French campaign in Egypt and Syria
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| - | As early as [[Napoleon's campaigns into Egypt]], the [[Orientalism|Orient]] fascinated Europe. | + | :''As early as [[Napoleon's campaigns into Egypt]], the [[Orientalism|Orient]] fascinated Europe'' |
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| + | The '''Egyptian Campaign''' (1798–1801) was [[Napoleon Bonaparte]]'s unsuccessful campaign in [[Egypt]] and [[Syria]] to protect [[France |French]] trade interests and undermine [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Britain]]'s access to [[India]]. Despite several victories and an expedition into Syria, Napoleon and his ''[[Armée d'Orient (1798)|Armée d'Orient]]'' were eventually forced to withdraw by local hostility, British naval power, A newly reformed Ottoman army ([[Nizam-ı Cedid]]) and politics in Paris. | ||
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| + | In addition to its significance in the wider [[French Revolutionary Wars]], the campaign had a powerful impact on the Ottoman Empire in general and the [[Arab world]] in particular. The invasion demonstrated the military, technological, and organizational superiority of the Western European powers to the Middle East, leading to profound social changes in the region. The invasion introduced Western inventions, such as the [[printing press]], and ideas, such as incipient [[nationalism]], to the Middle East, eventually leading to the establishment of Egyptian independence and modernization under [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]] in the first half of the 19th century and eventually the [[Al-Nahda|Nahda]], or Arab Renaissance. To [[modernism|modernist historian]]s, French arrival marks the start of the modern [[Middle East]]. | ||
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| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | * [[Crusader invasions of Egypt]] — 1154–1169 | ||
| + | * [[Italian invasion of Egypt]] — 1940 | ||
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Revision as of 19:55, 1 March 2010
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- As early as Napoleon's campaigns into Egypt, the Orient fascinated Europe
The Egyptian Campaign (1798–1801) was Napoleon Bonaparte's unsuccessful campaign in Egypt and Syria to protect French trade interests and undermine Britain's access to India. Despite several victories and an expedition into Syria, Napoleon and his Armée d'Orient were eventually forced to withdraw by local hostility, British naval power, A newly reformed Ottoman army (Nizam-ı Cedid) and politics in Paris.
In addition to its significance in the wider French Revolutionary Wars, the campaign had a powerful impact on the Ottoman Empire in general and the Arab world in particular. The invasion demonstrated the military, technological, and organizational superiority of the Western European powers to the Middle East, leading to profound social changes in the region. The invasion introduced Western inventions, such as the printing press, and ideas, such as incipient nationalism, to the Middle East, eventually leading to the establishment of Egyptian independence and modernization under Muhammad Ali Pasha in the first half of the 19th century and eventually the Nahda, or Arab Renaissance. To modernist historians, French arrival marks the start of the modern Middle East.
See also
- Crusader invasions of Egypt — 1154–1169
- Italian invasion of Egypt — 1940
