Conspiracy theory  

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 +Andre: "OK. Yes, we are [[Boredom|bored]]. We're all bored now. But has it ever occurred to you Wally that the process that creates this boredom that we see in the world now may very well be a self-perpetuating, unconscious form of [[brainwashing]], created by a world [[Totalitarianism|totalitarian government]] based on money, and that all of this is much more dangerous than one thinks? and it's not just a question of individual survival Wally, but that somebody who's bored is asleep, and somebody who's asleep will not say no?" --''[[My Dinner with Andre]]''
 +<hr>
 +"The American academic [[Noam Chomsky]] contrasts [[conspiracy theory]] as more or less the opposite of [[institutional analysis]], which focuses mostly on the public, long-term behaviour of publicly known institutions, as recorded in, e.g. scholarly documents or [[mainstream media]] reports, rather than secretive coalitions of individuals: "If I give an analysis of, say, the economic system, and I point out that [[General Motors]] tries to [[maximize profit]] and [[market share]], that's not a [[conspiracy theory]], that's an [[institutional analysis]].""--Sholem Stein
 +|}
 +[[Image:Speculum Sophicum Rhodostauroticum.jpg|thumb|right|200px|This page '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is part of the [[mysticism]] series.
 +<br><small>Illustration to the ''[[Speculum Sophicum Rhodostauroticum]]'' ([[1618]]) by [[Teophilus Schweighardt Constantiens]]</small>]]
{{Template}} {{Template}}
- 
A '''conspiracy theory''' attempts to attribute the ultimate cause of an event or chain of events (usually [[political]], [[social]], or [[historical]] events), or the concealment of such causes from [[public]] knowledge, to a [[secrecy|secret]], and often [[deception|deceptive]] plot by a [[covert]] [[coalition|alliance]] of powerful or influential people or organizations. Many conspiracy theories claim that major events in history have been dominated by conspirators who manipulate political happenings from behind the scenes. A '''conspiracy theory''' attempts to attribute the ultimate cause of an event or chain of events (usually [[political]], [[social]], or [[historical]] events), or the concealment of such causes from [[public]] knowledge, to a [[secrecy|secret]], and often [[deception|deceptive]] plot by a [[covert]] [[coalition|alliance]] of powerful or influential people or organizations. Many conspiracy theories claim that major events in history have been dominated by conspirators who manipulate political happenings from behind the scenes.
The first recorded use of the phrase "conspiracy theory" dates back to an economics article in the 1920s, but it was only in the 1960s that it entered popular usage. It entered the supplement to the [[Oxford English Dictionary]] as late as 1997. The first recorded use of the phrase "conspiracy theory" dates back to an economics article in the 1920s, but it was only in the 1960s that it entered popular usage. It entered the supplement to the [[Oxford English Dictionary]] as late as 1997.
-The term "conspiracy theory" is used by mainstream scholars and in [[popular culture]] to identify a type of [[folklore]] similar to an [[urban legend]], especially an explanatory narrative which is constructed with particular [[methodological]] flaws.<ref>Johnson, 1983</ref> The term is also used [[pejorative]]ly to dismiss claims that are alleged by critics to be misconceived, paranoid, unfounded, outlandish, irrational, or otherwise unworthy of serious consideration. For example "Conspiracy nut" and "conspiracy theorist" are used as pejorative terms. Some whose theories or speculations are labeled a "conspiracy theory" reject the term as prejudicial.+The term "conspiracy theory" is used by mainstream scholars and in [[popular culture]] to identify a type of [[folklore]] similar to an [[urban legend]], especially an explanatory narrative which is constructed with particular [[methodological]] flaws. The term is also used [[pejorative]]ly to dismiss claims that are alleged by critics to be misconceived, paranoid, unfounded, outlandish, irrational, or otherwise unworthy of serious consideration. For example "Conspiracy nut" and "conspiracy theorist" are used as pejorative terms. Some whose theories or speculations are labeled a "conspiracy theory" reject the term as prejudicial.
-The term "conspiracy theory" may be a neutral descriptor for any [[Conspiracy (political)|conspiracy]] claim. To ''conspire'' means "to join in a secret agreement to do an unlawful or wrongful act or to use such means to accomplish a lawful end."<ref>Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, p. 243 (8th ed. 1976).</ref> However, conspiracy ''theory'' is also used to indicate a [[narrative]] [[genre]] that includes a broad selection of (not necessarily related) arguments for the existence of grand conspiracies, any of which might have far-reaching social and political implications if true.+The term "conspiracy theory" may be a neutral descriptor for any [[Conspiracy (political)|conspiracy]] claim. To ''conspire'' means "to join in a secret agreement to do an unlawful or wrongful act or to use such means to accomplish a lawful end." However, conspiracy ''theory'' is also used to indicate a [[narrative]] [[genre]] that includes a broad selection of (not necessarily related) arguments for the existence of grand conspiracies, any of which might have far-reaching social and political implications if true.
Whether or not a particular conspiracy allegation may be impartially or neutrally labeled a conspiracy theory is subject to [[Conspiracy theory#Controversies|some controversy]]. Conspiracy theory has become a highly charged political term, and the broad critique of 'conspiracy theorists' by [[academics]], [[politicians]], [[psychologists]], and the [[mass media|media]] cuts across traditional left-right political lines. Whether or not a particular conspiracy allegation may be impartially or neutrally labeled a conspiracy theory is subject to [[Conspiracy theory#Controversies|some controversy]]. Conspiracy theory has become a highly charged political term, and the broad critique of 'conspiracy theorists' by [[academics]], [[politicians]], [[psychologists]], and the [[mass media|media]] cuts across traditional left-right political lines.
-The [[United States|US]] academic [[Noam Chomsky]] contrasts conspiracy theory as more or less the opposite of [[institutional analysis]], which focuses mostly on the public, long-term behaviour of publicly known institutions, as recorded in, e.g. scholarly documents or [[mainstream media]] reports, rather than secretive coalitions of individuals.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/{{PAGENAMEE}}] [May 2007]+The [[United States|US]] academic [[Noam Chomsky]] contrasts conspiracy theory as more or less the opposite of [[institutional analysis]], which focuses mostly on the public, long-term behaviour of publicly known institutions, as recorded in, e.g. scholarly documents or [[mainstream media]] reports, rather than secretive coalitions of individuals.
 +==See also==
 +* [[Moon landing conspiracy theories]]
 +* [[Conspiracy (civil)|Conspiracy in civil law]]
 +* [[Conspiracy (crime)|Conspiracy in criminal law]]
 +* [[List of conspiracy theories]]
 +* [[Conspiracy fiction]]
 +* [[Fringe theory]]
 +* [[Furtive fallacy]]
 +* [[Pseudohistory]]
 +* [[Pseudoscience]]
 +* [[Secret history]]
 +* [[UFO conspiracy theory]]
 +* [[Influencing machine]]
 +* [[Zeitgeist (film series)]]
 +==See also==
 +* [[Cabal]]s
 +* [[Conspiracy (civil)|Civil]]
 +* [[Conspiracy (criminal)|Criminal]]
 +* [[Deception]]
 +* [[Espionage]]
 +* [[Conspiracy fiction|Fiction]]
 +* [[List of political conspiracies|Political]]
 +* [[Secrecy]]
 +* [[Secret society|Secret societies]]
 +* [[Urban legend]]
 +* [[Attitude polarization]]
 +* [[Cognitive dissonance]]
 +* [[Communal reinforcement]]
 +* [[Confirmation bias]]
 +* [[Locus of control]]
 +* [[Mass hysteria]]
 +* [[Paranoia]]
 +* [[Psychological projection]]
 +* [[Geoffrey Chaucer|Geoffrey Chaucer (1400)]]
 +* [[Princes in the Tower|Princes in the Tower (1483)]]
 +* [[Kaspar Hauser|Kaspar Hauser (1833)]]
 +* [[Assassination of Abraham Lincoln|Abraham Lincoln (1865)]]
 +* [[Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria|Franz Ferdinand (1914)]]
 +* [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener#Death|Lord Kitchener (1916)]]
 +* [[Michael Collins (Irish leader)#Death|Michael Collins (1922)]]
 +* [[Sergey Kirov#Assassination and aftermath|Sergey Kirov (1934)]]
 +* [[Władysław Sikorski's death controversy|Władysław Sikorski (1943)]]
 +* [[Death of Subhas Chandra Bose|Subhas Chandra Bose (1945)]]
 +* [[Dag Hammarskjöld#Death|Dag Hammarskjöld (1961)]]
 +* [[Patrice Lumumba#Foreign involvement in his death|Patrice Lumumba (1961)]]
 +* [[John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories|John F. Kennedy (1963)]]
 +* [[Robert F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories|Robert F. Kennedy (1968)]]
 +* [[Juscelino Kubitschek#Return to Brazil and death|Juscelino Kubitschek (1976)]]
 +* [[Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories|Pope John Paul I (1978)]]
 +* [[Airey Neave#Conspiracy theories|Airey Neave (1979)]]
 +* [[1980 Camarate air crash|Francisco]] [[Francisco de Sá Carneiro|de Sá Carneiro and]] [[Adelino Amaro da Costa|Adelino Amaro da Costa (1980)]]
 +* [[Assassination of Olof Palme#Murder theories|Olof Palme (1986)]]
 +* [[Death and state funeral of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq (1988)]]
 +* [[Suicide of Vince Foster|Vince Foster (1993)]]
 +* [[Yitzhak Rabin assassination conspiracy theories|Yitzhak Rabin (1995)]]
 +* [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales conspiracy theories|Diana, Princess of Wales (1997)]]
 +* [[Nepalese royal massacre#Conspiracy theories|Nepalese royal family (2001)]]
 +* [[USS Maine (ACR-1)#False flag conspiracy theories|USS ''Maine'' (1898)]]
 +* [[RMS Lusitania#Conspiracy theories|RMS ''Lusitania'' (1915)]]
 +* [[Reichstag fire|Reichstag fire (1933)]]
 +* [[Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory|Pearl Harbor (1941)]]
 +* [[Operation Gladio|Operation "Gladio"]]
 +* [[USS Liberty incident#Ongoing controversy and unresolved questions|USS ''Liberty'' (1967)]]
 +* [[Widerøe Flight 933|Widerøe Flight 933 (1982)]]
 +* [[Korean Air Lines Flight 007 alternative theories|KAL Flight 007 (1983)]]
 +* [[1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash|Mozambican presidential jet (1986)]]
 +* [[Pan Am Flight 103 conspiracy theories|Pan Am Flight 103 (1988)]]
 +* [[Oklahoma City bombing conspiracy theories|Oklahoma City bombing (1995)]]
 +* [[9/11 conspiracy theories|9/11 attacks (2001)]]
 +** [[September 11 attacks advance-knowledge conspiracy theories|Advance knowledge (2001)]]
 +** [[World Trade Center controlled demolition conspiracy theories|WTC collapse (2001)]]
 +* [[Controversies about the 2004 Madrid train bombings|Madrid train bombing (2004)]]
 +* [[Rumours and conspiracy theories about the July 2005 London bombings|London bombings (2005)]]
 +* [[Malaysia Airlines Flight 17#Russian media coverage|Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (2014)]]
 +* [[RMS Titanic alternative theories|RMS ''Titanic'' (1912)]]
 +* [[Phar Lap#Death|Phar Lap (1932)]]
 +* [[Conspiracy theories about Adolf Hitler's death|Adolf Hitler's death (1945)]]
 +* [[Yemenite Children Affair|Yemenite Children (1948–54)]]
 +* [[Cairo Fire#Conspiracy theories|Cairo Fire (1952)]]
 +* [[Dyatlov Pass incident|Dyatlov Pass incident (1959)]]
 +* [[Lost Cosmonauts|Lost Cosmonauts]]
 +* [[Elvis sightings|Elvis Presley's death (1977)]]
 +* [[Jonestown conspiracy theories|Jonestown (1978)]]
 +* [[Satanic ritual abuse]] ([[blood libel]])
 +* [[MS Estonia#Causes of the disaster|MS ''Estonia'' (1994)]]
 +* [[Suicide of Kurt Cobain|Kurt Cobain (1994)]]
 +* [[Hello Garci scandal]]
 +* [[Osama bin Laden death conspiracy theories|Osama bin Laden (2011)]]
 +* [[2013 Lahad Datu standoff#Allegations of political motives behind the conflict|Lahad Datu, Malaysia standoff (2013)]]
 +* [[Zamboanga City crisis#Alleged link to the PDAF scam|Zamboanga City crisis (2013)]]
 +* [[Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 unofficial disappearance theories|Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 (2014)]]
 +* [[Bilderberg Group]]
 +* [[Black helicopter]]s
 +* [[Bohemian Grove]]
 +* [[Council on Foreign Relations]]
 +* [[Denver International Airport#Conspiracies and controversy|Denver International Airport]]
 +* [[Eurabia]]
 +* [[Illuminati]]
 +* [[Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory|Judeo-Masonic plot]]
 +* [[Jewish conspiracy|Jews]]
 +* ''[[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]''
 +* [[Masonic conspiracy theories|Freemasons]]
 +* [[North American Union]]
 +* [[List of conspiracy theories#Anti-Catholic conspiracy theories|Catholics]]
 +* [[Jesuit conspiracy theories|Jesuits]]
 +* [[Vatican conspiracy theories|Vatican]]
 +* [[ODESSA]]
 +* [[Rothschild family#Conspiracy theories|Rothschild family]]
 +* [[Skull and Bones]]
 +* [[The Fellowship (Christian organization)|The Fellowship]]
 +* [[Trilateral Commission]]
 +* [[Alien abduction]]
 +* [[Area 51]]
 +* [[Bermuda Triangle]]
 +* [[Black Knight satellite conspiracy theory|Black Knight satellite]]
 +* [[Cryptoterrestrial hypothesis]]
 +* [[Extraterrestrial hypothesis]]
 +* [[Interdimensional hypothesis]]
 +* [[Dulce Base]]
 +* [[Estimate of the Situation|''Estimate of the Situation'' (1948)]]
 +* [[Majestic 12]]
 +* [[Men in black]]
 +* [[Nazi UFOs]]
 +* [[Project Serpo]]
 +* [[Reptilians]]
 +* [[Tunguska event|Tunguska (1908)]]
 +* [[Ghost rockets|Ghost rockets (1946)]]
 +* [[Maury Island incident|Maury Island (1947)]]
 +* [[Roswell UFO incident|Roswell (1947)]]
 +* [[Mantell UFO incident|Mantell (1948)]]
 +* [[Kecksburg UFO incident|Kecksburg (1965)]]
 +* [[Rendlesham Forest incident|Rendlesham Forest (1980)]]
 +* [[Cash-Landrum incident|Cash-Landrum (1980)]]
 +* [[Varginha UFO incident|Varginha (1996)]]
 +* [[Phoenix Lights|Phoenix Lights (1997)]]
 +* [[2006 O'Hare International Airport UFO sighting|Chicago (2006)]]
 +* [[Moon landing conspiracy theories|Apollo Moon landings]]
 +* [[Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories|Barack Obama's citizenship]]{{\}}[[Barack Obama religion conspiracy theories|religion]]{{\}}[[Dreams from My Real Father|parentage]]
 +* [[United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade|Belgrade Chinese embassy bombing (1999)]]
 +* [[Black genocide conspiracy theory|Black genocide]]
 +* [[CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory|CIA-Kennedy assassination link]]
 +* [[Allegations of CIA assistance to Osama bin Laden]]
 +* [[Dulles' Plan]]
 +* [[FEMA camps conspiracy theory|FEMA concentration camps]]
 +* [[High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program#Conspiracy theories|HAARP]]
 +* [[Jade Helm 15 conspiracy theories|Jade Helm 15 (2015)]]
 +* [[Montauk Project]]
 +* [[October Surprise conspiracy theory|October Surprise (1980)]]
 +* [[Pizzagate conspiracy theory|Pizzagate (2016)]]
 +* [[Philadelphia Experiment|Philadelphia Experiment (1943)]]
 +* [[Project Azorian|Project Azorian (1974)]]
 +* [[Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting conspiracy theories|Sandy Hook shooting (2012)]]
 +* [[Murder of Seth Rich|Seth Rich (2017)]]
 +* [[Sovereign citizen movement|Sovereign citizen]]{{\}}[[Redemption movement]]
 +* [[Vast right-wing conspiracy]]
 +* [[Vietnam War POW/MIA issue]]
 +* [[TWA Flight 800 conspiracy theories|TWA Flight 800 (1996)]]
 +* [[Chemtrail conspiracy theory|Chemtrails]]
 +* [[Free energy suppression conspiracy theory|Free energy suppression]]
 +* [[Global warming conspiracy theory|Global warming]]
 +* [[Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories|HIV/AIDS origins]]
 +* [[HIV/AIDS denialism]]
 +* [[SARS conspiracy theory|SARS (2003)]]
 +* [[Water fluoridation controversy#Conspiracy theories|Water fluoridation]]
 +* [[2012 phenomenon]]
 +* [[Agenda 21#Opposition|Agenda 21 (1992)]]
 +* [[Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow#Cancellation|Cancellation of the Avro Arrow (1959)]]
 +* [[Bible conspiracy theory]]
 +* [[Clockwork Orange (plot)|Clockwork Orange (1970s)]]
 +* [[Conspiracy theories in the Arab world]]
 +** [[Israel-related animal conspiracy theories|Israeli animal theories]]
 +** [[Temple Denial|Temple Mount]]
 +* ''[[Conspiracy Encyclopedia]]''
 +* [[Paul is dead|"Death" of Paul McCartney (1969)]]
 +* [[Homintern]]
 +* [[Homosexual recruitment]]
 +* [[Knights Templar legends|Knights Templar]]
 +* [[Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet|Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet (1987)]]
 +* [[Love Jihad]]
 +* [[Reconquista (Mexico)|Mexican Reconquista]]
 +* [[New Coke#Conspiracy theories|New Coke (1985)]]
 +* [[Phantom time hypothesis|Phantom time]]{{\}}[[New Chronology (Fomenko)|New Chronology]]
 +* [[Red mercury]]
 +* [[Soft coup]]
 +* [[Vela Incident|Vela Incident (1979)]]
 +* [[War against Islam]]
 +* [[Genocide denial]]
 + 
 + 
 +{{GFDL}}

Current revision

Andre: "OK. Yes, we are bored. We're all bored now. But has it ever occurred to you Wally that the process that creates this boredom that we see in the world now may very well be a self-perpetuating, unconscious form of brainwashing, created by a world totalitarian government based on money, and that all of this is much more dangerous than one thinks? and it's not just a question of individual survival Wally, but that somebody who's bored is asleep, and somebody who's asleep will not say no?" --My Dinner with Andre


"The American academic Noam Chomsky contrasts conspiracy theory as more or less the opposite of institutional analysis, which focuses mostly on the public, long-term behaviour of publicly known institutions, as recorded in, e.g. scholarly documents or mainstream media reports, rather than secretive coalitions of individuals: "If I give an analysis of, say, the economic system, and I point out that General Motors tries to maximize profit and market share, that's not a conspiracy theory, that's an institutional analysis.""--Sholem Stein

This page Conspiracy theory is part of the mysticism series. Illustration to the Speculum Sophicum Rhodostauroticum (1618) by Teophilus Schweighardt Constantiens
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This page Conspiracy theory is part of the mysticism series.
Illustration to the Speculum Sophicum Rhodostauroticum (1618) by Teophilus Schweighardt Constantiens

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A conspiracy theory attempts to attribute the ultimate cause of an event or chain of events (usually political, social, or historical events), or the concealment of such causes from public knowledge, to a secret, and often deceptive plot by a covert alliance of powerful or influential people or organizations. Many conspiracy theories claim that major events in history have been dominated by conspirators who manipulate political happenings from behind the scenes.

The first recorded use of the phrase "conspiracy theory" dates back to an economics article in the 1920s, but it was only in the 1960s that it entered popular usage. It entered the supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary as late as 1997.

The term "conspiracy theory" is used by mainstream scholars and in popular culture to identify a type of folklore similar to an urban legend, especially an explanatory narrative which is constructed with particular methodological flaws. The term is also used pejoratively to dismiss claims that are alleged by critics to be misconceived, paranoid, unfounded, outlandish, irrational, or otherwise unworthy of serious consideration. For example "Conspiracy nut" and "conspiracy theorist" are used as pejorative terms. Some whose theories or speculations are labeled a "conspiracy theory" reject the term as prejudicial.

The term "conspiracy theory" may be a neutral descriptor for any conspiracy claim. To conspire means "to join in a secret agreement to do an unlawful or wrongful act or to use such means to accomplish a lawful end." However, conspiracy theory is also used to indicate a narrative genre that includes a broad selection of (not necessarily related) arguments for the existence of grand conspiracies, any of which might have far-reaching social and political implications if true.

Whether or not a particular conspiracy allegation may be impartially or neutrally labeled a conspiracy theory is subject to some controversy. Conspiracy theory has become a highly charged political term, and the broad critique of 'conspiracy theorists' by academics, politicians, psychologists, and the media cuts across traditional left-right political lines.

The US academic Noam Chomsky contrasts conspiracy theory as more or less the opposite of institutional analysis, which focuses mostly on the public, long-term behaviour of publicly known institutions, as recorded in, e.g. scholarly documents or mainstream media reports, rather than secretive coalitions of individuals.

See also

See also





Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Conspiracy theory" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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