Jean de Bosschère
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Jean de Bosschère (1878 - 1953) was a Belgian poet, painter, art critic and book illustrator, known for such books as Jérôme Bosch et le fantastique.
Biography
Bosschère was born in Uccle, the son of Charles de Bosschere and Nancy Marie Hélène Van der Stock. In 1884 the family moved to Lier, where Jean spent a tormented childhood full of affection for his disfigured sister Marthe, described in Marthe et l'Enragé. In 1893, Jean attended the Ecole d'Horticulture in Ghent. In 1894 the family moved to Antwerp, where Jean attended the Royal Academy of Fine Arts from 1896 to 1900.
Between 1901 and 1905 he regularly visited Paris where he met writers with a passion for the occult. On March 25, 1905 he married Jeanne Fanny Alexandra Jones, from whom he was separated officially in 1923. From 1905-1914, he wrote regular articles for the magazine L'Occident and L'Art Flamand et Hollandaise. From 1907 he also wrote several monographs, especially on Flemish art. In 1909 he published his first collection of poetry, Béâle-Gryne, which he illustrated himself. The style of these illustrations, as well as his later work, was a version of Art Nouveau heavily influenced by the drawings of Aubrey Beardsley. He was also influenced by the Roman Catholic spiritual works of French poet and dramatist Paul Claudel, whom he saw lecture in 1909. Then in 1912, he was accused of Satanism in response to his first novel, Dolorine et les Ombres (1911). In 1909, he began a lifelong friendship with the Antwerp Symbolist poet Max Elskamp (of whom in 1914 he published a critical study), and in 1911 the French writer Andre Suares. Around 1912 he underwent a moral and emotional crisis, and he distanced himself from Symbolism. In 1914 he made a trip to Italy.
In 1915 when the war broke out, he fled from Belgium and went to London where he met writers such as John Gould Fletcher, Aldous Huxley and D. H. Lawrence, and Imagist poets such as Ezra Pound, TS Eliot and Richard Aldington. He met several London publishers for whom he illustrated numerous books in the '20s and '30s. Among the books he illustrated were the poems of Oscar Wilde and Charles Baudelaire, but also erotic classic authors such as Aristophanes, Ovid, Strato and Apuleius. In 1920 he moved in with his beloved Vera Anne Hamilton, but she died in January 1922. At the end of 1922 he left London with Élisabeth d'Ennetières, with whom he would stay for the rest of his life. They settled in Albano, near Rome. In the winter of 1925-26 they lived in Brussels, then from March 1926 in Paris, where he met Antonin Artaud. They also stayed regularly Solaia near Siena in Italy, where De Bosschere worked on his many novels and poetry collections.
The work of De Bosschere was marked by a persistent spiritual seeking in his life he developed a fascination with the occult, the spiritual, the obscure and the sexual. He gave himself the nickname "Satan" and "l'Obscure", which formed the title of Satan l'Obscure (1933), his second autobiographical novel after Marthe et l'Enragé.
The 30s were difficult for De Bosschere. He wrote several novels that he regarded as failures and found little illustration work due to the poor economic climate. He decided to lead a secluded life. From 1938 he lived so in La Châtre in central France. He kept a diary from 1946 titled Journal d'un Rebelle Solitaire that has remained unreleased. He also made two anthologies of most of his poetry: Derniers poèmes de l'Obscur (1948) and Héritiers de l'abime (1950).
In September 1952 he received the Prix de la Méditerranée and in November the Mandat des Poètes. A year later he died at the age of 74 in the hospital in Châteauroux. Already, following his death several works published, but is much work of this prolific writer has remained unpublished. This is kept in the Archives et Musée de la littérature in Brussels.
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