Max Black
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| + | {| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5" | ||
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| + | "To draw attention to a philosopher's [[metaphor]]s is to [[belittle]] him-like praising a logician for his beautiful handwriting. Addiction to metaphor is held to be illicit, on the principle that whereof one can speak only metaphorically, thereof one ought not to speak at all. Yet the nature of the offence is unclear. I should like to do something to dispel the mystery that invests the topic; but since philosophers (for all their notorious interest in language) have so neglected the subject, I must get what help I can from the literary critics. They, at least, do not accept the commandment, " Thou shalt not commit metaphor ", or assume that metaphor is incompatible with serious thought." --incipit | ||
| + | "'''[[Metaphor (Max Black essay)|Metaphor]]'''" (1962) by [[Max Black]] | ||
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| - | '''Max Black''' (24 February 1909 – 27 August 1988) was a British-American philosopher, who was a leading influential figure in [[analytic philosophy]] in the first half of the twentieth century. He made contributions to the [[philosophy of language]], the [[philosophy of mathematics]] and [[philosophy of science|science]], and the [[philosophy of art]], also publishing studies of the work of philosophers such as [[Gottlob Frege|Frege]]. His translation (with [[Peter Geach]]) of Frege's published philosophical writing is a classic text.{{citation needed|date=July 2011}} | + | '''Max Black''' (24 February 1909 – 27 August 1988) was a British-American philosopher, who was a leading influential figure in [[analytic philosophy]] in the first half of the twentieth century. He made contributions to the [[philosophy of language]], the [[philosophy of mathematics]] and [[philosophy of science|science]], and the [[philosophy of art]], also publishing studies of the work of philosophers such as [[Gottlob Frege|Frege]]. His translation (with [[Peter Geach]]) of Frege's published philosophical writing is a classic text. |
| Born in [[Baku]], [[Russian Empire]] [now [[Azerbaijan]]] of [[Azerbaijani Jews|Azeri-Jewish]] descent, Black grew up in [[London]], where his family had moved in 1912. He studied mathematics at [[Queens' College, Cambridge]] where he developed an interest in the [[philosophy of mathematics]]. [[Bertrand Russell|Russell]], [[Ludwig Wittgenstein|Wittgenstein]], [[G. E. Moore]], and [[Frank P. Ramsey|Ramsey]] were all at Cambridge at that time, and their influence on Black may have been considerable. He graduated in 1930 and was awarded a fellowship to study at [[Göttingen]] for a year. | Born in [[Baku]], [[Russian Empire]] [now [[Azerbaijan]]] of [[Azerbaijani Jews|Azeri-Jewish]] descent, Black grew up in [[London]], where his family had moved in 1912. He studied mathematics at [[Queens' College, Cambridge]] where he developed an interest in the [[philosophy of mathematics]]. [[Bertrand Russell|Russell]], [[Ludwig Wittgenstein|Wittgenstein]], [[G. E. Moore]], and [[Frank P. Ramsey|Ramsey]] were all at Cambridge at that time, and their influence on Black may have been considerable. He graduated in 1930 and was awarded a fellowship to study at [[Göttingen]] for a year. | ||
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| From 1931–36, he was mathematics master at the [[Royal Grammar School, Newcastle]]. | From 1931–36, he was mathematics master at the [[Royal Grammar School, Newcastle]]. | ||
| - | His first book was ''The nature of mathematics'' (1933), an exposition of ''[[Principia Mathematica]]'' and of current developments in the philosophy of mathematics. | + | His first book was ''The nature of mathematics'' (1933), an exposition of ''[[Principia Mathematica]]'' and of current developments in the [[philosophy of mathematics]]. |
| Black had made notable contributions to the metaphysics of [[Identity (philosophy)| identity]]. In his "The Identity of Indiscernibles", Black presents an objection to [[Identity of indiscernibles| Leibniz' Law]] by means of a hypothetical scenario in which he conceives two distinct spheres having exactly the same properties, thereby contradicting Leibniz' second principle in his formulation of "The Identity of Indescernibles". By virtue of there being two objects, albeit with identical properties, the existence of two objects, even in a void, denies their identicality. | Black had made notable contributions to the metaphysics of [[Identity (philosophy)| identity]]. In his "The Identity of Indiscernibles", Black presents an objection to [[Identity of indiscernibles| Leibniz' Law]] by means of a hypothetical scenario in which he conceives two distinct spheres having exactly the same properties, thereby contradicting Leibniz' second principle in his formulation of "The Identity of Indescernibles". By virtue of there being two objects, albeit with identical properties, the existence of two objects, even in a void, denies their identicality. | ||
| He lectured in mathematics at the [[Institute of Education]] in London from 1936 to 1940. In 1940 he moved to the [[United States]] and joined Philosophy Department at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]]. In 1946 he accepted a professorship in philosophy at [[Cornell University]]. In 1948, he became a [[naturalized citizen]] of the United States. He was elected a Fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1963. Black died in [[Ithaca, New York]] age 79. His younger brother was the architect Sir [[Misha Black]]. | He lectured in mathematics at the [[Institute of Education]] in London from 1936 to 1940. In 1940 he moved to the [[United States]] and joined Philosophy Department at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]]. In 1946 he accepted a professorship in philosophy at [[Cornell University]]. In 1948, he became a [[naturalized citizen]] of the United States. He was elected a Fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1963. Black died in [[Ithaca, New York]] age 79. His younger brother was the architect Sir [[Misha Black]]. | ||
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| ==Selected bibliography== | ==Selected bibliography== | ||
| * Black, Max (1937). "Vagueness: An exercise in logical analysis". ''Philosophy of Science'' '''4''': 427–455. Reprinted in R. Keefe, P. Smith (eds.): ''Vagueness: A Reader'', MIT Press 1997, ISBN 978-0-262-61145-9 | * Black, Max (1937). "Vagueness: An exercise in logical analysis". ''Philosophy of Science'' '''4''': 427–455. Reprinted in R. Keefe, P. Smith (eds.): ''Vagueness: A Reader'', MIT Press 1997, ISBN 978-0-262-61145-9 | ||
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| * Black, Max (1954). “Metaphor,” ''Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society'', '''55''', pp. 273–294. | * Black, Max (1954). “Metaphor,” ''Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society'', '''55''', pp. 273–294. | ||
| * Black, Max (1962). ''Models and metaphors: Studies in language and philosophy'', Ithaca: Cornell University Press. | * Black, Max (1962). ''Models and metaphors: Studies in language and philosophy'', Ithaca: Cornell University Press. | ||
| - | * Black, Max (1979). “More about Metaphor,” in A. Ortony (ed): ''Metaphor & Thought''. | + | * Black, Max (1979). “[[More about Metaphor]],” in A. Ortony (ed): ''Metaphor & Thought''. |
| * [[Encyclopaedia Judaica]], 2nd ed. | * [[Encyclopaedia Judaica]], 2nd ed. | ||
| - | + | ==See also== | |
| + | *[[Metaphor in philosophy]] | ||
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"To draw attention to a philosopher's metaphors is to belittle him-like praising a logician for his beautiful handwriting. Addiction to metaphor is held to be illicit, on the principle that whereof one can speak only metaphorically, thereof one ought not to speak at all. Yet the nature of the offence is unclear. I should like to do something to dispel the mystery that invests the topic; but since philosophers (for all their notorious interest in language) have so neglected the subject, I must get what help I can from the literary critics. They, at least, do not accept the commandment, " Thou shalt not commit metaphor ", or assume that metaphor is incompatible with serious thought." --incipit "Metaphor" (1962) by Max Black |
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Max Black (24 February 1909 – 27 August 1988) was a British-American philosopher, who was a leading influential figure in analytic philosophy in the first half of the twentieth century. He made contributions to the philosophy of language, the philosophy of mathematics and science, and the philosophy of art, also publishing studies of the work of philosophers such as Frege. His translation (with Peter Geach) of Frege's published philosophical writing is a classic text.
Born in Baku, Russian Empire [now Azerbaijan] of Azeri-Jewish descent, Black grew up in London, where his family had moved in 1912. He studied mathematics at Queens' College, Cambridge where he developed an interest in the philosophy of mathematics. Russell, Wittgenstein, G. E. Moore, and Ramsey were all at Cambridge at that time, and their influence on Black may have been considerable. He graduated in 1930 and was awarded a fellowship to study at Göttingen for a year.
From 1931–36, he was mathematics master at the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle.
His first book was The nature of mathematics (1933), an exposition of Principia Mathematica and of current developments in the philosophy of mathematics.
Black had made notable contributions to the metaphysics of identity. In his "The Identity of Indiscernibles", Black presents an objection to Leibniz' Law by means of a hypothetical scenario in which he conceives two distinct spheres having exactly the same properties, thereby contradicting Leibniz' second principle in his formulation of "The Identity of Indescernibles". By virtue of there being two objects, albeit with identical properties, the existence of two objects, even in a void, denies their identicality.
He lectured in mathematics at the Institute of Education in London from 1936 to 1940. In 1940 he moved to the United States and joined Philosophy Department at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In 1946 he accepted a professorship in philosophy at Cornell University. In 1948, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1963. Black died in Ithaca, New York age 79. His younger brother was the architect Sir Misha Black.
Selected bibliography
- Black, Max (1937). "Vagueness: An exercise in logical analysis". Philosophy of Science 4: 427–455. Reprinted in R. Keefe, P. Smith (eds.): Vagueness: A Reader, MIT Press 1997, ISBN 978-0-262-61145-9
- Black, Max (1949). Language and philosophy: Studies in method, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
- Black, Max (1954). “Metaphor,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 55, pp. 273–294.
- Black, Max (1962). Models and metaphors: Studies in language and philosophy, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
- Black, Max (1979). “More about Metaphor,” in A. Ortony (ed): Metaphor & Thought.
- Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed.
See also
