Enforced disappearance  

From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

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In international human rights law, a forced disappearance (or enforced disappearance) occurs when a person is secretly abducted or imprisoned by a state or political organization or by a third party with the authorization, support, or acquiescence of a state or political organization, followed by a refusal to acknowledge the person's fate and whereabouts, with the intent of placing the victim outside the protection of the law.

In art and popular culture

Film

• Missing (1982) – Directed by Costa-Gavras.
• Night of the Pencils (1982) – Directed by Héctor Olivera.
• The Official Story (1985) – Directed by Luis Puenzo.
• A Wall of Silence (1993) – Directed by Lita Stantic.
• Death and the Maiden (1994) – Directed by Roman Polanski.
• The Disappearance of Garcia Lorca (1997) – Directed by Marcos Zurinaga.
• Imagining Argentina (2003) – Directed by Christopher Hampton.
• The Year My Parents Went on Vacation (2006) – Directed by Cao Hamburger.
• Rendition (2007) – Directed by Gavin Hood.
• Dukot (2009) – Directed by Joel Lamangan.

Literature

• Catch-22. Written by Joseph Heller.
• Darkness at Noon. Written by Arthur Koestler.
• The Disappeared. Written by Kim Echlin.
• "Graffiti" from the collection Queremos tanto a Glenda. Written by Julio Cortázar.
• Información para extranjeros (English Title: Information for Foreigners). Written by Griselda Gambaro.
• La muerte y la doncella (English Title: Death and the Maiden). Written by Ariel Dorfman.
• Nineteen Eighty-Four. Written by George Orwell.
• A Tale of Two Cities. Written by Charles Dickens.
• V for Vendetta. Written by Alan Moore, illustrated by David Lloyd.
• When Darkness Falls. Written by James Grippando (2007).
• The Ministry of Special Cases. Written by Nathan Englander (2007).
• Preso sin nombre,celda sin número (prisoner without name, cell without number, 1982), Jacobo Timerman's book about his own demise in secret detention centers of Argentina's 1976-1983 dictatorship(National Reorganization Process).
• Mi hija Dagmar (My daughter Dagmar, 1984), Hagelin Ragmar book about the disappearance of his daughter Dagmar Hagelin, a Swedish teenage girl kidnapped by Alfredo Astiz by mistake during Argentina's 1976-1983 dictatorship(National Reorganization Process).

Popular music

• "Hay Una Mujer Desaparecida" appeared on the album "Live from El Salvador" on Redwood Records, by Holly Near (with Barbara Higbie).
• A song called "Desaparecidos" appeared on the album Voice of America by Little Steven & the Disciples of Soul.
• "Desapariciones" by Rubén Blades (also covered by Los Fabulosos Cadillacs and Maná).
• "Mothers of the Disappeared" appeared on the album The Joshua Tree, by U2.
• "They Dance Alone (Cueca Solo)" appeared on the album ...Nothing Like the Sun by Sting.
• Desaparecidos, a post hardcore, indie-rock band from Omaha, Nebraska.
• The song "The Circle (Song for Layla Al-Attar and los Olividados)" by Kris Kristofferson is about the Disappeared Ones.
• The song "Undercover of the Night" by The Rolling Stones mentions the Desaparecidos of South America.
• The Disappeared, a four piece, indie guitar band from Manchester, England.

See also

• Argentine Dirty War
• Black sites
• Black jails (China)
• Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas
• Command responsibility
• Damnatio memoriae
• Extraordinary rendition
• Ghost detainee
• Gukurahundi
• International Day of the Disappeared
• Missing person
• Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, an Argentine activist group formed by mothers of desaparecidos
• North Korean abductions of Japanese
• Nacht und Nebel
• Police encounter
• Secret police
• Arbitrary arrest and detention
• Selective assassination
• Unperson
• Unexplained disappearances
• List of people who have mysteriously disappeared
• Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
• International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance