the exhibition in New Gallery she was awarded the golden medal. The French government bought "Bretonka" and "Miss Dygat portrait" to national collection. She also became a member of Société Nationale des Beaux Arts. After her later successes she represented France, with Claude Monet and August Renoir, at the exhibition in Pittsburgh in 1912.
Most of her works were portraits or interiors. She used oils in the grey and dark green tones, her paintings were full of nostalgia and sorrow.
The best known of her paintings are: "Woman’s portrait", "Girl with chrysanthemums", "Miss Dygat Portrait", "Flowers".
Józef Pankiewicz and Wladyslaw Podkowinski
Both were born in the 1866 and in the age of 19 they went on scholarship to Saint Petersburg.
After acquainting with works of French impressionists Jozef Pankiewicz started to be forerunner of impressionism in Poland. In the beginning his works faced sceptisism of Polish critics. After gaining golden medal for “Mrs. Oderfeld” portrait on the Universal Exhibition in Paris his talent started to be highly considered in his mother land. His paintings were outdoor compositions: he created landscapes full of brithness and vivid colours.
Jozef Pankiewicz’s famous works were: “Girl in the red dress”, “Swans in the Saski Park”, “Still life with fruits and knife”, “Street in Madrid”, “Terrace in Madrid”, “Still life with green pitcher” and, in opinion of many critics, the most ideal painting “Fruits in the basket”.
Wladyslaw Podkowinski painted landscapes, portraits and symbolic scenes. His best known painting is scandalous “Range”. He is also known for his “Nowy Swiat street”, and for his illustrations for magazines, books and calendars.
Bibliography
- "Wielcy Malarze. Ich życie, inspiracje i dzieło", nr 15, ISSN 1505-9464
- "Historia sztuki polskiej" Wydawnictwo Literacki Kraków, 1965, tom III
- Janusz Janowski, Józef Pankiewicz wobec "łacińskiej tradycji" malarstwa europejskiego, "Pamiętnik Sztuk Pięknych. Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika" 1(4) z 2003, s. 9-36.
