Fou littéraire  

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"J'ose dire, au reste, que s'il y a encore un livre curieux à faire au monde en bibliographie, c'est la Bibliographie des Fous; et que s'il y a une bibliothéque piquante, curieuse et instructive à composer, c'est celle de leurs ouvrages. Sans compter dans ce nombre, et Mercier, qui se jouoit de son esprit, et Diderot, qui se jouoit de son génie ; et Malebranche, dont l'infirmité habituelle n'influoit pas sur le travail du cabinet; et Pascal, dont la monomanie étoit peut-être un agent de plus d'inspiration et de véhémence; sans nommer Parisot, Morin, Davesne et Postel, sans recourir aux souvenirs des poètes depuis le Tasse jusqu'à Gilbert, il faut convenir qu'il n'y a peut-être point de mine plus féconde à exploiter dans l'histoire littéraire; il seroit même assez curieux et assez facile, peut- être, de prouver que c'est là qu'on retrouveroit, toutes proportions gardées, la plus grande masse relative d'idées raisonnables."--Mélanges tirés d'une petite bibliothèque (1829) by Charles Nodier

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Fous littéraires is a French term (English, literal: literary fools) used to denote outsider writers who have failed to attract any recognition, not by the intellegentiae, not by the public, not by art critics, not by publishers (since they are largely self-published), and which treat subject matter considered - at least by those who qualify these writers as fous littéraires - as offbeat and amusing, without this being the intention of the author. A prime example in this category is Jean-Pierre Brisset, French author of Les dents, la bouche, a poem which is untranslatable due to its reliance on paronymy.

The study of literary fools starts in 1835 with a bibliography compiled by Charles Nodier (Bibliographie des fous : De quelques livres excentriques, published by Techener in 1835) and is continued in 1880 with Gustave Brunet (aka Philomneste Junior) in Les Fous littéraires, essai bibliographique sur la littérature excentrique, les illuminés, visionnaires, etc., published by Gay et Doucé in 1880.

In the 1930s, Raymond Queneau continues the projet by spending years of research at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, fruits of which include Les Enfants du limon (1938) and the posthumously published Aux Confins des Ténèbres, les fous littéraires.

In 1982 Henri Veyrier published Les Fous littéraires, a work of Belgian surrealist André Blavier, a continuation of his predecessors (and work he had published in Hétéroclites et fous littéraires in Bizarre of April 1956) with an augmentation by Malombra/Roger Langlais estate. This veritable encyclopedia features more than 1000 pages and 3000 reviewed "auteur"s. It features inventors of perpetual motion, theorists who claim the answer to squaring the circle, the inexistence of hell, universal languages, the structure of the universe, medicine, algebra or human sexuality.

In 2007, a group of French-language writers, found the IIREFL (Institut international de recherches et d’explorations sur les fous littéraires, hétéroclites, excentriques, irréguliers, outsiders, tapés, assimilés, sans oublier tous les autres…) or in English: International Institute for Research on Literary Lunatics, Outsiders, Weirdoes, Assimilated, say nothing of the others....

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Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Fou littéraire" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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