Francis Galton
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- | Sir '''Francis Galton''' [[Fellow of the Royal Society|F.R.S.]] ([[16 February]] [[1822]] – [[17 January]] [[1911]]), [[Cousin#Half_cousins|half-cousin]] of [[Charles Darwin]], was an [[England|English]] [[Victorian era|Victorian]] [[polymath]], [[anthropologist]], [[Eugenics|eugenicist]], tropical [[List of explorers|explorer]], [[geographer]], [[inventor]], [[meteorologist]], proto-[[geneticist]], [[Psychometrics|psychometrician]], and [[statistician]]. He was knighted in 1909. | + | Sir '''Francis Galton''' [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] (16 February 1822 – 17 January 1911), cousin of [[Sir Douglas Galton]], half-cousin of [[Charles Darwin]], was an [[England|English]] [[Victorian era|Victorian]] [[polymath]], [[anthropologist]], [[Eugenics|eugenicist]], tropical [[List of explorers|explorer]], [[geographer]], [[inventor]], [[meteorologist]], proto-[[geneticist]], [[Psychometrics|psychometrician]], and [[statistician]]. He was knighted in 1909. |
- | Galton had a prolific intellect, and produced over 340 papers and books throughout his lifetime. He also created the statistical concept of [[correlation]] and widely promoted [[regression toward the mean]]. He was the first to apply statistical methods to the study of human differences and [[inheritance of intelligence]], and introduced the use of [[questionnaires]] and [[Statistical survey|survey]]s for collecting data on human communities, which he needed for genealogical and biographical works and for his [[anthropometrics|anthropometric]] studies. He was a pioneer in [[eugenics]], coining the very term itself and the phrase "nature versus nurture". As an investigator of the human mind, he founded [[psychometrics]] (the science of measuring mental faculties) and [[differential psychology]]. He devised a method for classifying [[fingerprint]]s that proved useful in [[forensic science]]. As the initiator of scientific [[meteorology]], he devised the first [[weather map]], proposed a theory of [[anticyclone]]s, and was the first to establish a complete record of short-term climatic phenomena on a European scale. He also invented the Galton Whistle for testing differential hearing ability. | + | Galton had a prolific intellect, and produced over 340 papers and books throughout his lifetime. He also created the statistical concept of [[correlation]] and widely promoted [[regression toward the mean]]. He was the first to apply statistical methods to the study of human differences and [[inheritance of intelligence]], and introduced the use of [[questionnaires]] and [[Statistical survey|survey]]s for collecting data on human communities, which he needed for genealogical and biographical works and for his [[anthropometrics|anthropometric]] studies. |
+ | He was a pioneer in [[eugenics]], coining the term itself and the phrase "[[nature versus nurture]]". His book, ''[[Hereditary Genius]]'' (1869), was the first social scientific attempt to study [[genius]] and [[greatness]]. As an investigator of the human mind, he founded [[psychometrics]] (the science of measuring mental faculties) and [[differential psychology]]. He devised a method for classifying [[fingerprint]]s that proved useful in [[forensic science]]. | ||
+ | As the initiator of scientific [[meteorology]], he devised the first [[weather map]], proposed a theory of [[anticyclone]]s, and was the first to establish a complete record of short-term climatic phenomena on a European scale. He also invented the [[Dog whistle|Galton Whistle]] for testing differential hearing ability. | ||
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+ | ==See also== | ||
+ | * ''[[A Large Attendance In The Antechamber]]'', a play about Galton | ||
+ | * [[Darwin — Wedgwood family]] Darwin, Wedgwood and Galton's family tree | ||
+ | * [[Efficacy of prayer]] | ||
+ | * [[Historiometry]] | ||
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Sir Francis Galton FRS (16 February 1822 – 17 January 1911), cousin of Sir Douglas Galton, half-cousin of Charles Darwin, was an English Victorian polymath, anthropologist, eugenicist, tropical explorer, geographer, inventor, meteorologist, proto-geneticist, psychometrician, and statistician. He was knighted in 1909.
Galton had a prolific intellect, and produced over 340 papers and books throughout his lifetime. He also created the statistical concept of correlation and widely promoted regression toward the mean. He was the first to apply statistical methods to the study of human differences and inheritance of intelligence, and introduced the use of questionnaires and surveys for collecting data on human communities, which he needed for genealogical and biographical works and for his anthropometric studies.
He was a pioneer in eugenics, coining the term itself and the phrase "nature versus nurture". His book, Hereditary Genius (1869), was the first social scientific attempt to study genius and greatness. As an investigator of the human mind, he founded psychometrics (the science of measuring mental faculties) and differential psychology. He devised a method for classifying fingerprints that proved useful in forensic science.
As the initiator of scientific meteorology, he devised the first weather map, proposed a theory of anticyclones, and was the first to establish a complete record of short-term climatic phenomena on a European scale. He also invented the Galton Whistle for testing differential hearing ability.
See also
- A Large Attendance In The Antechamber, a play about Galton
- Darwin — Wedgwood family Darwin, Wedgwood and Galton's family tree
- Efficacy of prayer
- Historiometry