October 20  

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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
-*[[1648]] - [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] Battle of Tippycart 
-*[[1740]] - [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]] takes the throne of [[Austria]]. [[France]], [[Prussia]], [[Bavaria]] and [[Saxony]] refuse to honour the [[Pragmatic Sanction]] and the [[War of the Austrian Succession]] begins.  
-*[[1781]] - [[Patent of Toleration]], providing limited [[freedom of religion|freedom of worship]], was approved in [[Habsburg Monarchy]]. 
-*[[1803]] - The [[United States Senate]] ratifies the [[Louisiana Purchase]]. 
-*[[1818]] - [[Treaty of 1818|The Convention of 1818]] signed between the United States and the United Kingdom which, among other things, settled the US-Canada border on the 49th parallel for most of its length. 
-*[[1824]] - [[William H. Seward]] and [[Frances Adeline Seward|Frances Adeline Miller Seward]] wed. 
-*[[1827]] - [[Battle of Navarino]] - a combined [[Ottoman Empire|Turkish]] and [[Egypt]]ian armada is destroyed by an allied [[United Kingdom|British]], [[France|French]], and [[Russia]]n naval force in the port of Navarino in Pylos, [[Greece]]. The most important result of this battle is the end of the Greek Liberation War and the affirmation of independence of modern [[Greece]]. 
-*[[1883]] - [[Peru]] and [[Chile]] signed the [[Treaty of Ancón]], by which the [[Tarapacá Region|Tarapacá]] province was ceded to the latter, bringing an end to Peru's involvement in the [[War of the Pacific]]. 
-*[[1910]] - The hull of the [[RMS Olympic]], sister-ship to the ill-fated [[RMS Titanic]], is launched from the [[Harland and Wolff]] [[shipyard]] in [[Belfast]], [[Ireland]]. 
-*[[1935]] - The [[Long March]] ends 
-*[[1941]] - [[World War II]]: Thousands of civilians in [[Kragujevac]] in [[Nedić's Serbia|German-occupied Serbia]] are killed in the [[Kragujevac massacre]].  
-*[[1944]] - The [[Soviet army]] and [[Partisans (Yugoslavia)|Yugoslav Partisans]] liberate [[Belgrade]], the capital of [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] 
-* 1944 - Liquid [[natural gas]] leaks from storage tanks in [[Cleveland]], then explodes; the explosion and resulting fire level 30 blocks and kill 130. 
-* 1944 - [[General Douglas MacArthur]] fulfills his promise to return to the [[Philippines]] when he commands an Allied assault on the islands, reclaiming them from the [[Japan]]ese during the [[Second World War]]. 
-*[[1947]] - The [[House Un-American Activities Committee]] begins its investigation into [[Communism|Communist]] infiltration of [[Hollywood]], resulting in a blacklist that prevents some from working in the industry for years. 
-*[[1951]] - The "[[Johnny Bright Incident]]" occurred in [[Stillwater, Oklahoma|Stillwater]], [[Oklahoma]]  
-*[[1952]] - [[Colonial Heads of Kenya|Governor]] [[Evelyn Baring, 1st Baron Howick of Glendale|Evelyn Baring]] declared a [[state of emergency]] in [[Kenya]] and began arresting hundreds of suspected leaders of the [[Mau Mau Uprising]], including [[Jomo Kenyatta]], the future first [[Heads of state of Kenya|President of Kenya]]. 
-*[[1955]] - Publication of [[The Return of the King]], being the last part of [[The Lord of the Rings]] 
-*[[1967]] - A purported [[bigfoot]] is filmed by [[Patterson-Gimlin film|Patterson and Gimlin]]. 
-*[[1968]] - Former [[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]] [[Jacqueline Kennedy]] marries [[Greece|Greek]] shipping tycoon [[Aristotle Onassis]]. 
-*[[1971]] - The [[Nepal]] stock exchange collapses. 
-*[[1973]] - The [[Saturday Night Massacre]]: [[Richard Nixon|President Nixon]] fires [[Attorney General]] [[Elliot Richardson]] and [[Deputy Attorney General]] [[William Ruckelshaus]] after they refuse to fire [[Watergate scandal|Watergate]] prosecutor [[Archibald Cox]], who is finally fired by [[Robert Bork]]. 
-* 1973 - The [[Sydney Opera House]] opens. 
-*[[1976]] - The [[ferry]] [[MV George Prince ferry disaster|''George Prince'']] is struck by a ship while crossing the [[Mississippi River]] between [[Destrehan, Louisiana|Destrehan]] and [[Luling, Louisiana|Luling, LA]]. Seventy-eight passengers and crew died; only 18 people aboard the ferry survived. 
-*[[1977]] - A plane carrying [[Lynyrd Skynyrd]] crashes in [[Mississippi]], killing lead singer [[Ronnie Van Zant]] and guitarist [[Steve Gaines]] along with backup singer [[Cassie Gaines]], road manager [[Dean Kilpatrick]], pilot [[Walter McCreary]], and co-pilot [[William Gray]]. 
-*[[1979]] - The [[John F Kennedy]] library is opened in [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]. 
-*[[1982]] - During the [[UEFA Cup]] match between [[FC Spartak Moscow]] and [[HFC Haarlem]] at least 63 and probably many more people are crushed to death in the [[Luzhniki disaster]]. 
-*[[1984]] - The [[Monterey Bay Aquarium]] opens in [[Monterey Bay, California]]. 
-*[[1991]] - The [[Oakland Hills firestorm]] kills 25 and destroys 3,469 homes and apartments, causing more than $2 billion in damage. 
- 
-*[[2004]] - [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] is sworn in as the [[List of Presidents of Indonesia|President]] of [[Indonesia]]. 
-* 2004 - The [[2004 Boston Red Sox season|Boston Red Sox]] of [[Major League Baseball]] become the first team in the history of the league to win a best-of-7 [[postseason]] series after trailing the series 3 games to 0, by defeating the [[2004 New York Yankees season|New York Yankees]] in Game 7 the [[2004 American League Championship Series|American League Championship Series]]. 
-* 2004 - The first [[Ubuntu (Linux distribution)|Ubuntu]] [[Linux]] distribution is released. 
== Births == == Births ==

Revision as of 09:20, 19 October 2007

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