January 21  

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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
-*[[1189]] - [[Philip II of France]] and [[Richard I of England]] begin to assemble troops to wage the [[Third Crusade]]. 
-*[[1287]] - The treaty of San Agayz is signed. [[Minorca]] is conquered by King [[Alfons III of Aragon]].  
*[[1525]] - The [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[Anabaptist]] Movement is born when [[Conrad Grebel]], [[Felix Manz]], [[George Blaurock]], and about a dozen others baptize each other in the home of Manz's mother in [[Zürich]], breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union. *[[1525]] - The [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[Anabaptist]] Movement is born when [[Conrad Grebel]], [[Felix Manz]], [[George Blaurock]], and about a dozen others baptize each other in the home of Manz's mother in [[Zürich]], breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union.
-*[[1643]] - [[Abel Tasman]] discovers [[Tonga]].+*[[1789]] - The first [[American novel]], [[The Power of Sympathy|''The Power of Sympathy or the Triumph of Nature Founded in Truth'']], is printed in [[Boston, Massachusetts]].
-*[[1720]] - [[Sweden]] and [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] sign the [[Treaty of Stockholm (1720)|Treaty of Stockholm]].+
-*[[1749]] - The [[Verona Philharmonic Theatre]] burned (rebuilt 1754).+
-*[[1789]] - The first American novel, [[The Power of Sympathy|''The Power of Sympathy or the Triumph of Nature Founded in Truth'']], is printed in [[Boston, Massachusetts]].+
-*[[1793]] - After being found guilty of [[treason]] by the [[French Convention]], [[Louis XVI of France]] is [[guillotine]]d.+
-*[[1861]] - [[American Civil War]]: [[Jefferson Davis]] resigns from the [[United States Senate]].+
-*[[1864]] - The [[Tauranga Campaign]] starts during the [[Maori Wars]].+
-*[[1887]] - [[Brisbane]] receives a daily rainfall of 465 millimetres (18.3 inches), a record for any [[Australia]]n capital city.+
-*[[1893]] - The [[Tati Concessions Land]], formerly part of [[Matabeleland]], was formally annexed to the [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]] (modern [[Botswana]]).+
-*[[1899]] - [[Opel]] manufactured its first automobile .+
-*[[1907]] - The [[Kenora Thistles]] win the [[Stanley Cup]], representing the smallest town ([[Kenora, Ontario]]) ever to win [[ice hockey]]'s ultimate prize, or any major North American sports title.+
-*[[1908]] - [[New York City]] passes the Sullivan Ordinance, making it illegal for women to smoke in public, only to have the measure vetoed by the mayor.+
-*[[1911]] - The first [[Monte Carlo Rally]].+
-*[[1915]] - [[Kiwanis International]] founded in [[Detroit, Michigan]].+
-*[[1919]] - Meeting of the First [[Dáil Éireann]] in the Mansion House [[Dublin]], [[Sinn Féin]] adopts [[Ireland]]'s first constitution. The first engagement of [[Irish War of Independence]], Sologhead Beg, County Tipperary.+
-*[[1921]] - The [[Italian Communist Party]] is founded at [[Livorno]].+
-*[[1924]] - [[Vladimir Lenin]] dies and [[Joseph Stalin]] begins to purge his rivals to clear way for his leadership.+
-*[[1925]] - [[Albania]] declares itself a republic.+
-*[[1927]] - First live radio commentary of a [[football (soccer)]] match anywhere in the world- [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] vs. [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] at [[Arsenal Stadium|Highbury]]. The match ended in a 1-1 draw.+
-*[[1941]] - [[World War II]]: [[Australia]]n and [[United Kingdom|British]] forces attack [[Battle of Tobruk|Tobruk]], [[Libya]].+
-*[[1950]] - [[Alger Hiss]] is convicted of [[perjury]].+
-*[[1954]] - The first [[Nuclear marine propulsion|nuclear-powered]] [[submarine]], the [[USS Nautilus (SSN-571)|USS ''Nautilus'']], is [[Ship naming and launching|launched]] in [[Groton, Connecticut]] by [[Mamie Eisenhower]], then the [[First Lady of the United States]].+
-*[[1958]] - The last [[Fokker C.X]] in military service, the [[Finnish Air Force]] FK-111 target tower, crashed, killing the pilot and winch-operator.+
-*[[1968]] - [[Vietnam War]]: [[Battle of Khe Sanh]] - One of the most publicized and controversial battles of the war begins.+
-*[[1969]] - An experimental underground [[nuclear reactor]] at Lucens Vad, [[Switzerland]], released radiation into a cavern, which was then sealed.+
-*[[1972]] - [[Tripura]] becomes a full- fledged state in [[India]].+
-*[[1976]] - Commercial service of ''[[Concorde]]'' begins with [[Concorde#Scheduled flights|London-Bahrain and Paris-Rio]] routes.+
-*[[1977]] - [[President of the United States|President]] [[Jimmy Carter]] pardons nearly all [[United States|American]] [[Vietnam War]] draft evaders, some of whom had emigrated to [[Canada]].+
-*[[1985]] - Because [[January 20]] had fallen on a [[Sunday]], [[Ronald Reagan]]'s public inaugural ceremony (for his second term as [[President of the United States|President]]) was moved to [[Monday]], January 21. Due to bad weather, the ceremony was held indoors in the [[United States Capitol|United States Capital Rotunda]].[http://www.bartleby.com/124/pres62.html]+
-*[[1997]] - [[Newt Gingrich]] becomes the first leader of the [[United States House of Representatives]] to be internally disciplined for ethical misconduct.+
*[[1999]] - [[War on Drugs]]: In one of the largest drug busts in American history, the [[United States Coast Guard]] intercepts a ship with over 9,500 pounds (4,300 kg) of [[cocaine]] on board. *[[1999]] - [[War on Drugs]]: In one of the largest drug busts in American history, the [[United States Coast Guard]] intercepts a ship with over 9,500 pounds (4,300 kg) of [[cocaine]] on board.
-*[[2002]] - [[Canadian Dollar]] sets all-time low against the US Dollar (US$0.6179). 
-*[[2004]] - [[Canada]]: The residence of [[reporter]] [[Juliet O'Neill]] is searched by the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] (RCMP) investigating leaks concerning the deportation of [[Maher Arar]]. 
-* 2004 - [[NASA]]'s [[MER-A]] (the Mars Rover ''Spirit'') ceases communication with mission control. The problem lies with [[Flash Memory]] management and is fixed remotely from [[Earth]] on [[February 6]]. 
-*[[2005]] - In Belize's [[Belmopan|capital city]], the [[Unrest in Belize in 2005|unrest over the government's new taxes]] erupts into [[riot]]s. 
-*[[2007]] - Awashima Marine Park in Japan catches a video tape of the rare [[frilled shark]] 
== Births == == Births ==

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Radley Metzger Jeff Koons Georges Méliès Blaise Cendrars Ludwig Achim von Arnim Christian Dior Tyler Cowen Noe Ito Louis XVI of France Louis Menand Peer Raben Cecil B. DeMille Jean-Louis Trintignant Matthias Claudius Alexander Herzen George Orwell Benny Hill Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier


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