Form of government
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A form of government, or form of state governence, refers to the set of political institutions by which a government of a state is organized in order to exert its powers over a body politic.
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Attributes of government
- Traditional/premodern (clan/kinship-based, chiefdom) or modern (bureaucracies)
- Personalistic or impersonal
- Autocracy (totalitarianism or authoritarianism), oligarchy, or democracy
- Elective or hereditary
- Direct or indirect elections (electoral colleges, etc.)
- Secular, state religion with religious toleration, theocratic
- Republic or monarchy
- Constitutional monarchy or absolute monarchy
- Majority government or coalition government
- Single-member district or proportional representation
- Party system: Non-partisan, single-party; dominant-party; two-party; multi-party
- Separation of powers (executive, legislative, or judicial) or no separation of powers
- Parliamentary, presidential, or semi-presidential
- Single or multiple executive (Switzerland has seven executives of the Swiss Federal Council, France has a dual executive of the Prime Minister and President; the United States has a single executive, the President)
- Composition of the legislative power (rubber stamp or active)
- Unicameralism or bicameralism (much more rarely, tricameralism and tetracameralism)
- Number of coalitions or party-appointed legislators in assemblies
- Confederation, federation, or unitary
- Voting system:
- Plurality ("first past the post")
- Majoritarian (50 percent plus one), including two-round (runoff) elections
- Supermajoritarian (from 55 to 75 percent) - Senate cloture rules, entrenched clauses, absolute majorities
- Unanimity - (100 percent) - corporate governance for board of directors
- Type of economic system
- Prevalent ideologies and cultures
- Strong institutional capacity or weak capacity
- De facto (effective control) or De jure (nominal control) of government
- Sovereign, semi-sovereign, not sovereign
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