François de La Mothe Le Vayer
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François de La Mothe Le Vayer (1588, Paris - May 9 1672), was a French writer. He was admitted to the French Academy in 1639, and was the tutor of Louis XIV. Modest, sceptical, and occasionally obscene in his Latin pieces and in his verses, he made himself a persona grata at the French court, where libertinism in ideas and morals was hailed with relish. Besides his educational works, he wrote Jugement sur les anciens et principaux historiens grecs et latins (1646); a treatise entitled Du peu de certitude qu'il y a en histoire (1668), which in a sense marks the beginning of historical criticism in France; and sceptical Dialogues, published posthumously under the pseudonym of Orasius Tubero.
Biography
Born in Paris of a noble family of Maine. His father was an avocat at the parlement of Paris and author of a curious treatise on the functions of ambassadors, entitled Legatus, seu De legatorum primlegiis, officio et munere libellus (1579) and illustrated mainly from ancient history. Francois succeeded his father at the parlement, but gave up his post about 1647 and devoted himself to travel and belles lettres.
His Considérations sur l'éloquence française (1638) procured him admission to the Académie française, and his De l'instruction de Mgr. le Dauphin (1640) attracted the attention of Richelieu. In 1649 Anne of Austria entrusted him with the education of her second son and subsequently with the completion of Louis XIV's education, which had been very much neglected. The outcome of his pedagogic labors was a series of books comprising the Géographie, Rhétorique, Morale, Economique, Politique, Logique, and Physique du prince (1651-1658). The king rewarded his tutor by appointing him historiographer of France and councillor of state. La Mothe Le Vayer inherited of Marie de Gournay's library, itself transmitted from Michel de Montaigne. La Mothe Le Vayer died in Paris.
Études critiques
- Sylvia Giocanti, Penser l’irrésolution. Montaigne, Pascal, La Mothe Le Vayer. Trois itinéraires sceptiques, Champion, 2001.
- Sophie Gouverneur, Prudence et subversion libertines. La critique de la Raison d’État chez François de La Mothe Le Vayer, Gabriel Naudé et Samuel Sorbière, Champion, 2005.
- Michel Onfray, Contre-histoire de la philosophie, tome 3 : Les Libertins baroques, pages 73 à 117, éditions Grasset.
- René Pintard, Le Libertinage érudit dans la première moitié du Template:S- (1943), Slatkine, 2000.
- Philippe-Joseph Salazar, La Divine Sceptique. Ethique et rhétorique au XVIIe siècle, Tübingen, Gunter Narr Verlag, “Etudes Littéraires Françaises”, 68, 2000, 131 p. ISBN 3-8233-5581-3
- Philippe-Joseph Salazar, « Sur la bonne chère rhétorique – La Mothe Le Vayer politique », in Poétique de la pensée. Études sur l'âge classique et le siècle philosophique. En hommage à Jean Dagen, B. Guion et al eds., Paris, Honoré Champion, 2006, 813-823. ISBN 978-7453-1476-3
