Media bias
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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"The Political Economy of Human Rights (1979) by Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman compares American media coverage of the Khmer Rouge–led Cambodian genocide to the Indonesian occupation of East Timor."--Sholem Stein |
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Media bias is a term used to describe a real or perceived bias of journalists and news producers within the mass media, in the selection of which events will be reported and how they are covered. The term "media bias" usually refers to a pervasive or widespread bias contravening the standards of journalism, rather than the perspective of an individual journalist or article.The direction and degree of media bias in various countries is widely disputed, although its causes are both practical and theoretical.
Practical limitations to media neutrality include the inability of journalists to report all available stories and facts, and the requirement that selected facts be linked into a coherent narrative (Newton 1989). Since it is impossible to report everything, some bias is inevitable. Government influence, including overt and covert censorship, biases the media in some countries. Market forces that can result in a biased presentation include the ownership of the news source, the selection of staff, the preferences of an intended audience, or pressure from advertisers. Political affiliations arise from ideological positions of media owners and journalists. The space or air time available for reports, as well as deadlines needed to be met, can lead to incomplete and apparently biased stories.
See also
- False equivalence
- Concentration of media ownership
- Freedom of speech by country
- Hostile media effect
- Mass media impact on spatial perception
- Media bias during the Vietnam War
- Media bias in the Canadian province of Alberta
- Media bias in Norway
- Media bias in South Asia
- Media bias in Sweden
- Media bias in the United States
- Media coverage of the Arab–Israeli conflict
- Media imperialism
- Media representation of Hugo Chávez
- Media transparency
- Propaganda
- Structural pluralism
- Framing (social sciences)
- One-Dimensional Man
