Poetry
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[[Image:The Poor Poet by Carl Spitzweg.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[The Poor Poet]]'' (1839) is a painting by [[Carl Spitzweg]]]] | [[Image:The Poor Poet by Carl Spitzweg.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[The Poor Poet]]'' (1839) is a painting by [[Carl Spitzweg]]]] | ||
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+ | '''Poetry''' (from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''[[poiesis]]'' — ποίησις — meaning a "making"; more narrowly, the making of poetry) is a form of [[literature|literary art]] which uses [[aesthetics|aesthetic]] and rhythmic qualities of [[language]]—such as [[phonaesthetics]], [[sound symbolism]], and [[metre (poetry)|metre]]—to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, the [[Prose|prosaic]] ostensible [[meaning (linguistics)|meaning]]. | ||
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+ | Poetry has a long [[history of poetry|history]], dating back to the [[Sumerian language|Sumerian]] ''[[Epic of Gilgamesh]]''. Early poems evolved from [[folk song]]s, or from a need to retell oral epics, as with the [[Sanskrit literature|Sanskrit]] ''[[Vedas]]'', [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] ''[[Gathas]]'', and the [[Homer]]ic epics, the ''[[Iliad]]'' and the ''[[Odyssey]]''. Ancient attempts to define poetry, such as [[Aristotle]]'s ''[[Poetics (Aristotle)|Poetics]]'', focused on the uses of [[Speech communication|speech]] in [[rhetoric]], [[drama]], [[song]] and [[comedy]]. Later attempts concentrated on features such as repetition, [[line (poetry)|verse form]] and [[rhyme]], and emphasized the aesthetics which distinguish poetry from more objectively-informative, [[prose|prosaic]] forms of writing. From the mid-20th century, poetry has sometimes been more generally regarded as a fundamental creative act employing language. | ||
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+ | Poetry uses forms and conventions to suggest differential interpretation to words, or to evoke emotive responses. Devices such as [[assonance]], [[alliteration]], [[onomatopoeia]] and [[rhythm]] are sometimes used to achieve [[music]]al or [[incantation|incantatory]] effects. The use of [[ambiguity]], [[symbol]]ism, [[irony]] and other [[stylistics (linguistics)|stylistic]] elements of [[poetic diction]] often leaves a poem open to multiple interpretations. Similarly, [[metaphor]], [[simile]] and [[metonymy]] create a resonance between otherwise disparate images—a layering of meanings, forming connections previously not perceived. Kindred forms of resonance may exist, between individual [[Verse (poetry)|verse]]s, in their patterns of rhyme or rhythm. | ||
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+ | Some poetry types are specific to particular [[culture]]s and [[genre]]s and respond to characteristics of the language in which the poet writes. Readers accustomed to identifying poetry with [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]], [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]], [[Adam Mickiewicz|Mickiewicz]] and [[Rumi]] may think of it as written in [[Line (poetry)|lines]] based on [[rhyme]] and regular [[meter (poetry)|meter]]; there are, however, traditions, such as [[Biblical poetry]], that use other means to create rhythm and [[euphony]]. Much modern poetry reflects a critique of poetic tradition, In today's increasingly [[globalization|globalized]] world, poets often adapt forms, styles and techniques from diverse cultures and languages. | ||
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+ | ==See also== | ||
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- | '''Poetry''' (from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''[[poiesis]]'' — ποίησις — meaning a "making"; more narrowly, the making of poetry) is a form of [[literature|literary art]] which uses [[aesthetics|aesthetic]] and rhythmic qualities of [[language]]—such as [[phonaesthetics]], [[sound symbolism]], and [[metre (poetry)|metre]]—to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, the [[Prose|prosaic]] ostensible [[meaning (linguistics)|meaning]]. | ||
- | |||
- | Poetry has a long [[history of poetry|history]], dating back to the [[Sumerian language|Sumerian]] ''[[Epic of Gilgamesh]]''. Early poems evolved from [[folk song]]s, or from a need to retell oral epics, as with the [[Sanskrit literature|Sanskrit]] ''[[Vedas]]'', [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] ''[[Gathas]]'', and the [[Homer]]ic epics, the ''[[Iliad]]'' and the ''[[Odyssey]]''. Ancient attempts to define poetry, such as [[Aristotle]]'s ''[[Poetics (Aristotle)|Poetics]]'', focused on the uses of [[Speech communication|speech]] in [[rhetoric]], [[drama]], [[song]] and [[comedy]]. Later attempts concentrated on features such as repetition, [[line (poetry)|verse form]] and [[rhyme]], and emphasized the aesthetics which distinguish poetry from more objectively-informative, [[prose|prosaic]] forms of writing. From the mid-20th century, poetry has sometimes been more generally regarded as a fundamental creative act employing language. | ||
- | |||
- | Poetry uses forms and conventions to suggest differential interpretation to words, or to evoke emotive responses. Devices such as [[assonance]], [[alliteration]], [[onomatopoeia]] and [[rhythm]] are sometimes used to achieve [[music]]al or [[incantation|incantatory]] effects. The use of [[ambiguity]], [[symbol]]ism, [[irony]] and other [[stylistics (linguistics)|stylistic]] elements of [[poetic diction]] often leaves a poem open to multiple interpretations. Similarly, [[metaphor]], [[simile]] and [[metonymy]] create a resonance between otherwise disparate images—a layering of meanings, forming connections previously not perceived. Kindred forms of resonance may exist, between individual [[Verse (poetry)|verse]]s, in their patterns of rhyme or rhythm. | ||
- | |||
- | Some poetry types are specific to particular [[culture]]s and [[genre]]s and respond to characteristics of the language in which the poet writes. Readers accustomed to identifying poetry with [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]], [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]], [[Adam Mickiewicz|Mickiewicz]] and [[Rumi]] may think of it as written in [[Line (poetry)|lines]] based on [[rhyme]] and regular [[meter (poetry)|meter]]; there are, however, traditions, such as [[Biblical poetry]], that use other means to create rhythm and [[euphony]]. Much modern poetry reflects a critique of poetic tradition, In today's increasingly [[globalization|globalized]] world, poets often adapt forms, styles and techniques from diverse cultures and languages. | ||
- | |||
- | ==See also== | ||
*[[Ut pictura poesis]] | *[[Ut pictura poesis]] | ||
*[[Concrete poetry]] | *[[Concrete poetry]] |
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Poetry (from the Greek poiesis — ποίησις — meaning a "making"; more narrowly, the making of poetry) is a form of literary art which uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language—such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre—to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, the prosaic ostensible meaning.
Poetry has a long history, dating back to the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh. Early poems evolved from folk songs, or from a need to retell oral epics, as with the Sanskrit Vedas, Zoroastrian Gathas, and the Homeric epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey. Ancient attempts to define poetry, such as Aristotle's Poetics, focused on the uses of speech in rhetoric, drama, song and comedy. Later attempts concentrated on features such as repetition, verse form and rhyme, and emphasized the aesthetics which distinguish poetry from more objectively-informative, prosaic forms of writing. From the mid-20th century, poetry has sometimes been more generally regarded as a fundamental creative act employing language.
Poetry uses forms and conventions to suggest differential interpretation to words, or to evoke emotive responses. Devices such as assonance, alliteration, onomatopoeia and rhythm are sometimes used to achieve musical or incantatory effects. The use of ambiguity, symbolism, irony and other stylistic elements of poetic diction often leaves a poem open to multiple interpretations. Similarly, metaphor, simile and metonymy create a resonance between otherwise disparate images—a layering of meanings, forming connections previously not perceived. Kindred forms of resonance may exist, between individual verses, in their patterns of rhyme or rhythm.
Some poetry types are specific to particular cultures and genres and respond to characteristics of the language in which the poet writes. Readers accustomed to identifying poetry with Dante, Goethe, Mickiewicz and Rumi may think of it as written in lines based on rhyme and regular meter; there are, however, traditions, such as Biblical poetry, that use other means to create rhythm and euphony. Much modern poetry reflects a critique of poetic tradition, In today's increasingly globalized world, poets often adapt forms, styles and techniques from diverse cultures and languages.
See also
| the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain | — Edgar Allan Poe, "The Raven" |
| And murmuring of innumerable bees | — Alfred Lord Tennyson, The Princess VII.203 |
- Ut pictura poesis
- Concrete poetry
- Cult poetry
- Love poetry
- Jazz poetry
- Juxtapoetry
- Prose poetry
- Theory of poetry