Islam in Europe
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
"Despite this long history, many European states found themselves overwhelmed by the flow of foreign fighters and the wave of terrorism that swept Europe during the Syrian jihad. Some of this was related to the staggering scale of the foreign fighter flows. Almost 6,000 European Muslims traveled to fight in Syria, compared with around 700 between 1990 and 2010 to Afghanistan, Bosnia, Chechnya, and Iraq combined." --"Trump’s Syria withdrawal is a boon for ISIS — and a nightmare for Europe" Daniel L. BymanTuesday, October 15, 2019 [1] "We have 50 million Muslims in Europe. There are signs that Allah will grant Islam victory in Europe—without swords, without guns, without conquest—will turn it into a Muslim continent within a few decades." Speech (10 April 2006), quoted in The New York Sun (6 September 2009) "Terrorists Promise More Attacks Like 9/11" by Steven Stalinsky "Make not three, but five children. Because you are the future of Europe. That will be the best response to the injustices against you." --Erdogan, March 17, 2017 |
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Islam is the third largest religious belief in Europe after Christianity and Irreligion. Muslim-majority countries are found in the Balkans. Other countries with sizable minorities include Russia, France and Germany.
Islam entered Eastern Europe in what are now parts of Russia and Bulgaria in the 7th and 13th century, respectively. Following the Muslim conquest of Persia, Islam for the first time penetrated into regions that would later become part of Russia. The Ottoman Empire expanded into Europe taking huge portions of the Byzantine Empire in the 14th and 15th centuries. Over the centuries, the Ottoman Empire also gradually lost almost all of its European territories, until the empire collapsed in 1922. However, parts of the Balkans (such as Bosnia-Herzegovina, Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia, Bulgaria and Montenegro) continue to have large populations of native, European Muslims.
Transcontinental countries, such as Turkey, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan have large Muslim populations. This is also the case in a number of regions within the Russian Federation such as the Northern Caucasus (Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, Stavropol Krai, Adygea), Crimea, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan and the Astrakhan Oblast.
In the late 20th and early 21st centuries substantial numbers of non-native Muslims immigrated to Western Europe. By 2010 an estimated 44 million Muslims were living in Europe (6%), including an estimated 19 million in the EU (3.8%). They are projected to comprise 8% by 2030. They are often the subject of intense discussion and political campaigns. These have been periodically revived by events such as terrorist attacks by extremist Islamists, the cartoons affair in Denmark, debates over Islamic dress, elevated crime rates amongst Islamic minorities and ongoing support for populist radical right parties that view Muslims as a threat to European values and ways of life. Such events have also fueled growing debate on Islamophobia, attitudes toward Muslims and the populist radical right.
See also
- Antemurale Christianitatis
- European Islam
- Shia Islam
- Bosnian Genocide
- Jihad
- Islam by country
- Islamic culture
- Islamic dress in Europe
- Islamism
- Eurabia
- A Common Word Between Us and You
- Islamophobic incidents
- List of cities in the European Union by Muslim population
- List of mosques in Europe
- List of mosques in Russia
- Persecution of Muslims
- Turks in Europe
- Islamic feminism
- Islamic terrorism in Europe
Organizations
- Catholic–Muslim Forum
- European Council for Fatwa and Research
- Muslim Council for Cooperation in Europe
From template 'Islam in Europe'
- Conquest of Hispania
- Al-Andalus
- Islam in southern Italy
- Transmission of the Classics
- Cultural transmission
- Norman-Arab-Byzantine culture
- Medieval Christian views on Muhammad
- Crusades
- Reconquista
- Tatar yoke
- Reception of Islam in Early Modern Europe
- Protestantism and Islam
- Anglo-Moroccan alliance
- Ottoman wars in Europe
- Ottoman–Habsburg wars
- Barbary pirates
- Barbary slave trade
- Islamization of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Russo-Turkish wars
- Islamization of Albania
- Orientalism in early modern France
- Orientalism
- Islam and modernity
- Partition of the Ottoman Empire
- Nazi Germany and the Arab world
- Islam and secularism
- Islam and democracy
- European Islam
- Islamic terrorism
- Liberal movements within Islam
- Religion in the European Union
- Islamic dress in Europe
- Islamophobia
- Eurabia
- Jihadi tourism
- Albania
- Andorra
- Armenia
- Austria
- Azerbaijan
- Belarus
- Belgium
- Bosnia
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Georgia
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Ireland
- Italy
- Latvia
- Liechtenstein
- Lithuania
- Macedonia
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Moldova
- Montenegro
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Russia
- Serbia
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Turkey
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
- USSR