North American Free Trade Agreement
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| - | '''Postnationalism''' or '''non-nationalism''' is the process or trend by which [[nation states]] and national identities lose their importance relative to cross nation and self organized or supranational and global entities. Although postnationalism is not strictly considered the antonym of [[nationalism]], the two terms and their associated assumptions are antithetic as postnationalism is an [[Internationalism (politics)|internationalist]]ic process. | + | The '''North American Free Trade Agreement''' ('''NAFTA'''; {{lang-es|Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte}}, '''TLCAN'''; {{lang-fr|Accord de libre-échange nord-américain}}, '''ALÉNA''') is an agreement signed by [[Canada]], [[Mexico]], and the [[United States]], creating a trilateral [[trade bloc]] in [[North America]]. The agreement came into force on January 1, 1994, and superseded the 1988 [[Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement]] between the United States and Canada. The NAFTA trade bloc is one of the largest trade blocs in the world by [[gross domestic product]]. |
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| - | There are several factors that contribute to aspects of postnationalism, including economic, political, and cultural elements. | + | |
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| - | Increasing [[globalization]] of ''economic'' factors, such as the expansion of [[international trade]] with [[raw materials]], manufactured goods, and services, and the importance of multinational corporations and internationalization of financial markets, have shifted emphasis from national economies to global ones. At the same time, [[socio-political power]] is partially transferred from national authorities to supernational entities, such as [[multinational corporation]]s, the [[United Nations]], the [[European Union]], the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] (NAFTA), and [[NATO]]. In addition, [[Broadcast media|media]] and [[entertainment]] industries are becoming increasingly global and facilitate the formation of trends and opinions on a supranational scale. [[human migration|Migration]] of individuals or groups between countries contributes to the formation of postnational identities and beliefs, even though attachment to citizenship and [[national identities]] often remains important. | + | |
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| - | == Postnationalism and human rights == | + | |
| - | In the scholarly literature, postnationalism is linked to the expansion of international [[human rights]] law and [[peremptory norm|norm]]s. International human rights norms are reflected in a growing stress on the rights of individuals in terms of their "personhood," not just their citizenship. International human rights law does not recognize the right of entry to any state by [[non-citizens]], but demands that individuals should be judged increasingly on [[Universal (metaphysics)|universal]] criteria not particularistic criteria (such as blood descent in ethnicity, or favoring a particular sex). This has impacted citizenship and immigration law, especially in [[western world|western]] countries. Germany, for example, has felt pressure to, and has diluted (if not eradicated), [[Jus sanguinis|citizenship based on ethnic descent]], which had caused German-born [[Turkish people|Turks]], for example, to be excluded from German citizenship. Scholars identified with this argument include [[Yasemin Soysal]], [[David Jacobson (scholar)|David Jacobson]], and [[Saskia Sassen]]. | + | |
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| - | == In the European Union == | + | |
| - | The European integration has created a system of supranational entities and is often discussed in relationship to the concept of postnationalism. | + | |
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| - | == In Canada == | + | |
| - | In 2015, Canadian Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]] while defining [[Canadian values]] declared his country to be the world’s first postnational state. | + | |
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| - | == In the media == | + | |
| - | Catherine Frost, professor of [[political science]] at [[McMaster University]], argues that while the Internet and online social relations forge social and political bonds across national borders, they do not have "the commitment or cohesiveness needed to underpin a demanding new mode of social and political relations". | + | |
| - | == In sports == | + | |
| - | Postnational trends have been evident in professional sports. Simon Kuper called the 2008 European soccer championship ([[UEFA Euro 2008]]) "the first postnational" European Championship. He argues that during the tournament both for players and fans [[sportsmanship]] and enjoyment of the event were more important than national rivalries or even winning. | + | |
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| - | * [[Anti-globalization movement]] | + | * [[United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement]] (USMCA) |
| - | * [[Digital currency]] | + | * [[North American Leaders' Summit]] (NALS) |
| - | * [[Global citizenship]] | + | * [[Canada's Global Markets Action Plan]] |
| - | * [[Identity politics]] | + | * [[The Fight for Canada]] |
| - | * [[Transnationalism]] | + | * [[Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement]] (CETA) |
| - | * [[Tribe (Internet)]] | + | * [[North American Transportation Statistics Interchange]] |
| - | * [[Types of nationalism]] | + | * [[Pacific Alliance]] |
| - | * [[World Wide Web]] | + | * [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]] (TPP) |
| + | * [[Free trade debate]] | ||
| + | * [[US public opinion on the North American Free Trade Agreement]] | ||
| + | * [[Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership]] (CPTPP) | ||
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The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA; Template:Lang-es, TLCAN; Template:Lang-fr, ALÉNA) is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America. The agreement came into force on January 1, 1994, and superseded the 1988 Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement between the United States and Canada. The NAFTA trade bloc is one of the largest trade blocs in the world by gross domestic product.
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See also
- United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA)
- North American Leaders' Summit (NALS)
- Canada's Global Markets Action Plan
- The Fight for Canada
- Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA)
- North American Transportation Statistics Interchange
- Pacific Alliance
- Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)
- Free trade debate
- US public opinion on the North American Free Trade Agreement
- Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)
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