Index (typography)
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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The symbol ☞ is a punctuation mark, called an index, manicule (from the Latin root 'manus' for 'hand') or fist. Though rare today, this symbol was in common use between the 12th and 18th centuries in the margins of books, and was formerly included in lists of standard punctuation marks. Its typical use is as a bullet-like symbol to direct the reader’s attention to important text, having roughly the same meaning as the word “attention” or “note”. Some encyclopedias use it in articles to cross-reference, as in Template:Unicode other articles. It occasionally sees use in magazines and comic books to indicate to the reader that a story on the right-hand page continues onto the next.
It primarily fell out of favor because its complex design made it unfit for handwriting, and its wide size made it difficult to fit on a typewriter or on early, low-resolution, monospaced computer fonts. It was therefore not included in ASCII. It was, however, added to Unicode.
Other names for the symbol include printer's fist, bishop's fist, digit, mutton-fist and pointing hand (see Sherman, p. 10).
In literature
American science fiction writer Kurt Vonnegut used the symbol as a form of margin on the first line of every paragraph in his novel Breakfast Of Champions. The literary effect of this was to create separation between each paragraph, reinforcing the stream of consciousness style of the text.
Thomas Pynchon parodies this punctuation mark in his novel Gravity's Rainbow by depicting a middle finger, rather than an index finger, pointing at a line of text.
Other uses
In linguistics, the symbol is often used in Optimality Theoretic tableaux to identify the winner in a candidate set.
The mark is sometimes used in web designs to indicate an active or selected hyper link.
Many video games made in the 1980s and '90s, primarily text-based adventure games, use the symbol as a cursor.
Unicode
There are ten index symbols in Unicode.
In addition, the dingbat font Wingdings 2, found in all versions of Microsoft Windows since Windows 95, includes 16 forms of the index, and the original Wingdings font features four others (resembling the white Unicode indices).
