Léo Taxil
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| - | '''Léo Taxil''', originally '''Marie Joseph Gabriel Antoine Jogand-Pagès''' ([[March 21]] [[1854]]–[[March 31]] [[1907]]), was a [[France|French]] hoaxster who duped the [[Leo XIII|pope]] and the French prelates. | ||
| - | He was born in [[Marseille]]. He first became known for writing scurrilous [[anti-Catholic]] books, notably the famous [[sado-masochistic]] titles [[Les Debauches d'un confesseur]], [[Les Pornographes sacrés: la confession et les confesseurs]], and [[Les Maîtresses du Pape]] in which leaders of the Catholic church were portrayed as hedonistic creatures exploring their fetishes in the manner of the [[Marquis de Sade]]; in 1879 he was tried at the Seine Assizes for writing a pamphlet "A Bas la Calotte" ("''Down with the Cloth''"), which was accused of insulting a religion recognized by the state, but he was acquitted. | + | '''Léo Taxil''' (1854 – 1907), was a [[French writer]] and journalist known for his [[anti-Catholic]] and [[anti-clerical]] views and for the [[Taxil hoax]], a spurious exposé of [[Freemasonry]] and the [[Roman Catholic Church]]'s opposition to it. |
| - | ==The Taxil hoax== | + | He wrotes books such as ''[[La corruption fin-de-siècle]]'' (1891). |
| - | In 1885 he professed conversion to Catholicism, was solemnly received into the church, and renounced his earlier works. In the 1890s he wrote a series of pamphlets and books denouncing [[Freemasonry]], charging their lodges with worshipping the devil and alleging that one [[Diana Vaughan]] had written for him her confessions of the Satanic "[[Palladism]]" cult. That book had a great sale among Catholics, although Diana Vaughan never appeared in public. In 1892 Taxil also began to publish a paper ''La France chrétienne anti-maçonnique''. In 1887 he had an audience with [[Pope Leo XIII]], who [[rebuke]]d the bishop of Charleston for denouncing the anti-Masonic confessions as a fraud and in 1896 sent his blessing to an anti-Masonic Congress in Trent. | + | ==Early life== |
| + | Marie Joseph Gabriel Antoine Jogand-Pagès was born in [[Marseille]], and at the age of five, he was placed into a [[Jesuit]] seminary. After spending his childhood years in the seminary, he became disillusioned with the Catholic faith and began to see the religious ideology as socially harmful. He also wrote some novels under the [[pseudonym]] Prosper Manin. | ||
| - | Doubts about Vaughan's veracity and even her existence began to grow, and finally Taxil promised to produce her at a lecture to be delivered by him on [[April 19]] [[1897]]. To the amazement of the audience (which included a number of priests), he announced that Diana was one of a series of hoaxes. He had begun, he said, by persuading the commandant of Marseille that the harbour was infested with sharks, and a ship was sent to destroy them. Next he invented an underwater city in [[Lake Geneva]], drawing tourists and archaeologists to the spot. He thanked the bishops and Catholic newspapers for facilitating his crowning hoax, namely his conversion. Diana Vaughan was revealed to be a simple typist in his employ, who laughingly allowed her name to be used by him. | + | ==La Bible amusante== |
| + | Taxil first became known for writing [[Anti-clericalism|anti-Clerical]] or [[anti-Catholic]] books, notably ''[[La Bible amusante]]'' (''The Amusing Bible'') and ''La Vie de Jesus'' (''The Life of Jesus''), in which Taxil satirically pointed out inconsistencies, errors, and false beliefs presented in these religious works. In his other books ''Les Débauches d'un confesseur'' (''Debauchery of a Confessor'', with Karl Milo), ''Les Pornographes sacrés: la confession et les confesseurs'' (''Sacred Pornographs: confession and confessors''), and ''Les Maîtresses du Pape'' (''The Pope's Mistresses''), Taxil portrays leaders of the Catholic Church as hedonistic creatures exploring their fetishes in the manner of the [[Marquis de Sade]]. In 1879, he was tried at the Seine [[Cour d'assises|Assizes]] for writing a pamphlet ''A Bas la Calotte'' ("Down with the Cloth"), which was accused of insulting a religion recognized by the state, but he was acquitted. | ||
| - | The audience received these revelations with indignation and contempt, and Taxil was mobbed on leaving the hall so that policemen had to escort him to a neighbouring café. He then moved away from Paris. He died in [[Sceaux]] in 1907. | + | ==The Taxil hoax== |
| + | In 1885, he professed conversion to Catholicism, was solemnly received into the church, and renounced his earlier works. In the 1890s, he wrote a series of pamphlets and books denouncing [[Freemasonry]], charging their lodges with worshiping the devil and alleging that Diana Vaughan had written for him her confessions of the Satanic "[[Palladist]]" cult. The book had great sales among Catholics, although Diana Vaughan never appeared in public. In 1892, Taxil also began to publish a paper, ''La France chrétienne anti-maçonnique (Christian Antimasonic France)'', with his staunch anti-Masonic publishing friend, [[Abel Clarin de la Rive]]. In 1887, he had an audience with [[Pope Leo XIII]], who rebuked the [[Diocese of Charleston|bishop of Charleston]] for denouncing the [[Anti-Masonry|anti-Masonic]] confessions as a fraud and, in 1896, sent his blessing to an anti-Masonic Congress of [[Trento|Trent]]. | ||
| - | ==Bibliography== | + | Doubts about Vaughan's veracity and even her existence began to grow, and finally, Taxil promised to produce her at a lecture to be delivered by him on 19 April 1897. To the amazement of the audience (which included a number of [[priest]]s), he announced that Diana was one of a series of hoaxes. He had begun, he said, by persuading the commandant of Marseille that the harbor was infested with sharks, and a ship was sent to destroy them. Next, he invented an underwater city in [[Lake Geneva]], drawing tourists and archaeologists to the spot. He thanked the bishops and Catholic newspapers for facilitating his crowning hoax, namely his conversion, which had exposed the anti-Masonic fanaticism of many Catholics. Diana Vaughan was revealed to be a simple typist in his employ, who laughingly allowed her name to be used by him. |
| - | === Selection === | + | |
| - | * [[The Amusing Gospel| The Amusing Gospel (La Vie de Jesus)]] | + | |
| - | * [[The Amusing Bible| The Amusing Bible (La Bible amusante)]] | + | |
| - | * [[Les Debauches d'un confesseur]] | + | |
| - | * [[Les Pornographes sacrés: la confession et les confesseurs]] | + | |
| - | * [[Les Maîtresses du Pape]] | + | |
| - | == Publications == | + | |
| - | [[File:Mysteres.jpg|thumb|right|''Les Mystères de la franc-maçonnerie'']] | + | |
| - | [[File:Diable-bataille.jpg|thumb|right|''Le Diable au XIX{{e}} siècle'', écrit sous le pseudonyme collectif de Dr Bataille avec [[Charles Hacks]]]] | + | |
| - | [[File:Leo.Taxil.The.Amusing.Bible.FR.Cover.png|thumb|right|[http://www.theamusingbible.com/ ''La Bible amusante 1904 (2011)'']]] | + | |
| - | Léo Taxil a fait paraître certains de ses ouvrages sous divers pseudonymes : Paul de Regis, Adolphe Ricoux, Prosper Manin, Miss Diana Vaughan, Jeanne Savarin, Carlo Sebastiano Volpi. | + | |
| - | === Ouvrages anticléricaux === | + | The audience received these revelations with indignation and contempt. Afterwards, Taxil left the hall, where policemen escorted him to a neighboring café. He then moved away from Paris. He died in [[Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine|Sceaux]] in 1907 of unknown reason. |
| - | * ''À bas la calotte !'' (1879) | + | ==Linking in as of 2022== |
| - | * ''Les Soutanes grotesques'' (1879) | + | |
| - | * ''La Chasse aux corbeaux'' (1879) | + | |
| - | * ''Le Fils du jésuite'' (1879) | + | |
| - | * ''Les Bêtises sacrées, revue critique de la superstition'', Librairie anticléricale, (1880). | + | |
| - | * ''Les Friponneries religieuses'', avec Alfred Paulon, suivies de quelques variétés anti-cléricales, Librairie nationale, (1880). | + | |
| - | * ''Plus de cafards !'', Librairie anticléricale, (1880). | + | |
| - | * ''Calotte et calotins'' (1880-1882). Histoire illustrée du clergé et des congrégations. | + | |
| - | * ''Les Borgia'' (1881) | + | |
| - | * ''Les Pornographes sacrés : la confession et les confesseurs'' (1882) | + | |
| - | * ''La Bible amusante'' (1882) | + | |
| - | * ''Un Pape femelle'' (1882) | + | |
| - | * ''L'Empoisonneur Léon XIII et les cinq millions du chanoine'' (1883) | + | |
| - | * ''La Prostitution contemporaine'' (1883) | + | |
| - | * ''Pie IX devant l'Histoire'' (1883) | + | |
| - | * ''Les Amours secrètes de Pie IX par un ancien camérier secret du pape'', Librairie anticléricale, Librairie populaire, 2 vol., Paris, (1881) | + | |
| - | * ''Les Maîtresses du Pape'', roman historique anti-clérical, Librairie anti-cléricale, (1884) | + | |
| - | * ''La Vie de Veuillot immaculé'' (1884) | + | |
| - | * ''Bibliothèque anti-cléricale'' | + | |
| - | * [http://www.theamusingbible.com/ ''La Bible amusante'', ''Édition complète de 1897-1898 donnant les citations textuelles de l'Écriture sainte et reproduisant toutes les réfutations opposées par Voltaire, Fréret, lord Bolingbroke, Toland et autres critiques''], Librairie pour tous, (1897) | + | |
| - | * ''Les Livres secrets des confesseurs dévoilés aux pères de famille'', P. Fort, (1901). | + | |
| - | === Ouvrages antimaçonniques === | + | [[Abbé Larudan]], [[Abel Clarin de la Rive]], [[Anti-Masonry]], [[Anti-religious campaign of Communist Romania]], [[Baphomet]], [[Édouard Drumont]], [[Gnosticism in modern times]], [[History of Freemasonry]], [[Ivan Shpitsberg]], [[Jules Doinel]], [[La Bible amusante]], [[List of hoaxes]], [[Lucifer]], [[Luciferianism]], [[New World Order (conspiracy theory)]], [[Nizari–Seljuk conflicts]], [[Papal ban of Freemasonry]], [[Taxil hoax]], [[The Prague Cemetery]], [[The Ragged Edge of Science]], [[Vitaliy Shishakov]], [[William Guy Carr]] |
| - | * ''Les frères trois points'', Letouzey et Ané, (1886) | + | |
| - | * [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k202630t.image.r=L%C3%A9o+Taxil+.f2.langFR ''Les Sœurs maçonnes'', sur-titré ''Révélations complètes sur la franc-maçonnerie''], Letouzey et Ané, (1886) | + | |
| - | * ''Les Mystères de la franc-maçonnerie'' (1886) | + | |
| - | * ''Le Vatican et les francs-maçons'' (1886) | + | |
| - | * ''La Franc-maçonnerie dévoilée'' (1887) | + | |
| - | * [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k371027.image.r=L%C3%A9o+Taxil+.f1.langFR ''Confession d'un ex-libre penseur''] (1887) | + | |
| - | * ''Histoire anecdotique de la Troisième République'' (1887) | + | |
| - | * ''Les assassinats maçonniques'', avec [[Paul Verdun]], Albert Savine, vers 1887; rééd. Letouzey et Ané (1890) | + | |
| - | * [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k82834m.image.r=L%C3%A9o+Taxil+.f2.langFR ''La France maçonnique, liste alphabétique des francs-maçons, 16 000 noms dévoilés''] (1888) | + | |
| - | * ''Les Admirateurs de la lune à l'Or. de Marseille'', avec Tony Gall, 1889. | + | |
| - | * ''La Ménagerie républicaine'' (1889) | + | |
| - | * [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5488522z.r=L%C3%A9o+Taxil+.langFR ''la Corruption fin de siècle''], G. Carré, (1894) | + | |
| - | * ''Y a-t-il des femmes dans la franc-maçonnerie ?'', avec [[Amand-Joseph Fava]], H. Noirot, (1891) | + | |
| - | * ''L'existence des loges de femmes affirmée par {{Mgr|Fava}} évêque de Grenoble et par Léo Taxil; recherches a ce sujet et réponse a M. Aug. Vacquerie, rédacteur du Rappel'', par Adolphe Ricoux (Léo Taxil lui-même sous pseudonyme), Paris : Téqui, [1891] | + | |
| - | * ''Le Diable au XIX{{e}} siècle'' (1895), en collaboration avec le {{Dr}} [[Charles Hacks]], médecin de Fécamp, ils écriront sous le pseudonyme collectif de Dr Bataille | + | |
| - | === Romans === | + | ==Selected books== |
| - | * ''Les Trois cocus'', P. Fort, (1900) | + | *''La Vie de Jésus (The Life of Jesus)'' (1882) |
| - | * ''La Vie de Jésus'', P. Fort, (1900) | + | *''[[La Bible amusante]] (The Amusing Bible)'' (1882) |
| + | *''Les Débauches d'un confesseur (The Debaucheries of a Confessor)'' (1884, with Karl Milo) | ||
| + | *''Les Pornographes sacrés: la confession et les confesseurs (The Holy Pornographers: Confession and Confessors)'' (1882) | ||
| + | *''Les Maîtresses du Pape (The Pope's Mistresses)'' (1884) | ||
| + | *''Le Martyre de Jeanne d'Arc'' ''(The Martyrdom of [[Joan of Arc]])'' (1890, with Paul Fesch; edition of Pierre Cauchon's manuscripts of Joan of Arc's trial) | ||
| + | * Prosper Manin. ''Marchands de chair humaine'' | ||
| - | === Essais === | + | ==See also== |
| - | * ''Les Conversions célèbres'', deuxième série, Tolra, (1891) | + | * [[Abel Clarin de la Rive]] |
| - | * ''M. Drumont, étude psychologique'', Letouzey et Ané, (1890) | + | |
| - | * ''L'Art de bien acheter, guide de la ménagère mise en garde contre les fraudes de l'alimentation, moyens pratiques de reconnaître toutes les tromperies'', écrit sous le pseudonyme de {{Mme}} Jeanne Savarin, E. Petit, (1904). | + | |
| - | * ''L'Enclave Monaco'', L'auteur, (1905) | + | |
| - | === Livres d'illustrations === | + | ==References== |
| - | * ''La Ménagerie républicaine, galerie amusante de nos petits grands hommes'', illustré par Barentin, Letouzey et Ané, (1889). | + | *''Satan Franc-Maçon: la mystification de Léo Taxil'', 1964. |
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Léo Taxil (1854 – 1907), was a French writer and journalist known for his anti-Catholic and anti-clerical views and for the Taxil hoax, a spurious exposé of Freemasonry and the Roman Catholic Church's opposition to it.
He wrotes books such as La corruption fin-de-siècle (1891).
Contents |
Early life
Marie Joseph Gabriel Antoine Jogand-Pagès was born in Marseille, and at the age of five, he was placed into a Jesuit seminary. After spending his childhood years in the seminary, he became disillusioned with the Catholic faith and began to see the religious ideology as socially harmful. He also wrote some novels under the pseudonym Prosper Manin.
La Bible amusante
Taxil first became known for writing anti-Clerical or anti-Catholic books, notably La Bible amusante (The Amusing Bible) and La Vie de Jesus (The Life of Jesus), in which Taxil satirically pointed out inconsistencies, errors, and false beliefs presented in these religious works. In his other books Les Débauches d'un confesseur (Debauchery of a Confessor, with Karl Milo), Les Pornographes sacrés: la confession et les confesseurs (Sacred Pornographs: confession and confessors), and Les Maîtresses du Pape (The Pope's Mistresses), Taxil portrays leaders of the Catholic Church as hedonistic creatures exploring their fetishes in the manner of the Marquis de Sade. In 1879, he was tried at the Seine Assizes for writing a pamphlet A Bas la Calotte ("Down with the Cloth"), which was accused of insulting a religion recognized by the state, but he was acquitted.
The Taxil hoax
In 1885, he professed conversion to Catholicism, was solemnly received into the church, and renounced his earlier works. In the 1890s, he wrote a series of pamphlets and books denouncing Freemasonry, charging their lodges with worshiping the devil and alleging that Diana Vaughan had written for him her confessions of the Satanic "Palladist" cult. The book had great sales among Catholics, although Diana Vaughan never appeared in public. In 1892, Taxil also began to publish a paper, La France chrétienne anti-maçonnique (Christian Antimasonic France), with his staunch anti-Masonic publishing friend, Abel Clarin de la Rive. In 1887, he had an audience with Pope Leo XIII, who rebuked the bishop of Charleston for denouncing the anti-Masonic confessions as a fraud and, in 1896, sent his blessing to an anti-Masonic Congress of Trent.
Doubts about Vaughan's veracity and even her existence began to grow, and finally, Taxil promised to produce her at a lecture to be delivered by him on 19 April 1897. To the amazement of the audience (which included a number of priests), he announced that Diana was one of a series of hoaxes. He had begun, he said, by persuading the commandant of Marseille that the harbor was infested with sharks, and a ship was sent to destroy them. Next, he invented an underwater city in Lake Geneva, drawing tourists and archaeologists to the spot. He thanked the bishops and Catholic newspapers for facilitating his crowning hoax, namely his conversion, which had exposed the anti-Masonic fanaticism of many Catholics. Diana Vaughan was revealed to be a simple typist in his employ, who laughingly allowed her name to be used by him.
The audience received these revelations with indignation and contempt. Afterwards, Taxil left the hall, where policemen escorted him to a neighboring café. He then moved away from Paris. He died in Sceaux in 1907 of unknown reason.
Linking in as of 2022
Abbé Larudan, Abel Clarin de la Rive, Anti-Masonry, Anti-religious campaign of Communist Romania, Baphomet, Édouard Drumont, Gnosticism in modern times, History of Freemasonry, Ivan Shpitsberg, Jules Doinel, La Bible amusante, List of hoaxes, Lucifer, Luciferianism, New World Order (conspiracy theory), Nizari–Seljuk conflicts, Papal ban of Freemasonry, Taxil hoax, The Prague Cemetery, The Ragged Edge of Science, Vitaliy Shishakov, William Guy Carr
Selected books
- La Vie de Jésus (The Life of Jesus) (1882)
- La Bible amusante (The Amusing Bible) (1882)
- Les Débauches d'un confesseur (The Debaucheries of a Confessor) (1884, with Karl Milo)
- Les Pornographes sacrés: la confession et les confesseurs (The Holy Pornographers: Confession and Confessors) (1882)
- Les Maîtresses du Pape (The Pope's Mistresses) (1884)
- Le Martyre de Jeanne d'Arc (The Martyrdom of Joan of Arc) (1890, with Paul Fesch; edition of Pierre Cauchon's manuscripts of Joan of Arc's trial)
- Prosper Manin. Marchands de chair humaine
See also
References
- Satan Franc-Maçon: la mystification de Léo Taxil, 1964.
