New Imperialism
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
"Taking up what Arendt stated in her 1951 book The Origins of Totalitarianism, Domenico Losurdo argued that the 20th century's true original sin was the colonial empire of the late 19th century, where totalitarianism and the internments manifested for the first time." --Sholem Stein |
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New Imperialism was a period of colonial expansion by European powers, the United States, and Japan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The period is distinguished by an unprecedented pursuit of overseas territorial acquisitions. At the time, states focused on building their empires with new technological advances and developments, making their territory bigger through conquest, and exploiting their resources.
During the era of New Imperialism, the Western powers (and Japan) conquered almost all of Africa and parts of Asia. The new wave of imperialism reflected ongoing rivalries among the great powers, the economic desire for new resources and markets, and a "civilizing mission" ethos. Many of the colonies established during this era gained independence during the era of decolonization that followed World War II.
The qualifier "new" is used to differentiate between imperialism which generally refers to the first wave of European colonization between the 15th and early 19th centuries. In the first wave of colonization, European powers conquered and colonized the Americas and later established outposts in Africa and Asia.
See also
- Dollar Diplomacy, US about 1910
- Historiography of the British Empire
- Imperialism
- Crisis theory
- International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)
- Timeline of imperialism
- Imperialism in Asia
People
- Otto von Bismarck, Germany
- Joseph Chamberlain, Britain
- Jules Ferry, France
- Napoléon III of France
- Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
- William McKinley, U.S.