Old Europe (archaeology)
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| '''Old Europe''' is a term coined by archaeologist [[Marija Gimbutas]] to describe what she perceives as a relatively homogeneous and widespread '''[[Proto-Indo-European language|pre-Indo-European]]''' [[Neolithic Europe|Neolithic]] culture in Europe, particularly in [[Megalithic Temples of Malta|Malta]] and the [[Prehistoric Balkans|Balkans]]. | '''Old Europe''' is a term coined by archaeologist [[Marija Gimbutas]] to describe what she perceives as a relatively homogeneous and widespread '''[[Proto-Indo-European language|pre-Indo-European]]''' [[Neolithic Europe|Neolithic]] culture in Europe, particularly in [[Megalithic Temples of Malta|Malta]] and the [[Prehistoric Balkans|Balkans]]. | ||
| - | In her major work, ''The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe: 6500–3500 B.C.'' (1982), she refers to these Neolithic cultures as ''Old Europe.'' [[Archaeologist]]s and [[ethnographer]]s working within her framework believe that the evidence points to migrations of the peoples who spoke [[Indo-European languages]] at the beginning of the [[Bronze age]] (the [[Kurgan]] hypothesis). For this reason, Gimbutas and her associates regard the terms ''[[Neolithic Europe]]'', ''Old Europe'', and ''Pre-Indo-European'' as synonymous. | + | In her major work, ''The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe: 6500–3500 B.C.'' (1982), she refers to these Neolithic cultures as ''Old Europe.'' [[Archaeologist]]s and [[ethnographer]]s working within her framework believe that the evidence points to migrations of the peoples who spoke [[Indo-European languages]] at the beginning of the [[Bronze age]] (the [[Kurgan hypothesis]]). For this reason, Gimbutas and her associates regard the terms ''[[Neolithic Europe]]'', ''Old Europe'', and ''Pre-Indo-European'' as synonymous. |
| ==List of Old European Cultures== | ==List of Old European Cultures== | ||
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Old Europe is a term coined by archaeologist Marija Gimbutas to describe what she perceives as a relatively homogeneous and widespread pre-Indo-European Neolithic culture in Europe, particularly in Malta and the Balkans.
In her major work, The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe: 6500–3500 B.C. (1982), she refers to these Neolithic cultures as Old Europe. Archaeologists and ethnographers working within her framework believe that the evidence points to migrations of the peoples who spoke Indo-European languages at the beginning of the Bronze age (the Kurgan hypothesis). For this reason, Gimbutas and her associates regard the terms Neolithic Europe, Old Europe, and Pre-Indo-European as synonymous.
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List of Old European Cultures
- Mesolithic
- Megalith (8th to 2nd millennia)
- Early Neolithic
- Starcevo-Criş culture (Starčevo I, Körös, Criş, Central Balkans, 7th to 5th millennia)
- Dudeşti culture (6th millennium)
- Middle Neolithic
- Vinča culture (6th to 3rd millennia)
- Linear Ceramic culture (6th to 5th millennia)
- Comb Ceramic culture (6th to 3rd millennia)
- Cucuteni-Trypillian culture
- Ertebølle culture (5th to 3rd millennia)
- Eneolithic
- Cucuteni-Trypillian culture (5th millennium)
- Lengyel culture (5th millennium)
- A culture in Central Europe produced monumental arrangements of circular ditches between 4800 BC and 4600 BC.
- Varna culture (5th millennium)
- Funnelbeaker culture (4th millennium)
- Beaker culture (3rd to 2nd millennia, early Bronze Age)
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See also
- Prehistoric Balkans
- Vasconic languages
- Germanic substrate hypothesis
- Proto-Indo-European language
- Proto-Indo-Europeans
- Indo-Iranian migration
- Vinca script
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