New Latin
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The term New Latin, or Neo-Latin, is used to describe a form of the Latin language used after the end of the Medieval Latin period (c. 1500) to c. 1900, and in a very limited fashion, down to the present day, in the form of neologisms.
By 1900, creative Latin composition, for purely artistic purposes, had become rare. Authors such as Arthur Rimbaud and Max Beerbohm wrote Latin verse, but these texts were either school exercises or occasional pieces. The last survivals of New Latin to convey non-technical information appear in the use of Latin to cloak passages and expressions deemed too indecent (in the 19th century) to be read by children, the lower classes, or (most) women. Such passages appear in translations of foreign texts and in works on folklore, anthropology, and psychology, e.g. Krafft-Ebing's Psychopathia Sexualis (1886).
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Notable works (1500-1900)
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Literature and biography
- 1511. Stultitiæ Laus, essay by Desiderius Erasmus.
- 1516. Utopia[1] [2] by Thomas More
- 1525.&1538. Hispaniola and Emerita, two comedies by Juan Maldonado.
- 1546. Sintra, a poem by Luisa Sigea de Velasco.
- 1602. Cenodoxus, a play by Jacob Bidermann.
- 1608. Parthenica, two books of poetry by Elizabeth Jane Weston.
- 1621. Argenis, a novel by John Barclay.
- 1626-1652. Poems by John Milton.
- 1634. Somnium, a scientific fantasy by Johannes Kepler.
- 1741. Nicolai Klimii Iter Subterraneum[3][4], a satire by Ludvig Holberg.
- 1761. Slawkenbergii Fabella, short parodic piece in Laurence Sterne's Tristram Shandy.
- 1767. Apollo et Hyacinthus, intermezzo by Rufinus Widl (with music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart).
- 1835. Georgii Washingtonii, Americæ Septentrionalis Civitatum Fœderatarum Præsidis Primi, Vita, biography of George Washington by Francis Glass.
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Scientific works
- 1543. De Revolutionibus Orbium Cœlestium by Nicolaus Copernicus
- 1545. Ars Magna by Hieronymus Cardanus
- 1551-58 and 1587. Historiae animalium by Conrad Gessner.
- 1600. De Magnete, Magneticisque Corporibus et de Magno Magnete Tellure by William Gilbert.
- 1609. Astronomia nova by Johannes Kepler.
- 1610. Sidereus Nuncius by Galileo Galilei.
- 1620. Novum Organum by Francis Bacon.[5]
- 1628. Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus by William Harvey. [6]
- 1659. Systema Saturnium by Christiaan Huygens.
- 1673. Horologium Oscillatorium by Christiaan Huygens. Also at Gallica.
- 1687. Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica by Isaac Newton. [7]
- 1703. Hortus Malabaricus by Hendrik van Rheede.[8][9]
- 1735. Systema Naturae by Carolus Linnaeus.
- 1737. Mechanica sive motus scientia analytice exposita by Leonhard Euler.
- 1738. Hydrodynamica, sive de viribus et motibus fluidorum commentarii by Daniel Bernoulli.
- 1748. Introductio in analysin infinitorum by Leonhard Euler.
- 1753. Species Plantarum by Carolus Linnaeus.
- 1758. Systema Naturae (10th ed.) by Carolus Linnaeus.
- 1791. De viribus electricitatis in motu musculari by Aloysius Galvani.
- 1801. Disquisitiones Arithmeticae by Carl Gauss.
- 1810. Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen by Robert Brown.[10]
- 1840. Flora Brasiliensis by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius.[11]
- 1864. Philosophia zoologica by Jan van der Hoeven.
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Other technical subjects
- 1511-16. De Orbe Novo Decades by Peter Martyr d'Anghiera.
- 1514. De Asse et Partibus by Guillaume Budé.
- 1524. De motu Hispaniæ by Juan Maldonado.
- 1525. De subventione pauperum sive de humanis necessitatibus libri duo by Juan Luis Vives.
- 1530. Syphilis, sive, De Morbo Gallico by Girolamo Fracastoro(transcription)
- 1531. De disciplinis libri XX by Juan Luis Vives.
- 1552. Colloquium de aulica et privata vivendi ratione by Luisa Sigea de Velasco.
- 1553. Christianismi Restitutio by Michael Servetus. A mainly theological treatise, where the function of pulmonary circulation was first described by a European, more than half a century before Harvey. For the non-trinitarian message of this book Servetus was denounced by Calvin and his followers, condemned by the French Inquisition, and burnt alive just outside of Geneva. Only three copies survived.
- 1554. De naturæ philosophia seu de Platonis et Aristotelis consensione libri quinque by Sebastián Fox Morcillo.
- 1582. Rerum Scoticarum Historia by George Buchanan (transcription)
- 1587. Minerva sive de causis linguæ Latinæ by Francisco Sánchez de las Brozas.
- 1589. De natura Novi Orbis libri duo et de promulgatione euangelii apud barbaros sive de procuranda Indorum salute by José de Acosta.
- 1597. Disputationes metaphysicæ by Francisco Suárez.
- 1599. De rege et regis institutione by Juan de Mariana.
- 1604-1608. Historia sui temporis by Jacobus Augustus Thuanus.
- 1612. De legibus by Francisco Suárez.
- 1615. De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas by Matteo Ricci and Nicolas Trigault.
- 1625. De Jure Belli ac Pacis by Hugo Grotius. (Posner Collection facsimile; Gallica facsimile)
- 1641. Meditationes de prima philosophia by René Descartes. (The Latin, French and English by John Veitch.)
- 1642-1658. Elementa Philosophica by Thomas Hobbes.
- 1652-1654. Œdipus Ægyptiacus by Athanasius Kircher.
- 1655. Novus Atlas Sinensis by Martino Martini.
- 1656. Flora Sinensis by Michael Boym.
- 1657. Orbis Sensualium Pictus by John Amos Comenius. (Hoole parallel Latin/English translation, 1777; Online version in Latin)
- 1670. Tractatus Theologico-Politicus by Baruch Spinoza.
- 1677. Ethica Ordine Geometrico Demonstrata by Baruch Spinoza.
- 1725. Gradus ad Parnassum by Johann Joseph Fux. An influential treatise on musical counterpoint.
- 1780. De rebus gestis Caroli V Imperatoris et Regis Hispaniæ and De rebus Hispanorum gestis ad Novum Orbem Mexicumque by Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda.
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