October 11  

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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
- +*[[1879]] - [[Émile Cohl]] is put into jail for publishing the caricature "[[Aveugle par Ac-Sedan]]"
-*[[1531]] - [[Huldrych Zwingli]] is killed in battle with the Roman Catholic cantons of Switzerland.+*[[1975]] - [[Andy Kaufman]] [[lip-synch]]s the ''[[Mighty Mouse]]'' theme song on the premiere of NBC's [[Saturday Night Live]] (but only to the words "Here I come to save the day!")
-*[[1582]] - Because of the implementation of the [[Gregorian calendar]], this day does not exist in this year in [[Italy]], [[Poland]], [[Portugal]] and [[Spain]].+
-*[[1614]] - [[Adriaen Block]] and 12 [[Amsterdam]] merchants petition the [[Estates-General of the Netherlands|States General]] for exclusive trading rights in the [[New Netherland]] colony.+
-*[[1776]] - [[American Revolution]]: [[Battle of Valcour Island]] - On [[Lake Champlain]] 15 [[United States|American]] gunboats are defeated but give Patriot forces enough time to prepare defenses of [[New York City]].+
-*[[1809]] - Along the [[Natchez Trace]] in [[Tennessee]], explorer [[Meriwether Lewis]] dies under mysterious circumstances at an inn called Grinder's Stand. +
-*[[1811]] - Inventor [[John Stevens (inventor)|John Stevens]]' boat, the ''Juliana'', begins operation as the first [[steam]]-powered [[ferry]] (service between [[New York, New York]], and [[Hoboken, New Jersey]]).+
-*[[1852]] - The [[University of Sydney]], [[Australia]]'s oldest [[university]], is inaugurated in [[Sydney]].+
-*[[1862]] - [[American Civil War]]: In the aftermath of the [[Battle of Antietam]], [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] General [[J.E.B. Stuart]] and his men loot [[Chambersburg, Pennsylvania]], during a raid into the north.+
-*[[1864]] - [[Campina Grande ]], [[Brazil]] was established as a [[city]].+
-*[[1865]] - [[Paul Bogle]] led hundreds of black men and women in a march in [[Jamaica]], starting the [[Morant Bay rebellion]].+
-*[[1890]] - In [[Washington, DC]], the [[Daughters of the American Revolution]] is founded. +
-*[[1899]] - [[Second Boer War]] begins: In [[South Africa]], a war between the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[Boers]] of the [[Transvaal]] and [[Orange Free State]] erupts.+
-*[[1906]] - [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]] public school board sparks [[United States]] diplomatic crisis with [[Japan]] by ordering Japanese students to be taught in racially segregated schools.+
-*[[1910]] - Ex-president [[Theodore Roosevelt]] becomes the first U.S. president to fly in an airplane. He flew for four minutes with [[Arch Hoxsey]] in a plane built by the [[Wright Brothers]] at Kinloch Field ([[Lambert-St. Louis International Airport]]), [[St. Louis, Missouri]].+
-*[[1929]] - [[JC Penney]] opens store #1252 in [[Milford, Delaware]], making it a nationwide company with stores in all 48 [[U.S. state]]s.+
-*[[1930]] - [[Collingwood Football Club]] in [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]], won the premiership (football competition) for the fourth consecutive year.+
-*[[1939]] - [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] receives letter from [[Einstein]] about atom bomb.+
-*[[1942]] - [[World War II]]: [[Battle of Cape Esperance]] - On the northwest coast of [[Guadalcanal]], [[United States Navy]] ships intercept and defeat a [[Japan]]ese fleet on their way to reinforce troops on the island.+
-*[[1944]] - [[Tuvinian People's Republic]] or formerly [[Tannu Tuva]] was annexed by the U.S.S.R+
-*[[1950]] - The U.S. [[Federal Communications Commission]] issues the first license to broadcast [[television]] in color, to [[CBS]] ([[RCA]] will successfully dispute and block the license from taking effect, however). +
-*[[1954]] - [[First Indochina War]]: The [[Viet Minh]] take control of [[North Vietnam]]. +
-*[[1958]] - [[Pioneer program]]: [[NASA]] launches the lunar probe [[Pioneer 1]] (the probe falls back to [[Earth]] and burns up). +
-*[[1962]] - [[Second Vatican Council]]: [[Pope John XXIII]] convenes the first [[ecumenical council]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in 92 years. +
-*[[1967]] - [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] [[Heads of Government of Afghanistan|Prime Minister]] [[Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal]] resigns for health reasons+
-*[[1968]] - [[Project Apollo|Apollo program]]: [[NASA]] launches ''[[Apollo 7]],'' the first successful manned Apollo mission, with [[astronaut]]s [[Wally Schirra]], [[Donn F. Eisele]] and [[Walter Cunningham]] aboard. +
-*[[1975]] - The [[NBC]] sketch comedy/variety show ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' debuts with [[George Carlin]] as the host and [[Janis Ian]] and [[Billy Preston]] as musical guests. +
-*[[1982]] - The [[Mary Rose]], a Tudor gunship which sunk on July 18 1545, is raised from the sea bed in the Solent Channel, near Portsmouth.+
-*[[1984]] - Aboard the [[Space Shuttle Challenger|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'']], astronaut [[Kathryn D. Sullivan]] becomes the first [[United States|American]] woman to perform a [[space walk]]. +
-*[[1986]] - [[Cold War]]: [[U.S.]] President [[Ronald Reagan]] and [[USSR|Soviet]] leader [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] [[Reykjavik Summit|meet]] in [[Reykjavík]], [[Iceland]], in an effort to continue discussions about scaling back their intermediate [[missile]] arsenals in [[Europe]].+
-*[[1987]] - [[1987 in gay rights|March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights]] attracts an estimated [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9B0DE7DA1E3CF931A25753C1A961948260 200,000] people to protest the ''[[Bowers v. Hardwick]]'' decision and the U.S. government's handling of the [[AIDS]] epidemic; first public display of the [[NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt]].+
-*[[1998]] - A [[Congo Airlines]] [[Boeing 727]] is shot down by rebels in Kindu, [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], killing 40+
-*[[2000]] - The 100th [[Space Shuttle]] mission ([[STS-92]]) is flown.+
-*[[2001]] - The [[Polaroid Corporation]] files for federal [[bankruptcy]] protection.+
-*[[2002]] - A [[Myyrmanni bombing|bomb]] attack in a shopping mall in [[Vantaa]], [[Finland]] kills seven.+
-*[[2007]] - The Major League Divisional Championships Playoffs+
- +
==Births== ==Births==
-*[[1616]] - [[Andreas Gryphius]], German writer (d. [[1664]]) 
-*[[1661]] - [[Melchior de Polignac]], French diplomat (d. [[1742]]) 
-*[[1671]] - [[Frederick IV of Denmark]] (d. [[1730]]) 
-*[[1675]] - [[Samuel Clarke]], English philosopher (d. [[1729]]) 
-*[[1738]] - [[Arthur Phillip]], Governor of New South Wales (d. [[1814]]) 
-*[[1758]] - [[Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers]], German astronomer (d. [[1840]]) 
-*[[1786]] - [[Stevenson Archer]], American Congressman (d. [[1848]]) 
-*[[1788]] - [[Simon Sechter]], Austrian music teacher (d. [[1867]]) 
-*[[1814]] - [[Jean Baptiste Lamy]], first [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Fe|Archbishop of Santa Fe]] (d. [[1888]]) 
-*[[1815]] - [[Pierre Napoleon Bonaparte]], Italian-born adventurer (d. [[1881]]) 
-*[[1821]] - [[George Williams (YMCA)|George Williams]], English founder of the YMCA (d. [[1905]]) 
-*[[1844]] - [[Henry Heinz]], American food manufacturer (d. [[1916]]) 
-*[[1865]] - [[Hans E. Kinck]], Norwegian author and philologist (d. [[1926]]) 
-*[[1871]] - [[Johan Oscar Smith]], Norweigian Christian leader and founder of [[Smith's Friends]] (d. [[1943]]) 
-*[[1872]] - [[Harlan Fiske Stone]], 12th [[Chief Justice of the United States]] (d. [[1946]]) 
-*[[1881]] - [[Hans Kelsen]], Austrian legal theorist (d. [[1973]]) 
-*[[1884]] - [[Friedrich Bergius]], German chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel laureate]] (d. [[1949]]) 
-* 1884 - [[Eleanor Roosevelt]], [[First Lady of the United States]] (d. [[1962]]) 
-* 1884 - [[Sig Ruman]], German-American actor (d. [[1967]]) 
-*[[1885]] - [[Francois Mauriac|François Mauriac]], French author, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel laureate]] (d. [[1970]]) 
-*[[1895]] - [[Jakov Gotovac]], Croatian composer (d. [[1982]]) 
-*[[1897]] - [[Nathan Twining]], [[USAF]] general (d. [[1982]]) 
-*[[1899]] - [[Eddie Dyer]], American baseball player (d. [[1964]]) 
-*[[1905]] - [[Fred Trump]], American real estate developer, father of [[Donald Trump]] (d. [[1999]]) 
-*[[1918]] - [[Jerome Robbins]], American choreographer (d. [[1998]]) 
*[[1919]] - [[Art Blakey]], American jazz drummer (d. [[1990]]) *[[1919]] - [[Art Blakey]], American jazz drummer (d. [[1990]])
-* 1919 - [[Jean Vander Pyl]], American voice actress (d. [[1999]])+*[[1937]] - [[R. H. W. Dillard]], American poet
-*[[1924]] - [[Mal Whitfield]], American athlete+
-*[[1925]] - [[Elmore Leonard]], American novelist+
-*[[1926]] - [[Neville Wran]], Premier of New South Wales+
-* 1926 - [[Nhat Hanh|Nhất Hạnh]], Vietnamese Zen Buddhist monk+
-*[[1928]] - [[Alfonso de Portago]], Spanish race car driver (d. [[1957]])+
-*[[1929]] - [[Liselotte Pulver]], Swiss actress+
-*[[1930]] - [[Sam Johnson]], American politician+
-* 1930 - [[LaVell Edwards]], American football coach+
-*[[1932]] - [[Dottie West]], American singer (d. [[1991]])+
-*[[1936]] - [[Billy Higgins]], American jazz drummer (d. [[2001]])+
-*[[1937]] - Sir [[Bobby Charlton]], English footballer+
-* 1937 - [[R. H. W. Dillard]], American poet+
-*[[1939]] - [[Maria Bueno]], Brazilian tennis player+
-* 1939 - [[Austin Currie]], Northern Irish politician+
-*[[1941]] - [[Lester Bowie]], American jazz trumpet player (d. [[1999]])+
-*[[1942]] - [[Amitabh Bachchan]], Indian actor+
-*[[1943]] - [[John Nettles]], English actor+
-*[[1944]] - [[Mike Fiore]], American baseball player+
-*[[1946]] - [[Sawao Kato]], Japanese gymnast+
-* 1946 - [[Daryl Hall]], American musician+
-* 1946 - [[Gary Mallaber]], American musician ([[The Steve Miller Band]])+
-*[[1947]] - [[Al Atkins]], English musician, vocalist+
-* 1947 - [[Lucas Papademos]], Greek economist, Vice President of the [[European Central Bank]]+
-*[[1951]] - [[Jean-Jacques Goldman]], French singer/songwriter +
-*[[1953]] - [[David Morse (actor)|David Morse]], American actor+
-*[[1956]] - [[Nicanor Duarte Frutos]], [[President of Paraguay]]+
-*[[1957]] - [[Dawn French]], Welsh comedian+
-*[[1957]] - J.A. Landry, American Author+
-*[[1959]] - [[Wayne Gardner]], Australian racing driver+
-*[[1960]] - [[Curt Ford]], American baseball player+
-*[[1961]] - [[Neil Buchanan]], English television presenter+
-* 1961 - [[Amr Diab]], Egyptian singer+
-* 1961 - [[Steve Young (athlete)|Steve Young]], American football player+
-*[[1962]] - [[Nicola Bryant]], English actress+
-* 1962 - [[Joan Cusack]], American actress+
-*[[1963]] - [[Prince Faisal bin Al Hussein]] of Jordan+
-*[[1964]] - [[Michael J. Nelson]], American actor/writer+
-*[[1965]] - [[Sean Patrick Flanery]], American actor+
-* 1965 - [[Luke Perry]], American actor+
-*[[1966]] - [[Solofa Fatu]], aka Rikishi, American professional wrestler+
-*[[1967]] - [[Tony Chimel]], American professional wrestling announcer+
-* 1967 - [[Artie Lange]], American actor/comedian+
-* 1967 - [[David Starr]], American race car driver+
-* 1967 - [[Peter Senerchia|Tazz]], American professional wrestler/commentator+
-*[[1968]] - [[Claude Lapointe]], Canadian ice hockey player+
-* 1968 - [[Jane Krakowski]], American actress+
-*[[1969]] - [[Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands]]+
-*[[1970]] - [[Chidi Ahanotu]], American football player+
-* 1970 - [[Andy Marriott]], English footballer+
-* 1970 - [[U-God]], American rapper ([[Wu-Tang Clan]])+
-*[[1971]] - [[Petra Haden]], American musician ([[The Rentals]])+
-*[[1972]] - [[Claudia Black]], Australian actress+
-*[[1973]] - [[Takeshi Kaneshiro]], actor/model+
-* 1973 - [[Steven Pressley]], Scottish footballer+
-* 1973 - [[Dmitri Young]], American baseball player+
-* 1973 - [[Niki Xanthou]], Greek long jumper+
-*[[1974]] - [[Jason Arnott]], Canadian ice hockey player+
-* 1974 - [[Terje Haakonsen]], Norwegian snowboarder+
-*[[1976]] - [[Emily Deschanel]], American actress+
-* 1976 - [[Brent Bennett]], American mercenary+
-*[[1977]] - [[Claudia Palacios]], Colombian television journalist +
-* 1977 - [[Ty Wigginton]], American baseball player+
-* 1977 - [[Desmond Mason]], American basketball player+
-* 1977 - [[Matthew Bomer]], American actor+
-*[[1978]] - [[Carlos Alonso Kali]], Angolan footballer+
-*[[1979]] - [[Bae Doona]], South Korean model and actress+
-* 1979 - [[Andy Douglas]], American professional wrestler+
-* 1979 - [[Gabe Saporta]], Uruguayan-born musician/singer ([[Cobra Starship]], [[Midtown (band)|Midtown]])+
-*[[1980]] - [[Nyron Nosworthy]], English footballer+
-*[[1983]] - [[William Sledd]], American internet personality+
-*[[1984]] - [[Sergio Hellings]], Dutch footballer+
-* 1984 - [[Martha MacIsaac]], Canadian actress+
-*[[1985]] - [[Michelle Trachtenberg]], American actress+
-*[[1987]] - [[Mike Conley, Jr.]], American basketball player+
-*[[1988]] - [[Knut Eirik Kokkin]], Norwegian singer ([[L8R]])+
-*[[1989]] - [[Michelle Wie]], American golfer+
-*[[1991]] - [[Chauncey Matthews]], [[American Juniors]] singer+
-*[[1995]] - [[Princess Luisa Maria of Belgium, Archduchess of Austria-Este]]+
-<!-- +
-Please do not add yourself, non-notable people, fictional characters, or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please. +
-Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.+
-If there are multiple people in the same birth year, put them in alphabetical order.+
-Do not trust "this year in history" websites for accurate date information. -->+
==Deaths== ==Deaths==
-*[[1188]] - [[Robert I of Dreux]], son of [[Louis VI of France]] 
-*[[1303]] - [[Pope Boniface VIII]] 
-*[[1347]] - [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor]] (b. [[1282]]) 
-*[[1424]] - [[Jan Zizka]], leader of the [[Hussites]] (b. [[1370]]) 
-*[[1531]] - [[Huldrych Zwingli]], Swiss Protestant leader (b. [[1484]]) 
-*[[1705]] - [[Guillaume Amontons]], French physicist and instrument maker (b. [[1663]]) 
-*[[1708]] - [[Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus]], German mathematician (b. [[1651]]) 
-*[[1721]] - [[Edward Colston]], English merchant and philanthropist (b. [[1636]]) 
-*[[1725]] - [[Hans Herr]], Swiss-born Mennonite bishop (b. [[1639]]) 
-*[[1779]] - [[Kazimierz Pułaski]], Polish fighter for American independence (b. [[1745]]) 
-*[[1809]] - [[Meriwether Lewis]], American explorer (b. [[1774]]) 
-*[[1811]] - [[Johann Conrad Ammann]], Swiss physician and naturalist (b. [[1724]]) 
-*[[1821]] - [[John Ross Key]], American judge and lawyer (b. [[1754]]) 
-*[[1852]] - [[Ferdinand Eisenstein]], German mathematician (b. [[1823]]) 
-*[[1889]] - [[James Prescott Joule]], English physicist (b. [[1818]]) 
-*[[1896]] - [[Anton Bruckner]], Austrian composer (b. [[1824]]) 
-* 1896 - [[Edward White Benson]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (b. [[1829]]) 
-*[[1935]] - [[Steele Rudd]], Australian author (b. [[1868]]) 
-*[[1940]] - [[Lluis Companys|Lluís Companys]], President of Generalitat of Catalonia (shot) (b. [[1882]]) 
-* 1940 - [[Vito Volterra]], Italian mathematician and physicist (b. [[1860]]) 
-*[[1961]] - [[Chico Marx]], American comedian (b. [[1887]]) 
*[[1963]] - [[Jean Cocteau]], French writer (b. [[1889]]) *[[1963]] - [[Jean Cocteau]], French writer (b. [[1889]])
* 1963 - [[Édith Piaf]], French singer and actress (b. [[1915]]) * 1963 - [[Édith Piaf]], French singer and actress (b. [[1915]])
-*[[1965]] - [[Dorothea Lange]], American photographer (b. [[1895]])+*[[2006]] - [[Jacques Sternberg]], Belgian French language writer (b. 1923)
-* 1965 - [[Walther Stampfli]], [[member of the Swiss Federal Council]] (b. [[1884]])+
-*[[1971]] - [[Chesty Puller]], the most decorated Marine in history (b. [[1898]])+
-*[[1976]] - [[Alfredo Bracchi]], Italian author (b. [[1897]])+
-*[[1977]] - [[MacKinlay Kantor]], American author (b. [[1904]])+
-*[[1988]] - [[Bonita Granville]], American actress (b. [[1923]])+
-*[[1989]] - [[M. King Hubbert]], American geophysicist (b. [[1904]])+
-*[[1991]] - [[Steven Jesse Bernstein]], American underground poet (suicide) (b. [[1950]])+
-* 1991 - [[Redd Foxx]], American comedian and actor (b. [[1922]])+
-*[[1993]] - [[Jess Thomas]], American tenor (b. [[1927]])+
-*[[1996]] - [[Lars Ahlfors]], Finnish mathematician (b. [[1907]])+
-* 1996 - [[Joe Morris (trade unionist)|Joe Morris]], C.C., LL.D., Canadian trade unionist (b. [[1913]])+
-* 1996 - [[Renato Russo]], [[Brazilian rock]] singer-songwriter (b. [[1960]])+
-*[[1998]] - [[Richard Denning]], American actor (b. [[1914]])+
-*[[2000]] - [[Donald Dewar]], First Minister of Scotland (b. [[1937]])+
-*[[2002]] - [[Dina Pathak]], Indian Actress (b. [[1922]])+
-*[[2004]] - [[Keith Miller]], Australian sportsman (b. [[1919]])+
-*[[2005]] - [[Edward Szczepanik]], Polish economist and Prime Minister in exile (b. [[1915]])+
-* 2005 - [[Shan-ul-Haq Haqqee]], Linguist, and writer of Pakistan (b. [[1917]])+
-*[[2006]] - [[Cory Lidle]], American baseball pitcher (b. [[1972]])+
-* 2006 - [[Howard Kerzner]], Chief Executive Officer of Kerzner International (b. [[1964]])+
-* 2006 - [[Benito Martínez]], Cuban who claimed to be the oldest person (b. ?[[1880]])+
- +
-== Notes ==+
-# Jean Cocteau+
-# Jacques Sternberg+
-# Art Blakey+
-# I, a Woman+
-# Émile Cohl+
-# Émile Goudeau+
-# Édith Piaf+
- * Jean Cocteau+
- * R. H. W. Dillard+
- +
- +
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}

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