Pacifism
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
"According to Karlheinz Deschner in Kriminalgeschichte des Christentums, emperor Constantine I turned "the church of pacifists into a church of battlefield-shavelings, in original German turned "die Kirche der Pazifisten zur Kirche der Feldpfaffen"."--Sholem Stein |
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Pacifism is opposition to war, militarism, or violence. The word pacifism was coined by the French peace campaigner Émile Arnaud (1864–1921) and adopted by other peace activists at the tenth Universal Peace Congress in Glasgow in 1901. A related term is ahimsa (to do no harm), which is a core philosophy in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. While modern connotations are recent, having been explicated since the 19th century, ancient references abound.
In modern times, interest was revived by Leo Tolstoy in his late works, particularly in The Kingdom of God Is Within You. Mohandas Gandhi (1869–1948) propounded the practice of steadfast nonviolent opposition which he called "satyagraha", instrumental in its role in the Indian Independence Movement. Its effectiveness served as inspiration to Martin Luther King Jr., James Lawson, James Bevel, Thich Nhat Hanh and many others in the civil rights movement.
See also
- Ahimsa
- Antimilitarism
- Anti-war movement
- Anarchism
- Aparigraha
- Appeasement
- Buddhism
- Catholic peace traditions
- Christian pacifism
- Christian Peacemaker Teams
- Criticism of the War on Terror
- Conscientious objector
- Demilitarisation
- Die-in
- Hélder Câmara
- Jainism
- Jehovah's Witnesses
- Jewish Peace Fellowship
- Khudai Khidmatgar
- List of pacifist faiths
- List of peace activists
- Militarism
- Nuclear-free zone
- Non-aggression principle
- Non-belligerent
- Nonkilling
- Nonresistance
- Nonviolence
- Nonviolent resistance
- Opposition to the Iraq War
- Opposition to the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War
- Pacifist organisation
- Pacifist Socialist Party
- Peace
- Peace and conflict studies
- Peace camp
- Peace education
- Peace churches
- Peace Pledge Union
- Pentecostal Charismatic Peace Fellowship
- Protests against the Iraq War
- Quakers
- Religion and peacebuilding
- Rule according to higher law
- Satyagraha
- Social defence
- Soka University of America
- Tax resistance
- Third Party Non-violent Intervention
- Unitarian Universalist Association
- World government
- Visigothic Code