Paul Landacre  

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Paul Hambleton Landacre (9 July 1893, Columbus, Ohio - 3 June 1963, Los Angeles, California) was an American printmaker. He is considered one of the outstanding printmakers of the modern era. His distinguished body of work was largely responsible for elevating the wood engraving to an art form in twentieth-century America. Landacre's linocuts and wood engravings of landscapes, still lifes, nudes, and abstractions are celebrated for their technical virtuosity and mastery of design.

Biography

Paul Landacre's indomitable spirit figures prominently in his storied career as an award-winning wood engraver. His early promise as a track and field athlete at Ohio State University was clipped by a debilitating polio-like illness, spurring him to leave Ohio in 1918 for the more healthful climate of San Diego. He soon resettled in Los Angeles where his diligence and good fortune recast his professional prospects as a budding commercial draftsman. In 1925, Margaret McCreery, an advertising copywriter he met a few years earlier, became his life-long companion and wife, fully complicit in the brilliant realization of his artistic prowess.

Although he took some life-drawing classes at the Otis Art Institute between 1923 and 1925, Landacre largely taught himself the art of printmaking. He experimented with the technically demanding art of carving linoleum blocks and, eventually, woodblocks for both wood engravings and woodcuts. His fascination with printmaking and his ambition to make a place for himself in the world of fine art coalesced in the late 1920s when he met Jake Zeitlin. Zeitlin's antiquarian bookshop in Los Angeles (a cultural hub that survived into the 1980s) included a small gallery space for the showing of artworks, primarily prints and drawings, and it is there in 1930 that Landacre was given his first significant solo exhibition. Zeitlin's ever-widening circle of artists came to include Edward Weston, a photographer who shared the modernist vision that so captivated Landacre. Well-connected to the New York art scene, Zeitlin associated himself with the circle of artists represented by Carl Zigrosser, director of the Weyhe Gallery in Manhattan and, later, curator of prints at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. By 1936 Zigrosser considered Landacre to be "one of the few graphic artists worth watching" in America, and included him among his portraits of 24 contemporary American printmakers in his seminal work, "The Artist in America" (Knopf 1942). Elected a member of the National Academy in 1946, Landacre was honored in 1947 with a solo exhibition of his wood engravings at the Smithsonian Museum, its graphic arts division under the curatorial leadership of Jacob Kainen.

Of national and local appeal, many of Landacre's linoleum cuts and wood engravings were inspired by the American Far West, including the hills and mountains of Big Sur, Palm Springs, Monterey, and Berkeley. "California Hills and Other Wood Engravings" (Los Angeles: Bruce McCallister, 1931), a limited-edition folio comprising 12 of Landacre's early works printed from the original blocks, was awarded recognition as one of the "Fifty Books of the Year" for 1931. In rapid succession, three more books illustrated with his wood engravings also garnered such recognition: "The Boar and the Shibboleth" (1933), "A Gil Blas in California" (1933), and "XV Poems for the Heath Broom" (1934). When the AIGA recognized "A Natural History of Western Trees" (1953) as one of its "Fifty Books of the Year", it became the fifth and final book Landacre illustrated to win the prestigious award. For "Trees" Landacre contributed more than 200 ink drawings on scratchboard, a multi-year devotion to arboreal beauty.

As his artistry evolved, Landacre developed a singular style lauded for its formal beauty—meticulously carved fine lines, delicate cross hatching, and flecking—elements in white which strikingly contrast with richly blackened areas. He used the finest inks and Japanese papers and, with few exceptions, printed his wood engravings on a Washington hand press—now in the collection of the International Printing Museum in Carson, California. His prints, including the early linocuts, gained early and lasting critical recognition, were awarded numerous prizes, and can be found in more than a hundred and fifty public collections throughout the United States <ref>These include the National Gallery of Art, Whitney Museum of American Art, Museum of Modern Art, Huntington Library, Chicago Art Institute, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Amon Carter Museum, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Library of Congress, New York Public Library, Boston Public Library, Clark Library, and Smithsonian American Art Museum.</ref>.

In March 1932, the artist and his wife moved to a rustic house in the Silver Lake district, also known as Edendale, near downtown Los Angeles, where they lived for the remainder of their lives. Landacre died in 1963 soon after—and emotionally resulting from—the death of his wife who had been an essential working companion for 38 years, even helping the artist late in his life pull impressions from the formidable Washington hand press. In March 2006, with the growing appreciation of Landacre's artistic significance, their hillside home was declared a City of Los Angeles landmark (Historic Cultural Monument No. 839).

Legacy

• Landacre's papers and many of his original blocks and prints are housed at the William Andrews Clark Memorial Library at UCLA.<ref> "Register of the Paul Landacre Papers and Artwork, ca. 1915-1983" http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf9v19p2h7</ref>

• Jake Milgram Wien of Stratham, New Hampshire, an independent curator, historian, and author of Rockwell Kent: The Mythic and the Modern (Hudson Hills Press, 2005), anticipates the completion and publication of The Life and Work of Paul Landacre: A Catalogue Raisonne in 2010.

Works illustrated

• California Hills and Other Wood Engravings (edition of 500, 1931)
• The Boar and the Shibboleth by Edward Doro (edition of 500, 1933)
• A Gil Blas in California by Alexandre Dumas, père (1934)
• XV Poems for the Heath Broom by Ward Ritchie aka Peter Lum Quince (edition of 50, 1934)
• Flowering Earth by Donald Culross Peattie (1939)
• Tales of Soldiers and Civilians by Ambrose Bierce (Limited Editions Club, edition of 1500, 1943; also trade edition, 1943)
• Immortal Village by Donald Culross Peattie (1945)
• A Natural History of Trees of Eastern and Central North America (1950; 2nd ed 1966; reprint as trade paperback with introduction by Robert Finch, 1991)
• A Natural History of Western Trees by Donald Culross Peattie (1953; reprint as trade paperback with introduction by Robert Finch, 1991)
• De Rerum Natura [On the Nature of Things] by Titus Lucretius Carus (Limited Editions Club, edition of 1500, 1957; also trade edition, 1957)
• On the Origin of the Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life by Charles G. Darwin (Limited Editions Club, edition of 1500, 1963; also trade edition, 1963)

Works reproduced in

• Prints by California Artists edited by T. V. Roelof-Lanner (Crest of Hollywood Fine Arts Publishers, 1954)

References

• Lehman, Anthony L. (1983), Paul Landacre: A Life and a Legacy, Dawson's Book Shop.

• Bourrie, Sally Ruth (1983), Paul Landacre: Prints and Drawings, Los Angeles County Museum of Art exhibition catalogue.