Paraconsistent logic
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A paraconsistent logic is a logical system that attempts to deal with contradictions in a discriminating way. Alternatively, paraconsistent logic is the subfield of logic that is concerned with studying and developing paraconsistent (or "inconsistency-tolerant") systems of logic.
Inconsistency-tolerant logics have been discussed since at least 1910 (and arguably much earlier, for example in the writings of Aristotle); however, the term paraconsistent ("beside the consistent") was not coined until 1976, by the Peruvian philosopher Francisco Miró Quesada.
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Notable figures
Notable figures in the history and/or modern development of paraconsistent logic include:
- Alan Ross Anderson (United States, 1925–1973). One of the founders of relevance logic, a kind of paraconsistent logic.
- F. G. Asenjo (Argentina)
- Diderik Batens (Belgium)
- Nuel Belnap (United States, b. 1930). Worked with Anderson on relevance logic.
- Jean-Yves Béziau (France/Switzerland, b. 1965). Has written extensively on the general structural features and philosophical foundations of paraconsistent logics.
- Ross Brady (Australia)
- Bryson Brown (Canada)
- Walter Carnielli (Brazil). The developer of the possible-translations semantics, a new semantics which makes paraconsistent logics applicable and philosophically understood.
- Newton da Costa (Brazil, b. 1929). One of the first to develop formal systems of paraconsistent logic.
- Itala M. L. D'Ottaviano (Brazil)
- J. Michael Dunn (United States). An important figure in relevance logic.
- Carl Hewitt
- Stanisław Jaśkowski (Poland). One of the first to develop formal systems of paraconsistent logic.
- R. E. Jennings (Canada)
- David Kellogg Lewis (USA, 1941–2001). Articulate critic of paraconsistent logic.
- Jan Łukasiewicz (Poland, 1878–1956)
- Robert K. Meyer (United States/Australia)
- Chris Mortensen (Australia). Has written extensively on paraconsistent mathematics.
- Lorenzo Peña (Spain, b. 1944). Has developed an original line of paraconsistent logic, gradualistic logic (also known as transitive logic, TL), akin to fuzzy logic.
- Val Plumwood [formerly Routley] (Australia, b. 1939). Frequent collaborator with Sylvan.
- Graham Priest (Australia). Perhaps the most prominent advocate of paraconsistent logic in the world today.
- Francisco Miró Quesada (Peru). Coined the term paraconsistent logic.
- B. H. Slater (Australia). Another articulate critic of paraconsistent logic.
- Richard Sylvan [formerly Routley] (New Zealand/Australia, 1935–1996). Important figure in relevance logic and a frequent collaborator with Plumwood and Priest.
- Nicolai A. Vasiliev (Russia, 1880–1940). First to construct logic tolerant to contradiction (1910).
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See also
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