Pigment
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | A '''pigment''' is the material that changes the [[color]] of [[light]] it [[Reflection (physics)|reflects]] as the result of selective color absorption. This physical process differs from [[fluorescence]], [[phosphorescence]], and other forms of [[luminescence]], in which the material itself emits light. | ||
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| + | Many materials selectively absorb certain [[wavelength]]s of light. Materials that humans have chosen and developed for use as pigments usually have special properties that make them ideal for coloring other materials. A pigment must have a high [[tinting]] strength relative to the materials it colors. It must be stable in solid form at ambient temperatures. | ||
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| + | For industrial applications, as well as in the arts, permanence and stability are desirable properties. Pigments that are not permanent are called [[Fugitive pigments|fugitive]]. Fugitive pigments fade over time, or with exposure to light, while some eventually blacken. | ||
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| + | Pigments are used for coloring [[paints|paint]], [[ink]], [[plastic]], [[Cloth|fabric]], [[cosmetics]], [[food]] and other materials. Most pigments used in [[manufacturing]] and the [[visual arts]] are dry [[colourant]]s, usually ground into a fine [[Powder (substance)|powder]]. This powder is added to a vehicle (or matrix), a relatively neutral or colorless material that acts as a [[Adhesive|binder]]. | ||
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| + | The worldwide market for inorganic, organic and special pigments had a total volume of around 7.4 million tons in 2006. Asia has the highest rate on a quantity basis followed by Europe and North America. In 2006, a turnover of 17.6 billion US$ (13 billion Euro) was reached mostly in Europe, followed by North America and Asia. | ||
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| + | A distinction is usually made between a pigment, which is [[insoluble]] in the vehicle (resulting in a suspension), and a [[dye]], which either is itself a [[liquid]] or is soluble in its vehicle (resulting in a solution). The term [[biological pigment]] is used for all colored substances independent of their solubility. A [[colorant]] can be both a pigment and a dye depending on the vehicle it is used in. In some cases, a pigment can be manufactured from a dye by [[Precipitation (chemistry)|precipitating]] a soluble dye with a metallic salt. The resulting pigment is called a [[lake pigment]]. | ||
| - | '''Wayne Thiebaud''' (born November 15, 1920) is an [[United States|American]] [[Painting|painter]] whose most famous works are of [[cake]]s, [[pastry| pastries]], [[boot]]s, [[toilet]]s, [[toy]]s and [[lipstick]]s. His last name is pronounced "Tee-bo." He is associated with the [[Pop art]] movement because of his interest in objects of [[mass culture]], although his works, executed during the fifties and sixties, slightly predate the works of the classic pop artists. Thiebaud uses heavy [[pigment]] and exaggerated colors to depict his subjects, and the well-defined shadows characteristic of advertisements are almost always included in his work. | ||
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Revision as of 10:56, 5 August 2009
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A pigment is the material that changes the color of light it reflects as the result of selective color absorption. This physical process differs from fluorescence, phosphorescence, and other forms of luminescence, in which the material itself emits light.
Many materials selectively absorb certain wavelengths of light. Materials that humans have chosen and developed for use as pigments usually have special properties that make them ideal for coloring other materials. A pigment must have a high tinting strength relative to the materials it colors. It must be stable in solid form at ambient temperatures.
For industrial applications, as well as in the arts, permanence and stability are desirable properties. Pigments that are not permanent are called fugitive. Fugitive pigments fade over time, or with exposure to light, while some eventually blacken.
Pigments are used for coloring paint, ink, plastic, fabric, cosmetics, food and other materials. Most pigments used in manufacturing and the visual arts are dry colourants, usually ground into a fine powder. This powder is added to a vehicle (or matrix), a relatively neutral or colorless material that acts as a binder.
The worldwide market for inorganic, organic and special pigments had a total volume of around 7.4 million tons in 2006. Asia has the highest rate on a quantity basis followed by Europe and North America. In 2006, a turnover of 17.6 billion US$ (13 billion Euro) was reached mostly in Europe, followed by North America and Asia.
A distinction is usually made between a pigment, which is insoluble in the vehicle (resulting in a suspension), and a dye, which either is itself a liquid or is soluble in its vehicle (resulting in a solution). The term biological pigment is used for all colored substances independent of their solubility. A colorant can be both a pigment and a dye depending on the vehicle it is used in. In some cases, a pigment can be manufactured from a dye by precipitating a soluble dye with a metallic salt. The resulting pigment is called a lake pigment.
