Gryllus
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| + | [[Image:Gryllus by Bosch from the Vienna Last Judgment.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''[[Gryllus]]'' detail from the bottom of the central panel of [[The Last Judgment (Bosch triptych)|Bosch's Last Judgment in Vienna]].]] | ||
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| + | Gryllus: "Let us begin with the [[virtues]], which, we note, inspire you with pride ; for you rate yourselves as far superior to [[animals]] in justice and wisdom and courage and all the rest of them."--"[[Beasts Are Rational]]" by Plutarch | ||
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| - | '''''Gryllus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[cricket (insect)|cricket]]s. Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured . Species are usually recognised by their [[Biological life cycle|life histories]] and by their [[animal song|song]] . | + | '''''Gryllus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[cricket (insect)|cricket]]s. |
| - | ==In mythology== | + | |
| - | Gryllus means pig in Greek but cricket in Latin. (Marina Warner, ''[[Monsters of Our Own Making]]''). | + | ==In mythology and in visual culture== |
| + | ''Gryllus'' (plural ''grylli'') is pig in Greek and cricket in Latin. (Marina Warner, ''Monsters of Our Own Making''). | ||
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| + | In Plutarch's ''[[Moralia]]'', Gryllus is one of [[Circe]]'s victims who preferred to stay a pig after his transformation. This episode is known as "[[Ulysses and Gryllus]]". [[Lorenzo Valla]], [[Michel de Montaigne]] and many others commented upon this episode, see [[Circe_in_the_arts#Reasoning_beasts|"reasoning beasts"]]. | ||
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| + | Another ancient writer who mentions ''gryllus'' is [[Pliny the Elder]] in his ''Natural History''. He uses the word ''[[gryllus]]'' for a class of [[grotesque]] figures first used in painting by [[Antiphilus]] of Alexandria: "he painted a figure in a ridiculous costume, known jocosely as the Gryllus; and hence it is that pictures of this class are generally known as "Grylli." | ||
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| + | The history of the grylli has received its most in-depth study in Marina Warner's ''[[Monsters of Our Own Making]]''. In another of Warner's books, ''[[No Go the Bogeyman]]'', illustrations of ''grylli'' are depicted throughout the book, taken from ''[[Les Heures de Thérouanne]]'', a thirteenth century manuscript, drawn by hand in ''[[Le moyen âge fantastique]]'' by [[Jurgis Baltrušaitis (son) |Jurgis Baltrusaitis]] (Paris, 1955).[https://prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturers/warner/] | ||
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| + | The book ''[[Images, Texts, and Marginalia in a "Vows of the Peacock"]]'' by Domenic Leo gives a taxonomic vocabulary of hybrids in which the ''gryllus'' is one element: | ||
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| + | :"I am using terminology proposed by [[Lucy Freeman Sandler|Sandler]], “Reflections on the Construction of Hybrids,” and [[Jurgis Baltrušaitis (son)|Jurgis Baltrušaitis]], ''[[Le moyen âge fantastique]]''. The rudimentary taxonomic vocabulary for hybrids is as follows: ''bifurcated'' (head as center with two bodies), ''gryllus'' (body with no torso: head replaces genitals), ''pushmepullu'' (one body with a head emerging from each side), and ''composite'' (hybrids created from multiple parts)." | ||
| + | ==In [[Pliny the Elder]]== | ||
| + | :"idem iocoso nomine Gryllym deridiculi habitus pinxit, unde id genus pictura grylli vocantur." | ||
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| + | English: | ||
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| + | :"he painted a figure in a ridiculous costume, known [[jocose]]ly as the [[Gryllus]]; and hence it is that pictures of this class are generally known as "Grylli." | ||
| - | In Plutarch's ''[[Moralia]]'' it was one of Circe's victims who preferred to stay a pig after his transformation. Both [[Valla]] and [[Montaigne]] commented upon this episode. | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| + | *[[Gryllus]] detail from [[Bosch]]'s ''[[Triptych of the Temptation of St. Anthony ]]'' [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jheronimus_Bosch_The_Temptation_of_Saint_Anthony_(detail).jpg] | ||
| + | *[[Grotesque art]] | ||
| *[[Ulysses and Gryllus]], a dialogue found in Plutarch's ''Moralia'' | *[[Ulysses and Gryllus]], a dialogue found in Plutarch's ''Moralia'' | ||
| *[[The_Lewis_Collection_of_Gems_and_Rings_in_the_Possession_of_Corpus_Christi#Excerpt_on_grylli|Excerpt on ''grylli'' in the ''The Lewis Collection of Gems and Rings in the Possession of Corpus Christi'']] | *[[The_Lewis_Collection_of_Gems_and_Rings_in_the_Possession_of_Corpus_Christi#Excerpt_on_grylli|Excerpt on ''grylli'' in the ''The Lewis Collection of Gems and Rings in the Possession of Corpus Christi'']] | ||
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Current revision
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Gryllus: "Let us begin with the virtues, which, we note, inspire you with pride ; for you rate yourselves as far superior to animals in justice and wisdom and courage and all the rest of them."--"Beasts Are Rational" by Plutarch |
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Gryllus is a genus of crickets.
In mythology and in visual culture
Gryllus (plural grylli) is pig in Greek and cricket in Latin. (Marina Warner, Monsters of Our Own Making).
In Plutarch's Moralia, Gryllus is one of Circe's victims who preferred to stay a pig after his transformation. This episode is known as "Ulysses and Gryllus". Lorenzo Valla, Michel de Montaigne and many others commented upon this episode, see "reasoning beasts".
Another ancient writer who mentions gryllus is Pliny the Elder in his Natural History. He uses the word gryllus for a class of grotesque figures first used in painting by Antiphilus of Alexandria: "he painted a figure in a ridiculous costume, known jocosely as the Gryllus; and hence it is that pictures of this class are generally known as "Grylli."
The history of the grylli has received its most in-depth study in Marina Warner's Monsters of Our Own Making. In another of Warner's books, No Go the Bogeyman, illustrations of grylli are depicted throughout the book, taken from Les Heures de Thérouanne, a thirteenth century manuscript, drawn by hand in Le moyen âge fantastique by Jurgis Baltrusaitis (Paris, 1955).[1]
The book Images, Texts, and Marginalia in a "Vows of the Peacock" by Domenic Leo gives a taxonomic vocabulary of hybrids in which the gryllus is one element:
- "I am using terminology proposed by Sandler, “Reflections on the Construction of Hybrids,” and Jurgis Baltrušaitis, Le moyen âge fantastique. The rudimentary taxonomic vocabulary for hybrids is as follows: bifurcated (head as center with two bodies), gryllus (body with no torso: head replaces genitals), pushmepullu (one body with a head emerging from each side), and composite (hybrids created from multiple parts)."
In Pliny the Elder
- "idem iocoso nomine Gryllym deridiculi habitus pinxit, unde id genus pictura grylli vocantur."
English:
- "he painted a figure in a ridiculous costume, known jocosely as the Gryllus; and hence it is that pictures of this class are generally known as "Grylli."
See also
- Gryllus detail from Bosch's Triptych of the Temptation of St. Anthony [2]
- Grotesque art
- Ulysses and Gryllus, a dialogue found in Plutarch's Moralia
- Excerpt on grylli in the The Lewis Collection of Gems and Rings in the Possession of Corpus Christi
![[2]](http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jheronimus_Bosch_The_Temptation_of_Saint_Anthony_(detail).jpg){kind=link}