Johann Heinrich Keller  

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- +[[Dirk van der Aa]]
-German Knorpelwerk or Ohrmuschelstil, Dutch kwabornament. A 17th-century ornamental style based on the human ear and other [[gristly]] parts.+He was born in The Hague , and first apprenticed to Johann Heinrich Keller , and then to Gerrit Mes with whom he would later start a ...
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-Kwabornament+
-Mosyn of Amsterdam, Designs in Auricular Style, 1620+
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-The auricular style was invented in the early 17th century by Dutch silversmiths and brothers Paulus and Adam van Vianen. Paulus was inspired by anatomy lectures he attended in Prague, and both he and Adam became known for the style, which was made popular by Johannes Lutma.+
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-Christiaen van Vianen, Silver Dish in Auricular Style, 1635+
-Victoria & Albert Museum, London+
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-Auricular ornament refers to a lobe-like decoration, like a thick dripping substance apparently resembling organic shapes. The word auricular refers to the ear, in particular to the earlobes. In the 17th century auricular ornamentation was known as "[[fratsen en snaeckerijen]]" (whimsy and drollery). Auricular ornament originated in the late-16th century as a two-dimensional form in ornamental prints. During the following century it was employed as a three-dimensional decorative element in window frames and picture frames. The silversmith Paulus van Vianen (1570-1613) used it so frequently that it became his trademark. When Paulus died, his brother Adam was commissioned to make a commemorative piece. He made a ewer as one continuous auricular design, thereby raising auricular ornament to a form in its own right (Shafe).+
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-Adam van Vianen, Jar in auricular style, 1614+
-Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam+
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-Auricular describes a type of ornament popular in the 17th century, characterized by smooth, curved and rippling forms resembling the human ear. This highly plastic style evolved during the first two decades of the 17th century in Utrecht, and in its fully developed form is found only in metalwork. The style in this medium is characterized by the use of amorphous, lobate scrolls and embossed, relief ornament that emphasize the malleable nature of the metal. At its most extreme, it exaggerates this quality by suggesting that objects were modelled in a semi-molten state. The goldsmiths Adam van Vianen and Paulus van Vianen of Utrecht are often credited with the invention of the style, although its origins seem to lie in the graphic designs of such 16th-century Italian Mannerist artists as [[Giulio Romano]] (e.g. drawing for a fish-shaped ewer; Oxford, Christ Church) and [[Enea Vico]]. The latter's designs for plate were published in the mid-16th century and may have been known in Utrecht (Oxford Grove Art).+
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-The auricular style was adopted by cabinetmakers and carvers in both the Low Countries and Germany. In the Netherlands it was cultivated by [[Michel Mosyn of Amsterdam]] and Johannes Lutma; subsequently was developed in Germany by [[Friedrich Unteutsch]] and [[Johann Heinrich Keller]].+
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-Unteutsch, Knorpelwerk, 1650+
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-Applied to chair backs, frames, cupboards, and other surfaces, the gruesome, curving motifs consisting of bones, membranes, and cartilage were arranged in baroque arabesques, suggesting the ear-like lobular qualities after which the style is named.+
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-Keller, Knorpelgrotesk, 1680+
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-The flabby, fleshy forms were sometimes contorted into masks, as shown in the [[Neues Zieratenbuch]] (New Ornamentation Book) of the designer [[Friedrich Unteutsch]] of Frankfurt am Main.+
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-Knorpelwerk+
-Decorative frame in cartilaginous style+
-Germany, 17th century+
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