Dance music

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Josephine Baker dancing the charleston at the Folies Bergère in Paris for La Revue nègre in 1926. Notice the art deco background.
(Photo by Walery)

"Buffalo Gals" (c. 1840), covered by Malcolm McLaren on his 1983 album Duck Rock, which mixed up influences from Africa and America, including hip-hop. The album proved to be highly influential in bringing hip-hop to a wider audience in the UK. Two of the singles from the album ("Buffalo Gals" and "Double Dutch") became major chart hits on both sides of the Atlantic.

Generic Salsoul twelve inch sleeve (1970s)

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20th century dance music, pre-20th century dance music

Dance music is music composed or played specifically to facilitate or accompany dancing. It can be either a whole musical piece or part of a larger musical arrangement. From a genre-theoretical point of view, it is a body genre.

 '''Dance music''' is [[music]] composed or played specifically to facilitate or accompany [[dance|dancing]]. It can be either a whole musical piece or part of a larger musical arrangement. From a [[genre-theoretical]] point of view, it is a [[body genre]].
-==Origins==
-Folk dance music is music accompanying [[Folk dance|traditional dance]] and may be contrasted with historical/classical, and popular/commercial dance music. An example of folk dance music in the United States is the [[old-time music]] played at [[square dance]]s and [[contra dance]]s. Brazilian dance music includes [[Samba]], [[Pagode]], and [[Forró]].
-==Historical dance music==
-While there exist attestations of the combination of dance and music in ancient times (for example [[Pottery of Ancient Greece|Ancient Greek vases]] sometimes show dancers accompanied by musicians), the earliest Western dance music that we can still play with a degree of certainty are the surviving [[medieval dance|medieval dances]] such as [[Carol (music)|carols]] and the [[Estampie]]. The earliest of these surviving dances are almost as old as Western staff-based [[music notation]].
-===By period===
-The [[Renaissance dance]] music was written for instruments such as the [[lute]], [[viol]], [[tabor]], [[pipe (material)|pipe]], and the [[sackbut]].
-In the [[Baroque music|Baroque]] period, the major dance styles were [[noble court]] dances (see [[Baroque dance]]). Examples of dances include the [[courante|French courante]], [[sarabande]], [[minuet]] and [[gigue]]. Collections of dances were often collected together as [[suite|dance suites]].
-In the [[Classical music era]], the minuet was frequently used as a third [[movement (music)|movement]] in four-movement non-vocal works such as [[sonata (music)|sonatas]], [[string quartet]]s, and [[symphony|symphonies]], although in this context it would not accompany any dancing. The [[waltz]] also arose later in the Classical era, as the minuet evolved into the [[scherzo]] (literally, "joke"; a faster-paced minuet).
-Both remained part of the [[Romantic music]] period, which also saw the rise of various other nationalistic dance forms like the [[barcarolle]], [[mazurka]], and [[polonaise]]. Also in the Romantic music era, the growth and development of [[ballet]] extended the composition of dance music to a new height. Frequently dance music was a part of [[Opera]].
-==Popular dance music==
-Modern popular dance music initially emerged from late 19th century's Western [[Ballroom dance|ballroom]] and [[social dance]] music.
-===By genre===
-Dance music works often bear the name of the corresponding dance, e.g. [[waltz]]es, the [[Tango music|tango]], the [[bolero]], the [[can-can]], [[minuet]]s, [[salsa music|salsa]], various kinds of [[jig]]s and the [[breakdown (music)|breakdown]]. Other dance forms include [[contradance]], the [[merengue (music)|merengue]] (Dominican Republic), and the [[Cha-cha-cha (dance)|cha-cha-cha]]. Often it is difficult to know whether the name of the music came first or the name of the dance.
-[[Ballad]]s are commonly chosen for [[slow-dance]] routines. However ballads have been commonly deemed as the opposite of dance music in terms of their tempo. Originally, the ballad was a type of dance as well (hence the name "ballad," from the same root as "[[ballroom]]" and "[[ballet]]"). Ballads are still danced on the [[Faeroe]] Islands.
-====Dansband====
-"Dansband" ("Dance band") is a term in [[Swedish language|Swedish]] for bands who play a kind of [[popular music]], "dansbandsmusik" ("Dance band music"), to [[partner dance]] to. These terms came into use around 1970, and before that, many of the bands were classified as "[[pop music|pop groups]]". This type of music is mostly popular in the [[Nordic countries]].
-====Electronic====
-By 1981, a new form of electronic dance music was developing. This music, made using electronics, is a style of [[popular music]] commonly played in dance music [[nightclub]]s, [[radio station]]s, [[concert|shows]] and [[rave]]s. During its gradual decline in the late 1970s, disco became influenced by computerization. [[Music loop|Looping]], [[sampling (music)|sampling]] and [[segue|seguing]] as found in disco continued to be used as creative techniques within [[Trance music]], [[Techno music]], and [[House music]].
-Electronic dance music experienced a boom after the proliferation of [[personal computer]]s in the 1980s, manifest in the dance element of [[Tony Wilson]]'s [[Haçienda]] scene (in Manchester) and London clubs like Delirium,The Trip, and Shoom. The scene rapidly expanded to the Summer Of Love in [[Ibiza]], which became the European capital of house and trance. Clubs like [[Sundissential]] and [[Manumission]] became household names with British, German and Italian tourists.
-Many music genres that made use of electronic instruments developed into contemporary styles mainly due to the [[MIDI]] protocol, which enabled computers, synthesizers, [[sound card]]s, samplers, and drum machines to interact with each other and achieve the full synchronization of sounds. Electronic dance music is typically composed using [[computers]] and [[synthesizers]], and rarely has any physical [[musical instrument|instruments]]. Instead, this is replaced by [[digital]] or [[electronic musical instrument|electronic]] sounds, with a 4/4 beat. Dance music typically ranges from 120bpm, up to 200bpm (Hip Hop in comparison usually plays at a speed of 80 to 100bpm), with [[techno]], [[trance music|trance]], and [[house music|house]] being the most widespread. Many producers of this kind of music however, such as [[Darren Tate]] and [[MJ Cole]], were trained in classical music before they moved into the electronic medium.
-Associated with dance music are usually commercial tracks that may not easily be categorized, such as "[[The Power (1990 song)|The Power]]" by [[Snap!]], "[[Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)]]" by [[C+C Music Factory]], and the Beatmaster's "Rok Da House" but the term "dance music" is applied to many forms of electronic music, both commercial and non commercial.
-Some of the most popular upbeat genres includes [[house music|House]], [[Techno]], [[Drum and bass|Drum & Bass]], [[Oldschool jungle|Jungle]], [[Hardcore techno|Hardcore]], [[Electronica]], [[Industrial music|Industrial]], [[Breakbeat]], [[Trance music|Trance]], [[Psychedelic trance|Psychedelic Trance]], [[UK Garage]], and [[Electro music|Electro]]. There are also much slower styles, such as [[Downtempo]], [[Chill out music|Chillout]] and [[Nu jazz|Nu Jazz]].
-Many sub-genres of electronic dance music have evolved. Sub-genres of [[House music|House]] include [[Acid house|Acid House]], [[Hard house|Hard House]], [[Funky house|Funky House]], [[Deep house|Deep House]], [[Tribal house|Tribal House]], [[Dark house|Dark House]], [[Hip house|Hip House]], [[Tech house|Tech House]] and [[US garage|US Garage]]. Sub-genres of [[Drum and bass|Drum & Bass]] include [[Techstep|Tech Step]], [[Hardstep|Hard Step]], [[Jump-Up|Jump Up]], [[Intelligent drum and bass|Intelligent D&B/Atmospheric D&B]], [[Liquid funk|Liquid Funk]], [[Sambass]], [[Drumfunk|Drum Funk]], [[Neurofunk|Neuro Funk]] and [[Ragga jungle|Ragga Jungle]]. Sub-genres of other styles include [[Progressive breaks|Progressive Breaks]], [[Rave breaks|Rave Breaks]], [[Booty bass|Booty Bass]], [[Goa trance|Goa Trance]], [[Euro-trance|Euro Trance]], [[Hard trance|Hard Trance]], [[Hardstyle]], [[minimal techno|Minimal Techno]], [[Gabber|Gabber Techno]], [[Breakcore]], [[Broken beat|Broken Beat]], [[Trip hop|Trip Hop]], [[Folktronica]] and [[Glitch]]. [[Speed garage|Speed Garage]], [[Breakstep]], [[Bassline house|Bassline]], [[Grime music|Grime]] and the [[Reggae]]-inspired [[Dubstep]] are all sub-genres of [[UK Garage]].
-===By decade===
-====1900s-1910s====
-During the early 20th century, [[Ballroom dancing]] gained popularity among the [[working class]] who attended public [[dance hall]]s.
-====1920s====
-Dance music became enormously popular during the 1920s. Nightclubs were frequented by large numbers of people at which a form of [[jazz]], which was characterized by fancy orchestras with strings instruments and complex arrangements, became the standard music at clubs. A particularly popular dance was the [[fox-trot]]. At the time this music was simply called jazz, although today people refer to it as "white jazz" or [[big band]].
-====1930s-1940s====
-''Genres'': [[Swing music]]
-====1950s====
-''Genres'': [[Rock and Roll]]
-====1960s====
-The late 1960s saw the rise of [[Soul music|soul]] and [[R&B]] music which used lavish orchestral arrangements.
-''Genres'': [[Funk]], [[Motown]], [[R&B]]
-====1970s====
-It was with the rise of [[disco]] in the early 1970s that dance music once again became popular with the public. Disco was characterized by the use of real orchestral instruments, such as strings, which had largely been abandoned during the 1950s because of rock music. In contrast to the 1920s, however, the use of live orchestras in night clubs was extremely rare due to its expense. [[Disc jockey]]s (commonly known as DJs) played recorded music at these new clubs. The disco craze reached its peaked in the late 1970s when the word disco became synonymous with "dance music" and nightclubs were referred to as discos. The year 1980 was characterized by a lack of dance music as artists rushed on the rock bandwagon in an attempt to continue their careers.{{Fact|date=January 2008}}
-''Other genres'': [[Funk]]
-====1980s====
-''Genres'': [[New Wave music|New Wave]], [[Synthpop]], [[Funk]], [[Hip Hop]], [[House music|House]], [[Acid House]], [[Techno]], [[Rave]], [[Freestyle]], [[Electro music|Electro]], [[Eurodisco]], [[Italo Disco]], [[Hi-NRG]]
-====1990s====
-''Genres'': [[Eurodance]], [[Euro House]], [[Progressive House]], [[Techno]], [[Trance Music]], [[New Jack Swing]], [[Drum & Bass]], [[UK Garage]]
-====2000s====
-''Genres'': [[Hip Hop]], [[Electropop]], [[Snap Music]], [[Crunk]], [[Dance Punk]], [[Nu-Disco]], [[Electro House]]
-==Radio formats==
-The [[Hot Dance Airplay]] chart tracks the most popular tracks played by radio stations using a "dance music" [[List of music radio formats|format]]. Dance music is also part of the mix of related formats, such as [[rhythmic adult contemporary]] and [[rhythmic contemporary]].
-==Dance clubs==
-The [[Hot Dance Club Play]] chart tracks which songs are currently most popular in [[nightclub]]s.
 ==See also==

Dance music

From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

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