March 18  

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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
*[[1931]] ''[[Tabu (film)|Tabu]]'' by [[F. W. Murnau]] premieres *[[1931]] ''[[Tabu (film)|Tabu]]'' by [[F. W. Murnau]] premieres
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-* [[37]] - The [[Roman Senate]] annuls [[Tiberius]]' will and proclaims [[Caligula]] emperor.  
-*[[1229]] - [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor]] declares himself [[King of Jerusalem]] during the [[Sixth Crusade]].  
-*[[1241]] - [[Kraków]] is ravaged by [[Mongols]]. 
-*[[1314]] - [[Jacques de Molay]], the 23rd and the last Grand Master of the [[Knights Templar]] is burned at the stake.  
-*[[1438]] - [[Albert II of Habsburg]] becomes King of [[Germany]]. 
-*[[1608]] - [[Susenyos of Ethiopia|Susenyos]] is formally crowned Emperor of [[Ethiopia]] 
-*[[1673]] - [[John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton]] sells his part of [[New Jersey]] to some [[Religious Society of Friends|Friends]] (Quakers).  
-*[[1766]] - [[American Revolution]]: The [[British Parliament]] repeals the [[Stamp Act 1765|Stamp Act]], which was very unpopular in the British colonies.  
-*[[1793]] - The first [[republic]]an state in [[Germany]], the [[Republic of Mainz]], is declared by [[Andreas Joseph Hofmann]]. 
-*[[1834]] - [[Tolpuddle Martyrs|Six farm labourers]] from [[Tolpuddle]], [[Dorset]], [[England]] are sentenced to be transported to [[Australia]] for forming a [[trade union]]. 
-*[[1850]] - [[American Express]] is founded by [[Henry Wells]] & [[William Fargo]].  
-*[[1865]] - [[American Civil War]]: The Congress of the [[Confederate States of America]] adjourns for the last time.  
-*[[1871]] - Declaration of the [[Paris Commune]]; President of the [[France|French]] Republic [[Adolphe Thiers]] orders evacuation of [[Paris]].  
-*[[1874]] - [[Hawaii]] signs a treaty with the [[United States]] granting exclusive [[trade|trading]] rights. 
-*[[1893]] - Former Governor General [[Lord Stanley]] pledges to donate a [[silver]] challenge cup, later named after him, as an award for the best [[hockey|ice hockey]] team in [[Canada]]; originally presented to amateur champions, the [[Stanley Cup]] has been awarded to the top pro team since [[1910]], and since [[1926]], only to [[National Hockey League]] teams. 
-*[[1906]] - [[Traian Vuia]] flies a self-propelled heavier-than-air [[aircraft]]. 
-*[[1909]] - Einar Dessau uses a [[short-wave radio]] transmitter, becoming the first radio broadcaster.  
-*[[1913]] - King [[George I of Greece]] is [[assassin]]ated in the recently liberated city of [[Thessaloniki]].  
-*[[1915]] - [[World War I]]: Massive naval attack in [[Battle of Gallipoli]]. Three [[battleship]]s are sunk during a failed [[United Kingdom|British]] & [[France|French]] naval attack on the [[Dardanelles]].  
-*[[1921]] - The second [[Peace of Riga]] between [[Poland]] and [[Soviet Union]]. 
-*[[1922]] - In [[India]], [[Mohandas Gandhi]] is sentenced to six years in [[prison]] for [[civil disobedience]]. He would serve only 2 years. 
-* 1922 - The first public celebration of [[B'nai mitzvah#Jewish girls|Bat mitzvah]], for the daughter of Rabbi [[Mordecai Kaplan]], is held in [[New York City]].  
-*[[1925]] - The [[Tri-State Tornado]] hits the Midwestern states of [[Missouri]], [[Illinois]], and [[Indiana]], killing 695 people. 
-*[[1937]] - The [[New London School explosion]] kills three hundred, mostly children. 
-* 1937 - [[Spanish Civil War]]: [[Spain|Spanish]] Republican forces hand [[Italy|Italian]] forces a grave defeat at the [[Battle of Guadalajara]]. 
-* 1937 - The human-powered aircraft, ''[[Enea Bossi, Sr.#Pedaliante|Pedaliante]]'', flies 1 kilometre (0.62 miles) outside [[Milan]]. 
-*[[1938]] - [[Mexico]] nationalizes all foreign-owned [[petroleum|oil]] properties within its borders.  
-*[[1940]] - [[World War II]]: [[Axis Powers]] - [[Adolf Hitler]] and [[Benito Mussolini]] meet at [[Brenner Pass]] in the [[Alps]] and agree to form an alliance against [[France]] and the [[United Kingdom]].  
-*[[1944]] - The eruption of [[Mount Vesuvius]] in [[Italy]] kills 26 and causes thousands to flee their homes. 
-*[[1945]] - World War II: 1,250 American bombers attack [[Berlin]].  
-*[[1946]] - The [[diplomatic relations]] between [[Switzerland]] and the [[Soviet Union]] were established. 
-*[[1953]] - An [[earthquake]] hits western [[Turkey]], killing 250.  
-*[[1959]] - American President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] signs a bill into law allowing for [[Hawaii]]an statehood, which would become official on [[August 21]].  
-*[[1962]] - The [[Evian Accords]] puts an end to the [[Algerian War of Independence]], which began in [[1954]].  
-*[[1965]] - [[Astronaut|Cosmonaut]] [[Aleksei Leonov]], leaving his spacecraft [[Voskhod 2]] for 12 minutes, becomes the first person to [[Extra-vehicular activity|walk in space]]. 
-*[[1967]] - [[Supertanker]] [[Torrey Canyon]] runs aground off the Cornish coast. 
-*[[1968]] - [[Gold standard]]: The [[Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress]] repeals the requirement for a [[gold]] reserve to back [[US currency]].  
-*[[1970]] - [[Lon Nol]] ousts Prince [[Norodom Sihanouk]] of [[Cambodia]].  
-*[[1971]] - A [[landslide]] at Chungar, [[Peru]] crashes into [[Lake Yanahuani]] killing 200.  
-*[[1974]] - [[Oil embargo crisis]]: Most [[OPEC]] nations end a five-month oil [[embargo]] against the [[United States]], [[Europe]] and [[Japan]].  
-*[[1980]] - On [[Plesetsk Cosmodrome]] in [[Russia]], 50 people are killed at an explosion of a [[Vostok rocket|Vostok-2M]] rocket on its launch pad during a fueling operation. 
-*[[1989]] - In [[Egypt]], a 4,400-year-old [[mummy]] is found in the [[Great Pyramid of Giza|Pyramid of Cheops]].  
*[[1990]] - In largest [[art theft]] in US history, 12 paintings, collectively worth around $300 million, are stolen from the [[Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum]] in [[Boston, Massachusetts]]. *[[1990]] - In largest [[art theft]] in US history, 12 paintings, collectively worth around $300 million, are stolen from the [[Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum]] in [[Boston, Massachusetts]].
-*[[1997]] - The tail of a Russian [[Antonov An-24]] charter plane breaks off while en-route to [[Turkey]] causing the plane to crash and killing all 50 on board and leading to the grounding of all An-24s.+*[[2005]] - [[Terri Schiavo]]'s feeding tube is removed at the request of her husband, fueling a worldwide debate on [[euthanasia]].
-*[[2003]] - US enters [[war in Iraq]]. About $1 billion was taken from Iraq's Central Bank by [[Saddam Hussein]] and his family, just hours before the United States began bombing Iraq, biggest bank robbery in history. [http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/05/06/sprj.nilaw.bank/]+
-* 2003 - [[FBI]] agents raid the corporate headquarters of [[HealthSouth Corporation]] in [[Birmingham, Alabama]] on suspicion of massive corporate [[fraud]] led by the company's top executives.+
-* 2003 - [[British Sign Language]] is recognised as an official British language.+
-*[[2005]] - The first-ever Muslim Friday prayer led by a woman in a mixed-gender congregation is held in [[New York City]], marking a break with a 1426-year [[Islam]]ic tradition.+
-* 2005 - [[Terri Schiavo]]'s feeding tube is removed at the request of her husband, fueling a worldwide debate on [[euthanasia]].+
-*[[2007]] Kimi Räikkönen won Australian Grand Prix+
==Births== ==Births==

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Stéphane Mallarmé Laurence Sterne Tamara de Lempicka Paris Commune Giulio Questi Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau Stefan Jarl Paul van Ostaijen Madame de La Fayette Richard Condon Erich Fromm Félix Alcan Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov John Updike Luc Besson Brad Dourif Charles Morice


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